SENECA COUNTY, situated toward the west part of New York, with Cayuga lake on the east, and Seneca lake on the west. Area, 308 square miles. Face of the country, diversified; soil, rich and well cultivated. Seats of justice, Ovid and Waterloo. Pop. in 1810, 16,609; in 1820, 23,619; in 1830, 21,041; in 1840, 24,874; in 1850, 25,441.

SCHOHARIE COUNTY, situated in the easterly part of New York. Area, 621 square miles. Face of the country, mountainous and hilly; soil productive. Seat of justice, Schoharie. Pop. in 1810, 18,945; in 1820, 23,154; in 1830, 27,902; in 1840, 32,358; in 1850, 33,548.

SCHENECTADY COUNTY, situated in the east part of New York, and traversed by Mohawk river, and the Erie canal. Area, 200 square miles. Face of the country, hilly and broken; soil, near the Mohawk, alluvial and rich. Seat of justice, Schenectady. Pop. in 1810, 10,201; in 1820, 13,081; in 1830, 12,347; in 1840, 17,387; in 1850, 20,054.

SARATOGA COUNTY, situated in the east part of New York, with Hudson river on the east, and the Mohawk on the south. Area, 800 square miles. Face of the country, varied with hills and valleys in the north, and alluvial plains toward the Mohawk; soil varied -- along the streams, fertile. Seat of justice, Ballston Spa. Pop. in 1810, 33,147; in 1820, 36,052; in 1830, 38,679; in 1840, 40,533; in 1850, 45,646.

ROCKLAND COUNTY, situated in the southeastern part of New York, with the Hudson river for its eastern boundary. Area, 172 square miles. Face of the country, mountainous and much broken; soil, productive; iron ore and variegated marble abound. Seat of justice, Clarkstown. Pop. in 1830, 9,388; in 1840, 11,975; in 1850, 16,962.

RENSSELAER COUNTY, situated on the east boundary of New York, with Hudson river on the west. Area, 626 square miles. Face of the country, hilly; soil, productive. Seat of justice, Troy. Pop. in 1810, 36,309; in 1820, 40,153; in 1830, 49,472; in 1840, 60,239; in 1850, 73,361.

QUEEN'S COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of New York, on Long Island, with the Atlantic ocean on the south, Long Inland sound on the north, and East river on the northwest. Area, 396 square miles. Face of the country, undulating and hilly, and on the north toward the Atlantic, level; soil productive. Seat of justice, North Hempstead. Pop. in 1810, 19,336; in 1820, 21,519; in 1830, 22,276; in 1840, 30,324; in 1850, 36,853.

PUTNAM COUNTY, situated on the east boundary of New York, with Hudson river on the west. Area, 216 square miles. Face of the country, hilly; soil, productive. Seat of justice, Carmel. Pop. in 1810, 10,293; in 1820, 11,268; in 1830, 12,701; in 1840, 12,825; in 1850, 14,138.