Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland authored a joint bill that laid down conditions for the reentry of seceding states into the Union. Far more stringent that President Lincoln's plan, it dictated that no former Confederates could participate in their state's "reconstruction" and required that a majority of voters in any seceded state take the oath of loyalty to the United States before admission could be considered. Lincoln never signed the bill, enraging Radical Republicans. (By John Osborne)