Representatives from the three Canadian Maritime Provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island met at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island to discuss a possible confederation.  They were joined by delegates from the Province of Canada and the agenda was widened to a discussion of a national unification.  Such progress was made that a follow-up meeting was held in Quebec in October 1864.  (By John Osborne)

A large group of Confederate agents infiltrated from Canada into Maine with the object of robbing the bank in the Washington County town of Calais. American officials in Canada were able to warn the town, however, and the raiders were met with heavy resistance at the bank and in the streets.  Three of the raiders, including the leader, Captain William Collins, were captured.  They were tried as bank robbers and sentenced by a Maine court to three years in prison. (By John Osborne)  

In mid-afternoon, Lieutenant Bennett Young and twenty Confederates announced themselves in St. Albans, Vermont as intending to burn the town in retaliation for Union actions in the South.  Their incendiary devices proved ineffective and the group had to make do with robbing the town's three banks of $200,000. One citizen was killed and the raiders escaped back into Canada where they were later arrested.  (By John Osborne)  

With pressure from the Ultramontane faction of the Church, Pope Pius IX issued his Syllabus Errorum, which catalogued in highly specific terms the doctrines afflicting the Western world that were perceived to be contrary to Catholic thought. Coming in for particular condemnation were the liberal secular state, as well as the doctrines of socialism, liberalism, and rationalism. One of the most important pronouncements of the century from Rome, it caused much comment and reaction. (By John Osborne)