Italy

    Place Unit Type
    Nation
    Containing Unit
    Date Type
    At the Battle of Custoza, near Verona, Austrian troops halt the Italian invasion of Venetia. Battles/Soldiers
    Austrian and Italian naval units clash at Lissa in the first major fleet confrontation of ironclads. Battles/Soldiers
    Austrian troops cross into eastern Prussia setting off full war between Prussia and Austria. US/the World
    Battlefield carnage inspires Henri Durant to found what will become the International Red Cross Battles/Soldiers
    Britain becomes the first state to recognize the new united Kingdom of Italy US/the World
    Count Cavour prepares to annex central and southern provinces into a united Italy US/the World
    Count Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, assures Switzerland over the transfer of Nice to France US/the World
    - Don Carlos, pretender to Spain's throne, and his wife die within hours of each other of scarlet fever US/the World
    Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Emperor Napoleon III meet in battle at Solferino in Italy Foreign
    Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Emperor Napoleon III of France sign an armistice at Villafranca in Italy Foreign
    Former Neapolitan provinces, including Sicily, vote overwhelmingly to join a united Italy US/the World
    From Germany, the Grand Duke of Tuscany protests the annexation of his province Foreign
    - Garibaldi and his Italian nationalists inflict final defeat on the Bourbon forces at Battle of Volturno US/the World
    - Garibaldi and his main force cross from Sicily to invade the Italian mainland US/the World
    Garibaldi and his men capture thousands of royal troops at Villa San Giovanni US/the World
    Garibaldi and his thousand volunteers embark from the Tuscan coast for Sicily US/the World
    Garibaldi and his thousand volunteers land at the Sicilian port town of Marsala US/the World
    Garibaldi and his thousand volunteers win their first victory on Sicily at Calatafimi Battles/Soldiers
    - Garibaldi and his volunteers organize on the Tuscan coast for their invasion of Sicily US/the World
    Garibaldi begs Victor Emmanuel II to allow him to cross with his men to the Neapolitan mainland US/the World
    Garibaldi leaves Naples and retires to private life on his farm on the island of Caprera US/the World
    Garibaldi pledges that his conquests will become a part of a united Italy US/the World
    Garibaldi states that the former Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies will now form part of a united Italy US/the World
    Garibaldi welcomes King Victor Emmanuel II and turns over his conquests to him US/the World
    Giacomo Puccini born in Tuscany Personal
    Giuseppe Garibaldi declares himself "Dictator of Sicily" US/the World
    In Calabria, Garibaldi and his men capture more of the increasingly dispirited Bourbon army US/the World
    In Calabria, the town of Catanzaro defies its Bourbon garrison to declare for Garibaldi US/the World
    In Italy, Garibaldi enters Naples in triumph US/the World
    In Italy, King Victor Emmanuel II opens the new Italian parliament US/the World
    In Italy, Palma and Piacenta request annexation to the Kingdon of Piedmont-Sardinia Foreign
    In Italy, Palma and Piacenta vote to break away from Bourbon rule Foreign
    In Italy, Piedmontese forces sweep aside Neapolitan resistance and advance on Capua US/the World
    - In Italy, plebiscite results in former Neapolitan provinces go overwhelmingly for joining a united Italy US/the World
    In Italy, the inhabitants of Savoy vote in a plebiscite on whether their province will become part of France US/the World
    In Italy, the results of the recent plebiscite in Savoy confirms that the province will become part of France US/the World
    In Naples, announcement of a popular plebiscite in former Neapolitan provinces on joining a united Italy US/the World
    In Sicily, announcement of a popular plebiscite in former Neapolitan provinces on joining a united Italy US/the World
    - In southern Italy, a serious eruption of Mount Vesuvius shatters the town of Torre del Greco Crime/Disasters
    In southern Italy, Garibaldi and his men reach Cosenza, capital of Upper Calabria US/the World
    In southern Italy, Garibaldi takes the Calabrian town of Monteleone without a fight US/the World
    In the Alps, the Matterhorn is climbed for the first time but disaster strikes the climbers on the way down Crime/Disasters
    - Inhabitants of Nice voting in a plebiscite on whether their district will become part of France US/the World
    Italian nationalist forces begin the siege of Gaeta, the last stronghold of the Bourbon monarchy US/the World
    Italian provinces of Romagna, Emilia, and Tuscany begin voting on a plebiscite to decide their future Foreign
    Italian provinces of Romagna, Emilia, and Tuscany vote for annexation by Piedmont-Sardinia Foreign
    Italy and Austria sign the Armistice of Cormon, ending their seven week conflict. Battles/Soldiers
    Italy, allied to Prussia, declares war on the Austrian Empire. Battles/Soldiers
    King "Bomba" dies in his palace in Caserta in Italy, aged forty-nine Foreign
    King Ferdinand of Naples evacuates his capital US/the World
    King Ferdinand of Naples urged to give up sovereignty as Garibaldi advances US/the World
    King Victor Emanuel enters the city of Venice, newly united with the rest of Italy. US/the World
    King Victor-Emmanuel of Piedmont-Sardinia explains the transfer of Nice and Savoy to France Foreign
    Large gathering of leading New Yorkers demonstrate their support of Italian liberty US/the World
    Now fighting on the Italian mainland, Garibaldi and his men capture Reggio US/the World
    Piedmont-Sardinia annexes Emilia as the unification of Italy increases pace Foreign
    Piedmont-Sardinia annexes Tuscany as the unification of Italy increases pace Foreign
    Piedmont-Sardinia defeats the Papal States at the Battle of Castelfidardo US/the World
    Plans for the plebiscite on the transfer of Nice and Savoy from Piedmont-Sardinia to France are published Foreign
    Prussia and Austria agree a cease fire and armistice to end their five week conflict. Battles/Soldiers
    Rebellion in Sicily against the Bourbon throne breaks out in Palermo Foreign
    Ship full of donated military equipment arrives at Garibaldi's Sicilian base from England US/the World
    Switzerland once again protests the transfer of Nice and Savoy from Piedmont-Sardinia to France US/the World
    The Chamber of Deputies in Turin votes a new kingdom of Italy with Victor Emmanuel II as king US/the World
    The Kingdom of Italy signs a treaty guaranteeing the independence of its tiny neighbor, San Marino US/the World
    The last of Wolfgang Mozart's sons dies in Milan Personal
    The last Papal troops in the Pope's central Italian provinces surrender at Ancona US/the World
    The Treaty of Prague ends the Italian-Austrian War and cedes Venetia for transfer to Italy. Lawmaking/Litigating
    The United States becomes the second nation state to recognize the new united Kingdom of Italy Lawmaking/Litigating
    Victor Emanuel II annexes Naples, Sicily, and Umbria and the unification of Italy is almost complete US/the World
    Victor Emmanuel II signs the declaration of the new united kingdom of Italy US/the World
    Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont becomes King of the Two Sicilies essentially completing the unification of modern Italy US/the World
    Name Type
    Ancona, Italy City or Town
    Bologna, Italy City or Town
    Florence, Italy City or Town
    Genoa, Italy City or Town
    Milan, Italy City or Town
    Perugia, Italy City or Town
    Piedmont-Sardinia Nation
    Rome, Italy City or Town
    Sicily State or Province
    Turin, Italy City or Town
    Venice, Italy City or Town
    How to Cite This Page: "Italy," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/9011.