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05/25/1846 |
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from prison in France |
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12/12/1846 |
The United States and New Granada (today Colombia) sign the Bidlack Treaty |
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07/09/1847 |
In France, liberal politicians hold the first in a series of constitutional reform "banquets" |
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07/26/1847 |
Joseph Jenkins Roberts declares the creation of the independent Republic of Liberia |
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10/21/1847 |
Civil war erupts in Switzerland |
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01/03/1848 |
Joseph Jenkins Roberts inaugurated as the first president of newly independent Liberia |
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03/29/1849 |
Great Britain annexes the Sikh kingdom of northern India |
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04/25/1849 |
Anti-British revolt breaks out in Montreal |
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06/26/1849 |
Great Britain abolishes the Navigation Acts |
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04/19/1850 |
The United States and Great Britain sign the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty |
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07/08/1853 |
U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry anchors his ships in Edo Bay near Tokyo and delivers a letter from President Millard Fillmore |
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07/10/1853 |
Argentina signs an international agreement opening up the Parana River to outside ships |
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04/15/1856 |
Riot in Panama over the theft of a slice of watermelon claims the lives of fifteen foreigners |
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04/16/1856 |
European powers agree to Declaration of Paris on foreign shipping during times of war |
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05/10/1857 |
Sepoy Revolt triggers the Indian Mutiny against British rule |
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05/13/1858 |
United States signs a commercial and friendship treaty with Bolivia in La Paz |
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07/17/1858 |
United States signs a commercial treaty with Belgium in Washington, D.C. |
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08/19/1858 |
Nicaragua adopts a new constitution |
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08/26/1858 |
The Treaty of Yedo is signed between Japan and Britain |
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01/01/1859 |
Napoleon III hints at coming war with Austria |
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01/26/1859 |
U.S. Commissioner James Bowlin arrives in Paraguay to negotiate a commerce and navigation treaty |
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01/30/1859 |
Prince Napoleon marries Princess Clohilde of Savoy in Turin |
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02/18/1859 |
President Buchanan asks Congress for powers to intervene in Central America to protect U.S. citizens and trade routes |
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03/07/1859 |
President Buchanan appoints Robert McLane as minister to Mexico |
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04/01/1859 |
In London, Parliament defeats a key Conservative bill for reform and the Government resigns the next day |
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04/07/1859 |
The United States recognizes the Liberal government of Benito Juarez in Mexico |
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04/29/1859 |
The Austrian Empire declares war on Sardinia-Piedmont |
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05/05/1859 |
With the Treaty of Caracas, Brazil and Venezuela agree on their Amazonian border |
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06/10/1859 |
In London, Lord Derby's attempt to form a new government is defeated |
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06/24/1859 |
Battlefield carnage inspires Henri Durant to found what will become the International Red Cross |
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10/15/1859 |
Spain delivers a final ultimatum to Morocco threatening war if concessions are not made |
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11/09/1859 |
Canadians meet in a convention at Toronto to discuss federation |
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11/10/1859 |
Treaty negotiations successfully conclude the late war between France, Austria, and Piedmont |
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11/28/1859 |
British sign treaty with Honduras concerning the Mosquito Coast |
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01/29/1860 |
Napoleon III closes down France's leading Catholic newspaper |
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02/17/1860 |
Large gathering of leading New Yorkers demonstrate their support of Italian liberty |
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03/04/1860 |
British governor of New Zealand declares martial law in dispute with native Maori |
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03/05/1860 |
First Japanese Diplomatic Mission to the United States arrives in Hawaii |
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03/08/1860 |
British and French send ultimatum to the Chinese Govenment threatening war |
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03/15/1860 |
Switzerland protest the pending French annexation of Savoy |
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03/21/1860 |
United States signs extradition treaty with Sweden and Norway |
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03/24/1860 |
The treaty annexing Savoy and Nice is signed in Turin |
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04/06/1860 |
Count Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, assures Switzerland over the transfer of Nice to France |
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04/11/1860 |
Switzerland once again protests the transfer of Nice and Savoy from Piedmont-Sardinia to France |
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04/15/1860 to 04/16/1860 |
Inhabitants of Nice voting in a plebiscite on whether their district will become part of France |
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04/20/1860 |
In Italy, the Archbishop of Florence publicly blesses recently excommunicated King Victor Emmanuel II |
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04/27/1860 |
Spain signs the punitive treaty imposed upon Morocco following the recent war |
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05/03/1860 |
Coronation in Stockholm of Charles XV as King of Sweden and Norway |
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06/15/1860 to 06/16/1860 |
At Baden in Germany, Emperor Napoleon III meets with the leaders of several German states |
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06/16/1860 |
Carlist pretender Don Carlos, Count Montemolin retracts his renunciation of Spanish throne |
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06/17/1860 |
Sailing under the American flag, three shiploads of reinforcements for Garibaldi's campaign reach Sicily |
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06/19/1860 to 06/20/1860 |
Druse militants massacre hundreds of Maronite Christians in Lebanon |
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06/19/1860 |
All remaining Neapolitan troops sail from Palermo and withdraw from Sicily |
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06/22/1860 |
Queen Victoria accepts President Buchanan's invitation for her son to visit the United States |
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07/08/1860 |
Near Edinburgh, a Scottish railway locomotive crashes into the sea killing four of the five aboard |
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07/09/1860 to 07/11/1860 |
Druse militants massacre thousands of Christians in Damascus |
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07/10/1860 |
In Japan, seven year old Prince Mutsuhito named as Crown Prince and heir to the throne |
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07/11/1860 |
In Britain, a question requiring a person's religious affiliation is removed from the upcoming national census |
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07/12/1860 |
In Northern Ireland, Orangemen clash with Catholics killing two and wounding fifteen |
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07/17/1860 |
Cornerstone for the new Queen's Hospital laid in Honolulu, Hawaii |
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07/20/1860 to 07/21/1860 |
On Sicily, Garibaldi defeats Neapolitan forces at Melazzo and takes the town |
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07/25/1860 |
Napoleon III seeks to reassure Britain that he does not threaten peace in Europe |
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07/25/1860 |
On Sicily, the citadel at Melazzo surrenders to Garibaldi and his men |
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11/09/1860 |
First Japanese diplomatic mission to the United States reaches home after a nine month absence |
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12/17/1860 |
Victor Emanuel II annexes Naples, Sicily, and Umbria and the unification of Italy is almost complete |
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03/31/1861 |
Body of Napoleon Bonaparte reinterred under the great dome of Les Invalides in Paris |
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03/31/1861 |
Britain becomes the first state to recognize the new united Kingdom of Italy |
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04/08/1861 to 04/09/1861 |
Official period of Britain's seventh national census takes place overnight |
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05/06/1861 |
In Parliament, the British foreign secretary declares the Confederacy at war with the Union |
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05/13/1861 |
A royal proclamation from London declares Britain neutral in the American war |
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07/17/1861 |
Mexico suspends interest payments on it foreign debts and causes consternation in Europe |
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08/06/1861 |
Great Britain declares Lagos (Nigeria) to be a Crown colony |
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08/26/1861 |
The King of the Hawaiian Islands announces his kingdom's neutrality in the American War |
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09/24/1861 |
In Washington DC, two French princes join the Union Army on the staff of General McClellan |
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10/14/1861 |
Secretary of State Seward urges Great Lakes governors to fortify their lakeside ports against foreign threats |
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10/16/1861 |
Confederate diplomats James Mason and John Slidell slip through the Charleston blockade bound for Europe |
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10/31/1861 |
In London, Britain, France, and Spain agree to a military intervention in Mexico to force payment of debts |
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11/07/1861 |
Confederate diplomats James Mason and John Slidell sail from Havana for Europe aboard a British ship |
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11/08/1861 |
A U.S. warship intercepts and boards a British mail ship off Cuba to arrest Confederate diplomats |
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11/11/1861 |
In Lisbon, King Pedro V of Portugal dies of cholera at the age of twenty-four |
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11/11/1861 |
In Beijing, Imperial China sets up its first office of foreign affairs |
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11/27/1861 |
In Liverpool, the news of the interception and seizure of Mason and Slidell reaches England |
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11/30/1861 |
In the Trent Affair, the British Foreign Secretary demands an apology and release of Mason and Slidell |
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12/23/1861 |
Prince Albert, husband and consort of Queen Victoria, is buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle |
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12/28/1861 |
Off Mississippi, a U.S. Navy steamer collides with a French warship sent to evacuate citizens from New Orleans |
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01/01/1862 |
The United States releases the Confederate commissioners Mason and Slidell into British custody |
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01/06/1862 to 01/08/1862 |
France, Britain, and Spain land troops at the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to enforce debt payments |
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01/08/1862 |
The news of the release of Slidell and Mason reaches the British Isles |
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01/29/1862 |
The Confederate commissioners Mason and Slidell finally arrive in England |
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02/05/1862 |
Britain rescinds its Trent Affair restrictions on the export of saltpeter and other war materials |
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02/12/1862 to 02/13/1862 |
In Greece, young army officers initiate a revolt against the ruling royal family |
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03/10/1862 |
Britain and France declare by treaty that Zanzibar in East Africa is separate and independent from Oman |
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03/12/1862 |
In British India, Lord Elgin arrives in Calcutta to take up his duties as Viceroy |
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03/15/1862 |
Congress votes to join with Britain and France on a commission to preserve Atlantic fishing stocks |
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03/22/1862 |
The Kingdom of Italy signs a treaty guaranteeing the independence of its tiny neighbor, San Marino |
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04/11/1862 |
At Vera Cruz, British and Spanish troops begin to withdraw from the Allied intervention into Mexico |
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04/16/1862 |
In London, the U.S. Ambassador meets with the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society |
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04/26/1862 |
President Lincoln, with great ceremony, visits aboard a French frigate at the Washington Navy Yard |
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05/02/1862 |
Secretary of State Seward tells all foreign diplomats New Orleans will soon again be open for business |
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05/05/1862 |
In Mexico, seven thousand French troops are repulsed in their attack on the town of Puebla |
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05/24/1862 |
In London, the new Westminster Bridge opens to full traffic, five years behind schedule |
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06/05/1862 |
France forces the Vietnamese officially to cede three valuable provinces in the Treaty of Saigon |
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09/22/1862 |
King Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck as Minister-President of Prussia |
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01/22/1863 |
Nationalists inspire the Polish to launch a revolt against Russian rule |
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02/08/1863 |
Prussia pledges to support Russia in its effort to prevent Polish independence |
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03/15/1863 |
French troops begin a two-month siege of Puebla, Mexico |
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03/30/1863 |
Greek succession crisis ends when Prince William of Denmark becomes King George I of Greece |
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04/05/1863 |
British Government seizes a newly-built schooner under the Foreign Enlistment Act |
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04/28/1863 |
Peru prohibits the importation of workers from the Pacific islands |
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05/02/1863 |
In London, British labor leaders call on U.S. Ambassador Adams to relay their support to President Lincoln |
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05/04/1863 |
A Maori revolt erupts in New Zealand |
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05/07/1863 to 05/09/1863 |
In the Polish Insurrection, three days of battles with Russian forces ends in defeat for the insurgents |
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05/08/1863 |
Decisive French action defeats a Mexican force attempting to resupply the besieged city of Puebla |
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05/08/1863 |
The Granadina Confederation reorganizes and renames itself "The United States of Colombia" |
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05/12/1863 |
On the African island of Madagascar, King Radamo and his political allies are murdered in a coup led by his Prime Minister |
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05/17/1863 |
The Mexican city of Puebla surrenders to the French after a sixty-two day siege |
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05/23/1863 |
Ferdinand Lasalle founds the first worker's party in Germany, forerunner of today's Social Democratic Party |
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05/30/1863 |
President Benito Juarez adjourns the Mexican Congress and abandons Mexico City to the French |
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06/03/1863 |
In northern England, textile manufacturers honor General "Stonewall" Jackson and mourn his death |
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06/07/1863 |
French troops enter the Mexican capital after an eighteen month campaign |
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06/18/1863 |
In England, the Marquis of Hastings is fined for organizing cock-fighting at his country seat |
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06/22/1863 |
The Alexandra Case, over British neutrality in ship-building, opens in London |
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06/24/1863 |
The newly-wed Prince and Princess of Wales dedicate the new building of the British Orphan's Asylum |
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06/26/1863 |
The Alexandra Case, over British neutrality in ship-building, reaches a verdict in London |
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07/28/1863 |
Queen Victoria's address adjourning Parliament reiterates her government's "strict neutrality" in America |
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09/04/1863 |
The British Prime Minister orders the detention of two recently British-built vessels for the Confederacy |
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10/03/1863 |
Mexican conservatives ask Austrian prince Maximilian to become Emperor of Mexico |
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11/24/1863 |
The newly purchased Confederate ship "Rappahannock" slips out of its English Channel port at midnight |
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02/01/1864 |
German and Austrian troops advance into Danish Schleswig, opening a six month war with the Danes |
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03/17/1864 |
In the Battle of Jasmund, the Prussian Navy fails in an effort to break the Danish blockade of Prussia |
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04/18/1864 |
In the Second Schleswig War, Prussian forces assault and capture the important Danish strong point of Dybbøl |
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05/09/1864 |
Danish and Austrian naval units clash in the North Sea at the Battle of Heligoland |
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09/01/1864 to 09/07/1864 |
At Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island, provincial delegates meet to discuss possible Canadian unity |
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10/10/1864 to 10/26/1864 |
In Quebec City, delegates from Canadian provinces are meeting to agree resolutions for a united Canada |
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10/27/1864 |
At the Quebec Conference, delegates announce their seventy-two resolutions for a united Canada |
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01/16/1865 |
A brand-new British blockade runner sinks in a storm the day she sails from Liverpool, drowning forty-seven people |
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03/28/1865 |
Confederate warship departs Lisbon and confusion involving following U.S. ships almost sparks an international incident |
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04/02/1865 |
Richard Cobden, famed free trade advocate and strong British supporter of the Union dies in London |
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06/21/1865 |
The U.S. Navy's Admiral Louis Goldsborough sails to take command of the European Squadron |
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07/31/1865 |
In the Atlantic, the latest effort to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable fails when the cable breaks and is lost |
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10/18/1865 |
In southern England, two-time British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston dies, aged 80. |
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10/27/1865 |
Lord Palmerston, late British prime minister, is buried in Westminster Abbey after a state funeral in London |
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01/05/1866 |
A mix of regular and irregular American forces occupy Bagdad, Mexico |
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01/06/1866 |
As Chile and Peru face Spain, a large public meeting is held in New York in support of the Monroe Doctrine |
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01/13/1866 |
U.S. General Weitzel arrives in Bagdad, Mexico to restore order and declares martial law. |
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01/24/1866 |
Mexican Imperial troops re-occupy Bagdad, Mexico after American forces withdraw. |
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04/06/1866 |
Mexican Ambassador Matias Romero meets with President Johnson seeking assistance for Mexico |
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11/24/1866 |
On the Mexican border, U.S. Army troops make a brief incursion into Matamoras |
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12/01/1866 |
On the Mexican border, the U.S. Army forces the surrender of Matamoros to Juarez-backed troops. |
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12/06/1866 |
In Brownsville, Texas, General Philip Sheridan removes General John Sedgwick from his command. |
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01/16/1867 |
The embalmed body of former Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico arrives home at the Austrian port of Trieste. |
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01/31/1867 |
Emperor Komei dies in Japan |
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03/12/1867 |
On southern Taiwan, aboriginals massacre the survivors of an American shipwreck |
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03/26/1867 |
A Royal Navy attempt to search on southern Taiwan for American survivors of a massacre is driven off. |
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05/06/1867 |
At Querétaro, the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico surrenders to insurgent Liberal forces. |
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05/15/1867 |
Querétaro, the last bastion of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, falls to insurgent Liberal forces. |
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06/12/1867 to 06/14/1867 |
At Querétaro, the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico goes on trial before a Liberal military tribunal.. |
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06/19/1867 |
A strong U.S. naval landing on southern Taiwan to punish Paiwan aboriginals is driven off. |
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06/19/1867 |
Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico is executed by the victorious Liberal Government of Benito Juarez. |
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07/01/1867 |
Canada becomes a Dominion, its provinces united in a federal parliamentary structure under the British Crown. |
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07/02/1867 |
Canada's new Governor-General invites Sir John A. MacDonald to form a federal coalition government. |
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11/07/1867 |
The first Parliament of the new Dominion of Canada is opened in Ottawa. |
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11/12/1867 |
In Querétaro, the embalmed body of former Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico is released to Austrian official for repatriation to Vienna. |
