In central Italy, Piedmontese troops capture the Papal State city of Perugia

Three days into Piedmont-Sardinia's invasion of the Papal States, its forces under General Fanti surrounded Perugia and forced its capitulation.  Perugia had been the site a year previously of massacres of insurgents by Papal troops that had shocked Europe.  With the fall of the city, and the earlier surrender of  Pesaro and Urbino, the Papal province of Umbria was well on the way to being incorporated into the new Italian state.  (By John Osborne)