Major Topics

Iconic image Title Summary
Carlisle Indian School
Caning of Sumner

The assault against Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts by South Carolina congressman Preston Brooks in May 1856 shocked most northerners and thrilled many southerners. However, this violent episode in the heart of the U.S. Capitol illustrated to nearly everyone that the sectional conflict was becoming far more than a battle of words. (By Matthew Pinsker)

Bleeding Kansas

From 1854 through much of 1857, the territory of Kansas was ripped apart by a sporadic guerrilla war that pitted free soiler settlers against pro-slavery "ruffians" as each vied to see who might control the political and economic future of the region.

American Life and Culture
19th-Century World Affairs
19th-Century Labor Unions
19th-Century Immigration
19th-Century Education
1860 Census
The 1860 Census revealed the United States to be truly a "house divided," providing demographic and economic information that illustrated the growing gap between northern free labor society and the slave culture of the South. (By Matthew Pinsker)