Confederate Major General T.J. Jackson ordered the arrest of his subordinate Brigadier General Richard Brooke Garnett for "neglect of duty."  Jackson felt that Garnett had led the "Stonewall Brigade" poorly during the battle at Kernstown the week before, contributing to the defeat there, and replaced him with Brigadier General Charles Winder.  Garnett was brought before a military court in August 1862 but proceedings were never completed.  Garnett was killed at the head of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg the following year. (By John Osborne)

Wendell Phillips was scheduled to give an evening lecture at Pike's Opera House in Cincinnati, Ohio.  He began to immediately lay out his current beliefs that the war was misguided, the Constitution a flawed document, and the slave states should be expelled from the Union.  As was now usual for his presentations, his talk was repeatedly interrupted with cries from the audience, accompanied by a barrage of eggs. Finally, he was forced to leave as a melee ensued in the auditorium after an attempt was made to storm the stage. (By John Osborne)

In Turin, Italy and San Marino signed a convention that guaranteed the independence of the tiny republic, now almost completely surrounded by the new kingdom.  The document detailed a close cooperation in commerce and trade between the two - San Marino coinage was deemed acceptable in Italy, for example - as well as the treatment of crime, extradition, and other judicial matters. The agreement has stood since and San Marino remains independent today.  (By John Osborne)

On faulty intelligence, Confederate Major General T.J. Jackson had moved on Winchester, Virginia in a series of gruelling marches to engage what he thought was a smaller Union force under Brigadier General Shields.  Instead, he met a larger Union concentration under Colonel Nathan Kimball at the first battle of Kernstown and was driven from the field in his only defeat ot the war.  The encounter did, however, affect Union strategy and Jackson was able next to embark on his successful Shenandoah Valley campaign. (By John Osborne) 

Major General T.J. Jackson commanded of a force covering the Confederate withdrawal from the Shenadoah Valley to protect Richmond against the upcoming Union offensive.  On faulty intelligence he began a series of gruelling marches towards Winchester, Virginia to engage what he thought was a smaller Union force under Brigadier General Shields.  After three days of marching and skirmishing, he met a larger Union concentration at the first battle of Kernstown on March 23, 1862 and was driven from the field, his only defeat ot the war.  (By John Osborne) 

As the war intensified along the southern and southeast coasts, President Lincoln instituted two new Army commands.  One, the Department of the Gulf, included all of the Gulf Coast west of Pensacola, Florida and was placed under the command of Major General Benjamin Butler.  The other, named the Department of the South, covered South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida under the supervision of Major General David Hunter.  (By John Osborne)