In the woods near Apple Creek, on the banks of  the Missouri in North Dakota, hostile Sioux Indians intercepted and killed with arrows, Lieutenant Frederick J.H. Beever an English-born and Oxford University educated and ordained Church of England clergyman carrying messages for campaign commander General Sibley.  His body was found the next day. His short hair had made scalping difficult and the Sioux took part of his facial hair instead. Another enlisted courier, Private Nicholas Miller, was also killed the same day.  (By John Osborne)

At dawn, between two and three hundred Confederate guerrillas under William Quantrill rode into Lawrence, Kansas.  For the next four hours, Quantrill's men sought out male citizens and murdered up to two hundred of them in cold blood.  They then sacked and fired the business district.  The attackers claimed retaliation for an prior Union attack, but the atrocity also reflected the earlier years of violence in "Bleeding Kansas."  (By John Osborne)