Though he served only two terms in Congress, his evident political talents and ambition attracted national attention early. He was a delegate to four successive Democratic National Conventions and in 1860 was secretary of the Democratic National Committee and chair of its campaign committee. He frequently had important influence on the party's campaign platforms. During the Civil War, he was the most prominent leader of the "Peace Democrats," who were disparagingly nicknamed "Copperheads." That leadership made him the center of great controversy.

Thanks in part to Missouri friends, Schofield was nominated brigadier general of volunteers and assigned to command the Missouri Enrolled Militia in November 1861. Raising and equipping this force, authorized only for state defense, occupied Schofield until April 1862. A factional dispute in Missouri between "radicals," desiring immediate emancipation and punitive military actions, and "conservatives," seeking gradual emancipation and military restraint, complicated Schofield's position. More problems arose from Confederate incursions across the border with Arkansas.

FORD, John Thomson, theatrical manager, was born in Baltimore, Md., Apr. 16, 1829. His family were early settlers of Maryland; some of them took part in the revolutionary war, and six were among the defenders of Baltimore in 1814. From 1844-50 Mr.

READING, c. h., p. b., seat of justice of Berks co., Pa., 53 ms. E. of Harrisburgh; from W., 145 ms., situated on the east side of Schuylkill river, 57 miles northwest of Philadelphia and 52 miles cast of Harrisburgh, and has a delightful situation amid picturesque vales, hills, and streams. In the regularity of its streets, the neatness of its houses, and the industry and good order of its inhabitants, it still retains the character stamped upon it by its founders, Thomas and Richard Penn, the sons of William Penn.

Halderman probably arrived in the Kansas Territory in October 1854. In November he became private secretary to the territory's first governor, Andrew Reeder. Subsequently, as secretary of the first territorial council in 1855, Leavenworth County's first probate judge in 1855-1856, a member of the territorial council of 1857, and a Douglas delegate to the 1860 national convention, he worked to make Kansas a Democratic state. But, like his Illinois mentor Douglas, in 1857-1858 he opposed the infamous Lecompton constitution, which sought to force slavery on an unwilling Kansas populace.

Jones was an experienced officer and an expert on ordnance, whose resignation from the U.S. Navy in 1861 was a serious loss to the North. His work, together with that of his colleague [John M.] Brooke, made it possible for the South to manufacture its own heavy cannon even late in the war. Ironically, it was Jones's expertise in ordnance that prevented him from obtaining what he desired most--command of a warship.