Federal Judge John Cradlebaugh had opened a session of federal court in Provo, Utah largely to pursue indictments against the Mormon men implicated in the Mountain Meadows Massacre sixteen months before. Since there were none of the usual court or jail facilities available, Cradlebaugh requested federal troops to secure the proceedings. This brought protests from the Mormon mayor of Provo and Governor Albert Cumming was prevailed upon to ask the regional commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, to withdraw his men. When Johnston cited the judicial request and refused, Cumming stood on his position as territorial governor to order the removal. Despite Cradlebaugh's denouncement of the order in his court, the troops were returned to their units a few days later. (By John Osborne)

Federal Judge John Cradlebaugh had opened a session of federal court in Provo, Utah largely to pursue indictments against the Mormon men implicated in the Mountain Meadows Massacre sixteen months before. Since there were none of the usual court or jail facilities available, Cradlebaugh requested federal troops to secure the proceedings. This brought protest from the Mormon mayor of Provo and Governor Albert Cumming was prevailed upon to ask the regional commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, to withdraw his men. When Johnston cited the judicial request and refused, Cumming stood on his position as territorial governor to order the removal. Despite Cradlebaugh's denouncement of the order in his court, the troops were returned to their units a few days later. (By John Osborne)

Almost sixteen months after the Mountain Meadows Massacre of a emigrant wagon train, Federal Judge John Cradlebaugh convened a grand jury in Provo, Utah to pursue indictments against the Mormon men implicated by a federal investigation. The mostly Mormon jurors refused to indict any of the accused. Trials of those responsible did not take place until 1875 when a single man, John D. Lee, was convicted and executed. (By John Osborne)

The Cochituate Aqueduct was completed in 1848 and brought up to eighteen million gallons of water a day from Lake Cochituate into the city of Boston for the city's first general water supply. In late March, 1859, the aqueduct suffered a breach at Lower Newton where it crossed the Charles River over a brick bridge. The cascade of water created a gouge in the surrounding landscape sixty feet wide, eighty feet deep, and two hundred feet long before it could be brought under control. The break was repaired, however, within days. The Aqueduct went on to serve Boston until 1951. (By John Osborne)

The Chicago City Railway Company opened its first line almost six months after ground had been first broken on State Street. The streetcar ran as far as Twelfth Street on the day it opened for service. Just a week later the track had been extended to Twenty-Second Street, called Ringgold Place then. By the end of the summer, the line ran out to Ridgely Place on the city boundary. (By John Osborne)

After a trial run two weeks before, Baltimore's first regular streetcar service opened with a single carriage drawn by four horses running on Broadway from Fell's Point Market to the intersection of Baltimore and North Streets. Within a year, the system had twenty-miles of track and sixty-five cars running regularly. (By John Osborne)

Less than two months after breaking ground, Baltimore's first streetcar line was opened as a free experiment with a single carriage drawn by four horses running on Broadway. Crowds of spectators watched as hundreds of citizens tried the new conveyance. Within a year, the system had twenty-miles of track and sixty-five cars running regularly. (By John Osborne)

Baltimore's Police and Fire Alarm system connected thirty street stations, or boxes, with fifteen miles of wire, each designed with a crank to ring a bell at fire or police headquarters and then transmit with a Morse key the number of the box sending the alarm. By 1876, the system had thirty-seven miles of wire connecting eighty-two boxes all over the city. (By John Osborne)