Edwin Coppoc (Gue, 1899)

Reference
B. F. Gue, Progressive Men of Iowa: Leaders in Business, Politics, and the Professions (Des Moines: Conway & Shaw, 1899), 80.
We hear of Edwin Coppoc standing at his post at the armory gates, while balls rained around him like hailstones. Soon after he joined Brown at the engine house and the siege began. Watson and Oliver, eons of the leader, were mortally wounded, but the heroic Watson fought on to the last. John Brown, his son Watson, Jerry Anderson, Edwin Coppoc, Dauphin A. Thompson, Steward Taylor and Shields Green were now the only survivors left on the Virginia side. Escape was impossible, and they determined to die fighting, knowing that no mercy would be shown them as prisoners. Col. Robert E.

Henry “Box” Brown (Blight, 2004)

Scholarship
Lois E. Horton, “Kidnapping and Resistance: Antislavery Direct Action in the 1850s,” in Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory, ed. David W. Blight (Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2004), 158-159.
At the end of August, just a few days after the bill passed the US Senate, slave catchers accosted Henry “Box” brown on the streets of Providence, Rhode Island. Brown was a fugitive from Virginia who, a year and a half before, had shipped himself in a crate via overland express to abolitionists and freedom in Pennsylvania. He and a friend, James C. A. Smith, presented “Box” Brown’s story on the antislavery lecture circuit by displaying and performing a narrative panorama. Called The Mirror of Slavery, it depicted Africa, slavery, and Brown’s harrowing escape.

Junius Daniel (Notable Americans)

Reference
Rossiter Johnson, ed., “ Daniel, Junius,” The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, vol. 3 (Boston:  The Biographical Society, 1904).
DANIEL, Junius, soldier, was born in Halifax county.  N.C., June 27, 1828; son of John Reeve Jones Daniel. He was graduated from the U.S. military academy in 1851 and served on garrison duty in Kentucky and Missouri, 1851-52; and on frontier duty and scouting in New Mexico, I853-56. He was promoted first lieutenant May 31, 1857, and was on sick leave of absence, 1856-58. He resigned from the army Jan.

Henry “Box” Brown (Bordewich, 2006)

Scholarship
Fergus M. Bordewich, Bound for Canaan: The Epic Story of the Underground Railroad, America's First Civil Rights Movement (New York: Amistad, 2006), 310.
Smith managed to send a message to the Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Office, advising it to watch for a crate that would be arriving on a certain date, and to open it immediately. Meanwhile, a free black friend of Brown’s arranged for a carpenter to build a box three feet long, two feet wide, and two feet, six inches deep, to be lined with baize cloth. The fit would be tight, allowing the two-hundred-pound, five-foot-eight-inch-tall Brown no space to turn himself around. At about 4 A.M. on March 29, Brown climbed into the box. Three gimlet holes were drilled opposite his face for air.

Loreta Janeta Velazquez (American National Biography)

Scholarship
Lyde Cullen Sizer, "Velazquez, Loreta Janeta," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/04/04-01016.html.
Velazquez's adventures began with the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. According to The Woman in Battle, her first husband resigned his commission to join the Confederacy at her urging. Indeed, so great was Velazquez's martial ardor--she expressed a wish to become another Joan of Arc--that she told him of her decision to enlist in the war effort herself by cross-dressing as a lieutenant in the Confederate army.

Northumberland County, Pennsylvania (Fanning's, 1853)

Gazetteer/Almanac
Fanning's Illustrated Gazetteer of the United States.... (New York: Phelps, Fanning & Co., 1853), 269.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated toward the east part of Pennsylvania, with Susquehanna river on the west, and traversed by its east branch. Area, 440 square miles. Face of the country, mountainous; soil, productive. Seat of justice, Sunbury. Pop. in 1810, 36,327; in 1820, 15,424; in 1830, 18,168; in 1840, 20,077; in 1850, 23,272.

Northampton County, Pennsylvania (Fanning's, 1853)

Gazetteer/Almanac
Fanning's Illustrated Gazetteer of the United States.... (New York: Phelps, Fanning & Co., 1853), 263.
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, situated on the easterly boundary of Pennsylvania, with Delaware river on the east, and traversed by Lehigh river. Area, 600 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil productive. Seat of justice, Easton. Pop. in 1810, 38,145 ; in 1820, 31,765; in 1830, 39,267; in 1840, 40,996; in 1850, 40,235.

California, Government and Culture (Hayward)

Gazetteer/Almanac
John Hayward, Gazetteer of the United States of America… (Philadelphia: James L. Gihon, 1854), 29-34.
CALIFORNIA has recently become one of the United States. A part of the country was discovered as early as 1542, by a Spaniard named Cobrillo; and its northern section was visited for the first time by foreigners in 1578, when Sir Francis Drake, then at the head of an expedition from England, gave to this region the name of New Albion, The Spaniards planted colonies upon its sea-coast in 1768, from which period, until 1836, the territory was a province of Mexico. In the latter year a revolution occurred.
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