Lincoln, Abraham

Abraham Lincoln was a southerner who led the North during the Civil War. Born on February 12, 1809, the same day as scientist Charles Darwin, Lincoln began his life on a farm in Kentucky before moving as a young child to Indiana and eventually to Illinois. He settled in Springfield, married Mary Todd, and raised four boys (two of whom died before he did). Lincoln was six-feet, four inches tall and weighed about 180 pounds. He was well respected as a politician and attorney and well-liked for his story-telling abilities. Lincoln served one term in Congress where he gained notice for opposing the Mexican War but otherwise had no experience in Washington before becoming president. During the 1850s, Lincoln helped organize the Republican Party in Illinois and distinguished himself as an anti-slavery orator, especially during the famous Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858. Two years later, Lincoln and Stephen Douglas faced each other again, this time as part of the dramatic four-way presidential contest of 1860. Lincoln won an electoral majority and seven Deep South states seceded. President Lincoln refused to bend and war erupted at Fort Sumter in April 1861. As a wartime leader, Lincoln has been widely revered for his actions to save the nation, free the slaves and for his astounding ability to communicate the values of democratic self-government in simple, elegant phrases. He won reelection in 1864 but was shot and killed by actor John Wilkes Booth in mid-April 1865, just over one month into his second term. (By Matthew Pinsker)

Life Span
to
Dickinson Connection
James Buchanan (Class of 1809) preceded Lincoln as president. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (Class of 1795) swore him into office in 1861 and bitterly opposed him until Taney's death in 1864.
Full name
Abraham Lincoln
Place of Birth
Birth Date Certainty
Exact
Death Date Certainty
Exact
Gender
Male
Race
White
Sectional choice
North
Origins
Slave State
No. of Spouses
1
No. of Children
4
Family
Thomas Lincoln (father), Nancy Hanks (mother), Sarah Bush Johnston (step-mother), Mary Ann Todd (wife), Robert Todd Lincoln (son, 1843-1926), Edward "Eddie" Baker Lincoln (son, 1846-1850), William Wallace "Willie" Lincoln (son, 1850-1862), Thomas "Tad" Lincoln (son, 1853-1871)
Occupation
Politician
Attorney or Judge
Relation to Slavery
White non-slaveholder
Political Parties
Whig
Republican
Government
President
Jackson Administration (1829-37)
Lincoln Administration (1861-65)
US House of Representatives
State legislature
Local government
Military
US military (Pre-Civil War)
Household Size in 1860
6
Children in 1860
3
Occupation in 1860
Lawyer
Residence in 1860
Wealth in 1860
17000
Marital status in 1860
Married

Abraham Lincoln (Congressional Biographical Directory)

Reference
LINCOLN, Abraham, a Representative from Illinois and 16th President of the United States; born in Hardin County, Ky., February 12, 1809; moved with his parents to a tract on Little Pigeon Creek, Ind., in 1816; attended a log-cabin school at short intervals and was self-instructed in elementary branches; moved with his father to Macon County, Ill., in 1830 and later to Coles County, Ill.; read the principles of law and works on surveying; during the Black Hawk War he volunteered in a company of Sangamon County Rifles organized April 21, 1832; was elected its captain and served until May 27, when the company was mustered out of service; reenlisted as a private and served until mustered out June 16, 1832; returned to New Salem, Ill., and was unsuccessful as a candidate for the State house of representatives; entered business as a general merchant in New Salem; postmaster of New Salem 1833-1836; deputy county surveyor 1834-1836; elected a member of the State house of representatives in 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840; declined to be a candidate for renomination; admitted to the bar in 1836; moved to Springfield, Ill., in 1837 and engaged in the practice of law; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); did not seek a renomination in 1848; an unsuccessful applicant for Commissioner of the General Land Office under President Taylor; tendered the Governorship of Oregon Territory, but declined; unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the United States Senate before the legislature of 1855; unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1858; elected as a Republican President of the United States in 1860; reelected in 1864 and served from March 4, 1861, until his death; shot by an assassin in Washington, D.C., April 14, 1865, and died the following day; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, April 19-21, 1865; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill.
“Lincoln, Abraham,” Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000313.

Abraham Lincoln, Law Career (American National Biography)

Scholarship
After retiring from the legislature in 1841, Lincoln devoted most of his time to his law practice. In 1841 he formed a partnership with Stephen T. Logan, who helped him become more thorough and meticulous in preparing his cases. The Springfield courts sat only a few weeks a year, requiring Lincoln to ride the circuit of county courts throughout central Illinois for several months each spring and fall. Most of his cases involved damage to crops by foraging livestock, property disputes, debts, and assault and battery, with an occasional murder trial to liven interest. By the time of his marriage Lincoln was earning $1,200 a year, income equal to the governor's salary. In 1844 he bought a house in Springfield--the only home he ever owned. In 1844 he also dissolved his partnership with Logan and formed a new one with 26-year-old William H. Herndon, to whom Lincoln became a mentor.

During the 1850s he became one of the leading lawyers in the state. His annual income reached $5,000. The burst of railroad construction during the decade generated a large caseload. Lincoln at various times represented railroads…. Yet it would be misleading to describe Lincoln as a "corporation lawyer" in the modern sense of that term, since he opposed corporations with equal frequency…. Lincoln continued to ride the circuit each spring and fall; the great majority of cases handled by Lincoln and Herndon (some 200 each year) concerned local matters of debt, ejectment, slander and libel, trespass, foreclosure, divorce….
James M. McPherson, "Lincoln, Abraham," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/04/04-00631.html.

Abraham Lincoln, Political Reawakening (American National Biography)

Scholarship
In 1854 a seismic political upheaval occurred that propelled Lincoln back into politics. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, rammed through Congress under the leadership of Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas… revoked the ban on slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of 36° 30'. This repeal of a crucial part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 opened Kansas Territory to slavery. It polarized the free and slave states more sharply than anything else had done.

Before 1854 Lincoln had said little in public about slavery, but during the next six years he delivered an estimated 175 speeches whose "central message" was the necessity to exclude slavery from the territories as a step toward its ultimate extinction everywhere (Waldo W. Braden, Abraham Lincoln: Public Speaker [1988], pp. 35-36). That had been the purpose of the Founding Fathers, Lincoln believed, when they adopted the Declaration of Independence and enacted the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, barring slavery from most of the existing territories; that was why they did not mention the words "slave" or "slavery" in the Constitution. "Thus, the thing is hid away, in the constitution," said Lincoln in 1854, "just as an afflicted man hides away a wen or cancer" (Basler, vol. 2, p. 274). By opening all of the Louisiana Purchase territory to slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act had reversed the course of the Founding Fathers. That was why Lincoln was "aroused," he later recalled, "as he had never been before" (Basler, vol. 4, p. 67).
James M. McPherson, "Lincoln, Abraham," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/04/04-00631.html.

Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln-Douglas Debates (American National Biography)

Scholarship
Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates. Douglas accepted, and the two met in seven three-hour debates in every part of the state. Why could the country not continue to exist half slave and half free as it had for seventy years? asked Douglas. Lincoln's talk about the "ultimate extinction" of slavery would drive the South into secession. Douglas also upbraided Lincoln for his alleged belief in "negro equality." Sensing a winning issue in Illinois, Douglas shouted questions to the crowd: "Are you in favor of conferring upon the negro the rights and privileges of citizenship?" Back would come the response, "No, No!"…The popular vote for Republican and Democratic legislators was virtually even in 1858, but because apportionment favored the Democrats, they won a majority of seats and reelected Douglas….

In retrospect, Lincoln was the real winner of the Lincoln-Douglas debates. His famous question at Freeport forced Douglas to enunciate the "Freeport Doctrine" that settlers could keep slavery out of a territory despite the Dred Scott decision by refusing to enact and enforce a local slave code. The Freeport Doctrine further alienated Douglas from southern Democrats and kindled their demand for a federal slave code in the territories. This issue split the Democratic party in 1860, virtually assuring the election of a Republican president. The national visibility achieved by Lincoln in the debates caused his name to be increasingly mentioned as the possible Republican nominee.
James M. McPherson, "Lincoln, Abraham," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/04/04-00631.html.

Abraham Lincoln, Legacy (American National Biography)

Scholarship
Scorned and ridiculed by many critics during his presidency, Lincoln became a martyr and almost a saint after his death. His words and deeds lived after him and will be revered as long as there is a United States. Indeed, it seems quite likely that without his determined leadership the United States would have ceased to exist. Union victory in the Civil War resolved two fundamental, festering problems that had been left unresolved by the Revolution of 1776 and the Constitution of 1789: whether this republic, "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal," would "long endure" or "perish from the earth"; and whether the "monstrous injustice" of slavery would continue to mock those ideals of liberty. The republic endured, and slavery perished. That is Lincoln's legacy.
James M. McPherson, "Lincoln, Abraham," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/04/04-00631.html.
Date Event
Abraham Lincoln is born in Hardin County, Kentucky
- Abraham Lincoln serves a single term in the United States House of Representatives
Daniel Gott of New York introduces his resolution to ban slavery in the District of Columbia
The U.S. Congress reverses the Gott Resolution to ban slavery in the District of Columbia
Abraham Lincoln of Springfield, Illinois receives a patent for a device to aid riverboats over shoals
Lincoln elected as officer of Illinois State Colonization Society
The Lincolns entertain over 300 guests at their home in Springfield
Lincoln addresses Chicago Republicans
Lincoln holds meeting regarding 1860 election
Chicago newspaper predicts Lincoln will be Douglas's successor in Senate
Lincoln sues railroad company to obtain $5,000 legal fee
Jury awards Abraham Lincoln $4,800 in legal fees
Lincoln denounces the Dred Scott decision
Abraham and Mary Lincoln visit Niagara Falls
Lincoln begins organizing for Senate campaign
Lincoln deposits his largest legal fee
Trial begins in important Lincoln legal case
Lincoln organizing aggressively for 1858 elections
Abraham Lincoln wins the famous "Almanac Case" in Beardstown, Illinois
Lincoln delivers his famous House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois
- Lincoln-Douglas campaign lasts from mid-June 1858 until January 1859
Senator Douglas launches his campaign with a speech in Chicago, Illinois
Lincoln replies to Douglas’s speech in Chicago, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their first debate in Ottawa, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their second debate in Freeport, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their third debate in Jonesboro, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas arrive in Mattoon, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their fourth debate in Charleston, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their fifth debate in Galesburg, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their sixth, and most acrimonious, debate in Quincy, Illinois
Lincoln and Douglas hold their final debate in Alton, Illinois
Illinois Democrats retain control of the state legislature in the November 1858 election
Leading Chicago newspaper strongly endorses Abraham Lincoln for President
Abraham Lincoln gives a speech in Elwood at the start of a five day speaking tour in Kansas
Abraham Lincoln tests his speech on slavery during a visit to Atchison, Kansas
- Abraham Lincoln finishes his five day speaking tour in Kansas with two speeches in Leavenworth
Abraham Lincoln leaves for home after his short Kansas speaking tour
Abraham Lincoln speaks before the Cooper Union in New York City
Abraham Lincoln speaks in Providence, Rhode Island
Abraham Lincoln speaks to New Hampshire Republicans at Exeter
Abraham Lincoln visits his son at Phillips Academy in New Hampshire
Abraham Lincoln rallies Connecticut Republicans in a strong evening speech at Norwich
Abraham Lincoln concludes his New England tour with a speech in Bridgeport, Connecticut
Lincoln visits dying political ally
Lincoln claims he cannot raise $10,000 for campaign even to save himself from "fate of John Brown"
In New Haven, William A. Buckingham inaugurated for his third term as Governor of Connecticut
- Republican National Convention meets in Chicago, Illinois
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln receives the news by telegraph of his nomination for President
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln is formally offered the Republican Party nomination for President
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln formally accepts the Republican nomination for President
Maine Republicans endorse Lincoln for President and nominate Israel Washburn for governor
Prominent New York American Party politician James O. Putnam endorses Abraham Lincoln
At a Lincoln rally in New York City, Horace Greeley woos former Whig and American Party voters
Abraham Lincoln writes to introduce himself to his running mate Hannibal Hamlin
Election Day in Memphis, Tennessee
New York City resident George Templeton Strong votes for Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln votes in Springfield, Illinois at 3:30PM and waits for election news at a local telegraph office
The moderate Constitutional Union ticket of Bell and Everett narrowly carries Virginia
Crowd waiting outside the Charleston Mercury office cheer at news of Abraham Lincoln’s victory
Abraham Lincoln writes to offer William Henry Seward the post of Secretary of State in his new cabinet
President-Elect Lincoln meets Alexander McClure in Springfield, Illinois
President-Elect Lincoln departs Springfield, Illinois on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Indianapolis on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
The presidential election becomes official with the announcement from the Electoral College
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Columbus, Ohio on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln arrives in Pittsburgh on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
Abraham Lincoln speaks in Pittsburgh and then continues his pre-inaugural tour to Cleveland, Ohio
Abraham Lincoln travels from Cleveland to Buffalo, New York meeting Grace Bedell on the way
Abraham Lincoln reaches Albany, New York on his pre-inaugural tour and speaks at the capitol
Abraham Lincoln arrives in New York City on his pre-inaugural tour
Abraham Lincoln spends the day in New York City, addresses the City Council, and goes to the Opera
Abraham Lincoln travels to Trenton, New Jersey and then to Philadelphia on his pre-inaugural tour
Abraham Lincoln visits Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and from there secretly travels directly to Washington
Abraham Lincoln secretly heads directly to Washington arriving in the early morning hours
President-Elect Lincoln selects Senator Simon Cameron as his Secretary of War
President Buchanan signs the Nevada Territory into existence
The 36th Congress of the United States ends its second session, finishes its term, and adjourns
Abraham Lincoln takes the oath as the sixteenth President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol
The U.S. Senate, sitting in extraordinary session, confirms all of President Lincoln's cabinet choices
President Lincoln gives South Carolina notice that he intends to resupply Fort Sumter
Stephen Douglas meets with Lincoln at the White House and pledges his support
President Abraham Lincoln calls a special early session of the new 37th Congress
President Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to suppress the Rebellion and enforce United States law
President Lincoln's twenty day grace period for the rebellion to "disperse" expires
President Lincoln signs the First Confiscation Act authorizing the seizure of slaves aiding the Confederacy
With a presidential proclamation, Abraham Lincoln calls for a day of "humiliation, prayer, and fasting"
General John C. Fremont declares martial law in Missouri and orders emancipation of slaves in the state
President Lincoln orders General John C. Fremont to modify his emancipation mandate in Missouri
The Union, by presidential proclamation, holds a day of "humiliation, prayer, and fasting" for the nation
In Utah, the telegraph reaches Salt Lake City and Brigham Young sends a message to President Lincoln
Major General George B. McClellan is appointed general-in-chief of the U.S. Army, replacing Winfield Scott
In Missouri, Major General John C. Frémont resigns as head of the Western Department of the Army
At his Washington D.C. home, General George McClellan snubs the President and Secretary of State
Secretary of War Simon Cameron resigns and is appointed minister to Russia
U.S. Senate confirms Edwin M. Stanton's nomination as Secretary of War on a vote of 36-2
The U.S. Senate votes 26-14 to confirm Simon Cameron as the new ambassador to Russia
In Washington DC, President and Mrs. Lincoln attend an evening of Verdi and Bellini opera
The U.S. Senate votes 38-1 to confirm Noah Haynes Swayne of Ohio to the U.S. Supreme Court
Eleven-year old Willie Lincoln, the President's third son, dies of typhoid in the White House
President Lincoln signs the Loan and Treasury Act, creating a national paper currency
President Lincoln names Andrew Johnson the military governor of Tennessee
President Lincoln suggests to Congress ways gradually to end slavery in the United States
The public sees for the first time the series of orders by which President Lincoln took full command of the war
President Lincoln forms two new Army Departments in the South
President Lincoln creates two new army departments, one directly protecting Washington DC
In Washington D.C., the House passes the bill to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia
Slavery is abolished in the District of Columbia
President Lincoln, with great ceremony, visits aboard a French frigate at the Washington Navy Yard
Off Norfolk, Virginia, President Lincoln observes a bombardment of Confederate positions
Without authority, Union General David Hunter declares all slaves in three states "forever free"
President Lincoln visits General McClellan's headquarters at Fredericksburg, Virginia
In Washington, President Lincoln signs a bill to establish a separate Department of Agriculture
President Lincoln declares void Union General David Hunter's South Carolina declaration of emancipation
Maryland slaveholders meet President Lincoln to complain about non-enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act
President Lincoln signs the Homestead Act
President Lincoln signs the Second Confiscation Act authorizing freedom for confiscated slaves
Senatorial caucus meets to discuss Cabinet crisis
The Homestead Act comes into effect
President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863
President Lincoln meets with Chicago attorney William Danenhower
President Lincoln commutes the death sentence of an Indiana private soldier caught sleeping on guard
Court martial convicts General Joseph Revere, grandson of the patriot, for his retreat at Chancellorsville
President Lincoln banishes Congressman Clement Vallandigham to the Confederacy
Regional army commander Ambrose Burnside orders the closing of the Chicago Times for disloyalty
The Illinois State Legislature strongly protests the military shutdown of the Chicago Times
In Illinois, the Chicago Times reopens after its brief military shutdown
War Democrat John Brough nominated for Unionist Governor of Ohio to face Vallandigham
General George Meade appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac, replacing Joseph Hooker
Mission of Confederate Vice-President Stephens seeks negotiations on prisoners
President Lincoln rejects Confederate Vice-President Stephens' offer to negotiate on prisoners
In Pennsylvania, visitors begin to throng into Gettysburg for the upcoming visit of President Lincoln
President Lincoln leaves Washington for Gettysburg and the dedication of the new National Cemetery
The Governor of Pennsylvania misses his connection with the President at Hanover Junction
The Wills family hosts President Lincoln for the night in Gettysburg
Visitors and townsfolk serenade President Lincoln on a warm and clear Gettysburg evening
President Lincoln departs Gettysburg for Washington after a brief service at the Presbyterian church
Abraham Lincoln, on horseback, leads the procession to the new Gettysburg cemetery
Edward Everett, the famous orator, speaks at the dedication of the Soldiers' Cemetery in Gettysburg
President Lincoln delivers his "dedicatory remarks" at the consecration of the Soldiers' Cemetery
The controversial "Pomeroy Circular"advocating Abraham Lincoln's replacement begins to appear
In Washington, President Lincoln signs the bill enabling the statehood of the Nevada Territory
The Louisiana pianist Louis Gottschalk plays for President Lincoln at a concert in Willard's Hotel.
The House of Representatives passes the Wade-Davis Bill setting radical requirements for Reconstruction
The U.S. Congress passes the Wade-Davis Bill that sets radical requirements for Reconstruction
In a proclamation, President Lincoln explains why he refuses to sign the Wade-Davis Bill on Reconstruction
The people of Nevada vote on their proposed constitution and statehood
From the White House in Washington, President Lincoln proclaims Nevada as the Union's 36th state
Abraham Lincoln is re-elected as President of the United States and Republicans make sweeping electoral gains
In Richmond, Virginia, President Lincoln tours the newly captured former capital of the Confederacy
John Wilkes Booth shoots President Lincoln during the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford’s Theatre
President Lincoln dies from the head wound John Wilkes Booth inflicted eight hours before
President Lincoln's body taken from Petersen's Boarding house to the White House two hours after death
The funeral service for President Lincoln takes place in the White House East Room at noon
George Atzerodt, failed assassin in the John Wilkes Booth conspiracy, is captured in Maryland
The body of slain President Lincoln is laying in state in the United States Capitol rotunda
Doctor Samuel Mudd, who treated and sheltered John Wilkes Booth, is arrested at his Maryland farm
At eight o'clock in the morning President Lincoln begins his twelve-day journey home from Washington D.C.
At ten o'clock in the morning President Lincoln's remains reach Baltimore to lie in state there for several hours
Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Harrisburg and rolls across the Pennsylvania countryside to Philadelphia
- In Philadelphia, President Lincoln's remains lay in state at Independence Hall for two days
President Johnson sets May 25th as a day of "special humiliation and prayer" for Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Philadelphia before dawn and moves across New Jersey
- President Lincoln's funeral train makes its way across upstate New York to Buffalo
President Lincoln's remains spend the day in Buffalo, New York before heading for Cleveland, Ohio
For Christian religious reasons, President Johnson adjusts the day of mourning for Abraham Lincoln to June 1, 1865
President Lincoln's remains reboard his funeral train for the last time in Chicago bound for Springfield, Illinois and home
In Springfield, Illinois, President Lincoln is laid to rest at the Oak Ridge Cemetery
President Johnson lifts the suspension of Habeas Corpus in all loyal states but retains it in the South
The third annual celebration of Thanksgiving Day takes place across the country
On Abraham Lincoln's birthday, historian George Bancroft delivers a memorial oration before Congress
Moses Odell, influential New York Democrat and friend of Abraham Lincoln, dies of cancer in Brooklyn.
Artemus Ward, Abraham Lincoln's favorite humorist, dies of tuberculosis while on tour in England
Isaac Newton, the first commissioner of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, dies in office.
Date Title
Abraham Lincoln to John A.J. Creswell, March 7, 1865
- Abraham Lincoln, Copybook Verses, 1824-1826
Campaign Statement, Abraham Lincoln, New Salem, Illinois, March 9, 1832
Abraham Lincoln, Speech in the Illinois Legislature Concerning the State Bank, January 11, 1837
Abraham Lincoln, Protest on Slavery to the Illinois Statehouse, March 3, 1837
Abraham Lincoln to Mary S. Owens, August 16, 1837
Abraham Lincoln, Address Before the Young Men's Lyceum, Springfield, Illinois, January 27, 1838
Abraham Lincoln to Eliza Caldwell Browning, April 1, 1838
Abraham Lincoln, Plan of Political Campaign, [August] 1840
Abraham Lincoln to Andrew McCormick, January 1, 1841
Abraham Lincoln to John Stuart, January 23, 1841
Abraham Lincoln to Mary Speed, September 27, 1841
Abraham Lincoln, Address to Washington Temperance Society, February 22, 1842
Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, February 25, 1842
Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, February 25, 1842 (Second Letter of the Day)
Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, July 4, 1842
Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, October 5, 1842
Abraham Lincoln, Campaign Circular from Whig Committee, March 4, 1843
Abraham Lincoln to Williamson Durley, Springfield, Illinois, October 3, 1845
Abraham Lincoln to Andrew Johnston with Poem, April 18, 1846
Abraham Lincoln to the Voters of the Illinois Seventh Congressional District, July 31, 1846
Abraham Lincoln to Allen N. Ford, August 11, 1846
Abraham Lincoln, Speech to Northwestern River and Harbor Convention, Chicago, Illinois, July 6, 1847
Abraham Lincoln, Speech in United States House of Representatives: The War with Mexico, January 12, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to Mary Todd Lincoln, Washington, DC, April 16, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to William Herndon, June 12, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to William Herndon, Washington, DC, July 10, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to William Hernden, June 22, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to Thaddeus Stevens, September 3, 1848
Abraham Lincoln, Fragment on Niagara Falls, circa September 25-30, 1848
Abraham Lincoln to John D. Johnston, December 24, 1848
Abraham Lincoln, Application for Patent on an Improved Method of Lifting Vessels over Shoals, March 10, 1849
Abraham Lincoln to J. R. Underwood, June 3, 1849
Abraham Lincoln to John M. Clayton, July 28, 1849
Abraham Lincoln, Notes for a Law Lecture, circa 1850
Abraham Lincoln to John D. Johnston, Springfield, Illinois, January 12, 1851
Abraham Lincoln, Eulogy on Henry Clay, July 6, 1852
Abraham Lincoln, Fragment on Government, circa July 1, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Richard Yates, Springfield, Illinois, August 18, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Richard Oglesby, September 8, 1854
Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Peoria, Illinois, October 16, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Richard Yates, October 30, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Richard Yates, October 31, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to J. Young Scammon, November 10, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Ichabod Codding, November 27, 1854
Abraham Lincoln to Elihu Benjamin Washburne, February 9, 1855
Abraham Lincoln to Jesse Olds Norton, February 16 1855
Abraham Lincoln to Henry Clay Whitney, June 7, 1855
Abraham Lincoln to Owen Lovejoy, August 11,1855
Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Fry Speed, August 24, 1855
Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, June 7, 1856
Abraham Lincoln's Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 10, 1856
Abraham Lincoln, Form Letter to Fillmore men, September 8, 1856
Abraham Lincoln, Fragment on Stephen Douglas, December 1, 1856
Abraham Lincoln, Speech at a Republican Banquet, Chicago, Illinois, December 10, 1856
Lincoln's Notes for Speech at Chicago, February 28, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to Charles D. Gilfillan, May 9, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to B. Clarke Lundy, August 5, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to James W. Grimes, August 17, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to Jesse K. Dubois, September 13, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to Richard Yates, September 30, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, December 18, 1857
Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, December 28, 1857
Abraham Lincoln, Fragment of a Speech, circa December 28, 1857
Abraham Lincoln, First Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions, April 6, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Thomas A. Marshall, April 23, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided'': Speech, Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to John L. Scripps, June 23, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Joseph Medill, June 25, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Charles H. Ray, June 27, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Stephen Douglas, July 24, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Stephen Douglas, July 29, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Definition of Democracy, circa August 1, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, First Debate with Stephen Douglas, Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Joseph O. Cunningham, August 22, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Second Debate with Stephen Douglas, Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Third Debate with Stephen Douglas, Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Martin P. Sweet, September 16, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Elihu B. Washburne, September 16, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Fourth Debate with Stephen Douglas, Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Fifth Debate with Stephen Douglas, Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Sixth Debate with Stephen Douglas, Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858
Abraham Lincoln, Seventh and Final Debate with Stephen Douglas, Alton, Illinois, October 13, 1858
Seventh Debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Norman Buel Judd, October 20, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to John Jordan Crittenden, November 4, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Norman Buel Judd, November 15, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Norman Buel Judd, November 16, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Eleazar A. Paine, November 19, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Henry Asbury, November 19, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Charles H. Ray, November 20, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, December 11, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to William A. Ross, March 26, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Thomas J. Pickett, April 16, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Salmon Portland Chase, April 30, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Canisius, May 17, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, July 28, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Peter Zinn, September 6, 1859
Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Columbus, Ohio, September 16, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Salmon Portland Chase, September 21, 1859
Date Title
Recollection by Noah Brooks, April 1863, Army of the Potomac
Springfield Illinois Journal, "Fusion," August 31, 1854
David Davis to Julius Rockwell, March 4, 1855
New York Times, “Senator Douglas and the Republicans of Illinois,” June 8, 1858
Recollection by Henry Villard, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, June 16-November 2, 1858
Recollection by Shelby Cullom, House Divided Speech, June 16, 1858
Recollection by Julian M. Sturtevant, House Divided Speech, June 16, 1858
New York Times, "Illinois Republican State Convention," June 21, 1858
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “A Crumb of Comfort for Mr. Seward,” June 26, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Passage at Arms between Lincoln and Douglas in 1854," July 1, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Orleans Delta on the Illinois Republican Convention,” July 5, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Douglas Coming Home," July 7, 1858
Recollection by Lew Wallace, Senator Stephen A. Douglas
Recollection by Julian M. Sturtevant, Abraham Lincoln
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln To-Night,” July 10, 1858
- Recollection by Gustave Koerner, Lincoln-Douglas Debates
(St. Louis) Missouri Republican, "Mr. A. Lincoln," July 11, 1858
New York Herald, “Senator Douglas at Chicago,” July 12, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Mr. Lincoln’s Speech," July 12, 1858
New York Times, "Senator Douglas at Chicago," July 13, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Supreme Court," July 16, 1858
(St. Louis) Missouri Republican, "The Progress of Judge Douglas Through Illinois," July 19, 1858
Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, "Speech of Mr. Lincoln," July 21, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Douglas on the Stump," July 23, 1858
New York Herald, "The Illinois Champions on the Same Stump," July 30, 1858
New York Times, "Douglas and Lincoln on the Stump," August 3, 1858
New York Times, "Political Items," August 4, 1858
Thomas C. Sharp to Ozias Mather Hatch, August 11, 1858
David Davis to Ozias Mather Hatch, August 16, 1858
New York Herald, “The Illinois Campaign,” August 16, 1858
New York Times, "Hot Work in Illinois," August 19, 1858
Recollection by John W. Forney, Abraham Lincoln
Recollection by J.K. Magic, Ottawa Debate, August 21, 1858
Recollection by Henry Villard, Ottawa Debate, August 21, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "All Aboard For Ottawa!," August 21, 1858
- Recollection by John M. Palmer, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, "The Campaign-- Douglas Among the People," August 22, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Great Debate Between Lincoln and Douglas At Ottawa," August 23, 1858
New York Times, "Meeting of Douglas and Lincoln," August 23, 1858
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Lincoln and Douglas at Ottawa," August 24, 1858
Quincy (IL) Whig, "Lincoln and Douglas," August 25, 1858
Leavenworth (KS) Journal, "Cheering News," August 26, 1858
Recollection by Joseph Medill, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Recollection by Elihu Benjamin Washburne, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Recollection by Horace White, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
New York Evening Post, "Senatorial Canvass in Illinois," August 27, 1858
Recollection by Ingalls Carleton, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Recollection by Henry Villard, Freeport Debate, August 27,1858
Recollection by A.A. Terrell, Freeport, August 27, 1858
Recollection by Carl Schurz , Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, "The Campaign - The Discussion at Freeport," August 30, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Douglas and Lincoln," September 1, 1858
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Little Giant," September 2, 1858
New York Evening Post, “The Senatorial Contest in Illinois,” September 2, 1858
(St. Louis) Missouri Republican, "Douglas - Lincoln," September 2, 1858
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Three Points in Douglas’ Creed,” September 7, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Macoupin County,” September 14, 1858
Recollection by Usher F. Linder, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
Recollection by Henry Clay Whitney, Jonesboro Debate, September 15, 1858
Recollection by Horace White, Jonesboro Debate, September 15, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Jonesboro Debate," September 17, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, "The Campaign.--Douglas at Jonesboro," September 17, 1858
Recollection by Henry Clay Whitney, Charleston Debate, September 18, 1858
New York Evening Post, "Senatorial Canvas in Illinois," September 18, 1858
Recollection by Lew Wallace, Charleston Debate, September 18, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Douglas Puffers and Valets," September 20, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Charleston Debate," September 21, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, "The Audience at Charleston," September 21, 1858
Lowell (MA) Journal and Courier, "The Senatorial Canvass in Illinois," September 22, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Audience at Charleston,” September 22, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Who Furnishes the Audiences?," September 23, 1858
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Untitled,” September 24, 1858
New York Times, “Mr. Buchanan’s Troubles,” October 1, 1858
Quincy (IL) Whig, "Lincoln at the South," October 5, 1858
Recollection by Lydia A. Titus, Galesburg Debate, October 7, 1858
Recollection by Mary Hastie Boutelle, Galesburg Debate, October 7, 1858
Recollection by Horace White, Galesburg Debate, October 7, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Galesburg Debate,” October 9, 1858
Galesburg (IL) Democrat, "The Galesburg Debate," October 9, 1858
(Springfield) Illinois State Register, "The Galesburg Debate," October 12, 1858
New York Herald, "Exhausted to the Dregs," October 13, 1858
Recollection by David Patterson Dyer, Quincy Debate, October 13, 1858
Recollection by Carl Schurz, Quincy Debate, October 13, 1858
Quincy (IL) Whig, "The Friends of Hon. Abraham Lincoln," October 13, 1858
Recollection by Horace White, Quincy Debate, October 13, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, “Sixth Great Debate,” October 15, 1858
Seventh Debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Recollection by Edmond Beall, Alton Debate, October 15, 1858
Recollection by Jeriah Bonham, Alton Debate, October 15, 1858
Quincy (IL) Whig, "Lincoln Gets Douglas Down!," October 15, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Last of the Series," October 15, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Quincy Debate," October 15, 1858
Recollection by Gustave Koerner, Alton Debate, October 15, 1858
Quincy (IL) Whig, "Disappointed," October 16, 1858
Quincy (IL) Herald, “The Discussion of Wednesday,” October 16, 1858
Chicago (IL) Times, “The Campaign – The Last Joint Debate,” October 17, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Alton Debate," October 18, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Rascality Confessed," October 18, 1858
New York Evening Post, “Political,” October 20, 1858
Philadelphia (PA) Press, “The Latest But Not The Last Lesson,” November 4, 1858
New York Times, "The Illinois Election," November 5, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Abraham Lincoln,” November 10, 1858
Louisville (KY) Democrat, “From Abroad,” November 23, 1858
Recollection of Jesse W. Fell, Conversation with Abraham Lincoln in early 1859
Recollection by Gustave Koerner, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
Recollection by Horace White, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Chicago Times, Senator Douglas and the Administration,” January 18, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln in New York,” April 21, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Abr. Lincoln,” September 14, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln in Ohio,” September 19, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln on Douglas,” September 21, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “In a Nut Shell,” October 6, 1859
Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "Tenderly Sensitive," November 3, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Northern Sentiment,” December 19, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Abraham Lincoln’s Speech,” March 2, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “‘Old Judge McLean’,” April 27, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Prophecy Fulfilled,” May 2, 1860
- Recollection by Henry C. Whitney, Republican National Convention, May 16-18, 1860
Abraham Lincoln's Endorsement on the Margin of the Missouri Democrat, May 17, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Enthusiasm over the Nomination,” May 19, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Black Republican Nominees," May 21, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Nomination of Mr. Lincoln,” May 22, 1860
Charleston (SC) Courier, "A Great Error," May 22, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, “The Chicago Convention,” May 23, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln as He Is,” May 23, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Going – Going – Gone!,” May 24, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Candidates,” May 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune,“The Fillmore Men,” May 25, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Lincoln and Hamlin,” May 25, 1860
New York Herald, “Bell and Everett Going Ahead,” May 27, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln's Committals,” May 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln’s Hold on the Working-Men,” May 30, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What Lincoln Did Not Do,” May 30, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Stop Quarreling,” May 30, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Abraham Lincoln,” June 1, 1860
Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “Can Locofocos Explain It?,” June 5, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, “Untitled,” June 6, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Lincoln at the South,” June 7, 1860
Stephen A. Douglas to Follett Foster & Company, June 9, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln’s Majority in 1858,” June 11, 1860
New York Herald, “Commencement of Republican Cabinet Making,” June 12, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Violations of the Constitution,” June 15, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Fillmore Men,” June 19, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Thirty Days From Now,” June 26, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Explanation,” June 28, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Difference of Opinion,” June 29, 1860
New York Times, “The Presidential Election,” July 4, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A New Picture of Lincoln,” July 9, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Political Dodge,” July 10, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Republican Paper Destroyed and Its Editor Driven from Town,” July 13, 1860
New York Times, “The Fears of Mr. Wigfall,” July 17, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Important Change,” July 19, 1860
William T. Sherman to Thomas Ewing, Jr., July 22, 1860
New York Herald, “Lincoln or Breckinridge,” July 22, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Untitled,” July 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Mobbing Business,” July 28, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Patriotic Woman,” July 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Making a Cat’s-Paw of Douglas,” July 31, 1860
New York Herald, “Trouble Among the Republicans,” August 5, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Word For Douglasites,” August 6, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "The 'Irrepressible Conflict,'" August 9, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, "Precipitate A Revolution," August 9, 1860
New York Times, "Politics at the South," August 10, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Three Southern Frights,” August 13, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "Let Us Frighten Them," August 16, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “How the Field Looks,” August 17, 1860
New York Times, “Mr. Yancey's Speech,” August 21, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Not Going to Dissolve the Union," August 21, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “Mr. Lincoln’s Foresight,” August 23, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Broken Platform,” August 30, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Is Lincoln an Abolitionist?,” August 31, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Artful Dodger,” September 1, 1860
New York Times, “Senator Seward in Michigan,” September 5, 1860
New York Herald, “Massachusetts Thoroughly Abolitionized,” September 7, 1860
Dover (NH) Gazette, “Withdrawal of General Houston,” September 8, 1860
New York Times, “Speech of Mr. Breckinridge,” September 10, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Disunion Movement," September 13, 1860
New York Herald, “The Reign of Terror in Texas,” September 16, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Astounding Impertinence of Douglas,” September 17, 1860
New York Times, “Disunion Ravings,” September 20, 1860
New York Times, “The Nonsense of Disunion,” September 22, 1860
New York Herald, “The Missouri Breckinridge State Convention,” September 23, 1860
New York Times, “When to Secede,” September 28, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Wolves In Sheep’s Clothing,” September 29, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "The Disunion Slave Code Candidate," October 4, 1860
New York Times, “Found at Last,” October 5, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "The 'Coercion' Issue," October 5, 1860
New York Herald, “Won't Submit to Lincoln,” October 8, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Information Wanted,” October 10, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Trap For Douglas,” October 11, 1860
Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Terrors of Submission," October 11, 1860
New York Herald, “What are the Southern States Going to Do?,” October 12, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “There's No Secession in That,” October 13, 1860
New York Times, “Very Suspicious,” October 15, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Wide Awakes at Washington,” October 19, 1860
John Hays to Charles Francis Himes, October 19, 1860
New York Herald, “American Sensations During 1860,” October 21, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Fear of Insurrection,” October 24, 1860
New York Herald, “The Demonstration on Tuesday Night,” October 25, 1860
New York Times, “The Disunion Plot at Washington,” October 26, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Illinois Sure for Douglas,” October 27, 1860
New York Herald, “Helper and His Black Republican Endorsers,” October 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Union at the South," October 29, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Don't Care,” November 3, 1860
New York Times, "Douglas Out of the Canvass," November 3, 1860
New York Herald, “The New York Herald and the Disunion Question,” November 4, 1860
New York Times, "The Republicans and Slavery," November 5, 1860
New York Times, "The Administration and Disunion," November 7, 1860
Boston (MA) Advertiser, "How Mr. Lincoln Voted," November 8, 1860
New York Times, "From the Home of Mr. Lincoln," November 8, 1860
New York Herald, “Who are the Cooks in Pennsylvania?,” November 8, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Remarkable Unanimity,” November 9, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, "Lincoln's Administration," November 9, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Disunion Flurry," November 10, 1860
William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 10, 1860
John P. Sanderson to David Davis, November 12, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “A Bugle Blast from Washington,” November 13, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, "Untitled," November 14, 1860
Varina Anne Banks Howell Davis to Jefferson Finis Davis, November 15, 1860
New York Herald, “Douglas on Lincoln,” November 18, 1860
New York Herald, “The Disunion Question,” November 19, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Will They Do It?,” November 22, 1860
John Sherman to William Tecumseh Sherman, November 26, 1860
William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 23, 1860
New York Herald, “Untitled,” November 23, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Secession Cadets,” November 26, 1860
New York Times, “Unionism in Georgia,” November 27, 1860
New York Herald, “The Meeting of Congress,” November 28, 1860
New York Times, “Political Assassination,” November 29, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “A Good Precedent,” December 3, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Brooks and Sumner,” December 6, 1860
New York Herald, “The Crisis and Its Solution,” December 10, 1860
New York Times, “The President’s Organ on the Crisis,” December 11, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What the South Intends to do on the Fourth of March,” December 15, 1860
New York Herald, “Not a Bed of Roses,” December 16, 1860
New York Herald, “Views on Secession in England,” December 19, 1860
New York Times,“A Visit to Mr. Lincoln,” December 20, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Presidential Election Without A Parallel,” December 22, 1860
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Mr. Lincoln's Position,” December 24, 1860
New York Times, “Interesting from Springfield,” December 25, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “No Backing Down!,” December 29, 1860
New York Herald, “Is South Carolina Out of the Union?,” December 30, 1860
New York Herald, “Cabinet Rumors from Pennsylvania,” January 1, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Letter From Virginia,” January 2, 1861
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Forgeone Conclusion,” January 3, 1861
Joseph Medill to Charles H. Ray and John Locke Scripps, January 6, 1861
Edwin V. Sumner to John G. Nicolay, January 7, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Driven From Kentucky,” January 10, 1861
New York Herald, “Coercion Symptoms in the West and North-West,” January 15, 1861
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Obtaining Votes Under False Pretences,” January 18, 1861
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Mr. Lincoln A Black Man,” January 19, 1861
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Lincoln and His Guard,” February 2, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Mr. Lincoln’s Views,” February 7, 1861
New York Herald, “More Trouble About Old Abe’s Cabinet,” February 10, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “President Lincoln’s Car,” February 11, 1861
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “The Irrepressible Conflict,” February 13, 1861
New York Herald, “Free Love and Passional Attraction in the New Administration,” February 13, 1861
Louisville (KY) Journal, “Mr. Lincoln’s Speeches,” February 14, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Lincoln’s War Speech,” February 16, 1861
New York Herald, “Mr. Lincoln on the Tarriff Question,” February 17, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Mr. Lincoln’s Indianapolis Speech,” February 19, 1861
(Concord) New Hampshire Statesman, “What Will Lincoln Do?,” February 23, 1861
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “Enforcement of the Laws,” February 24, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Mayor Wood Lectures Lincoln,” February 25, 1861
New York Herald, “Old Abe Hung in Effigy in the Metropolis,” February 26, 1861
New York Herald, “Should Mr. Chase Go Into the Cabinet?,” February 27, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Lincoln’s Flight to Washington,” February 28, 1861
Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “Mr. Lincoln at Washington,” March 2, 1861
Winfield Scott to William H. Seward, March 3, 1861
New York Times, “The Plot Against Mr. Lincoln’s Life,” March 4, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "4th of March," March 4, 1861
New York Times, “Reception of the Inaugural,” March 5, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The President’s Inaugural,” March 5, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Inaugural Address," March 7, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “A Scurvy Trick,” March 11, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Proposed Evacuation of Fort Sumter,” March 13, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Abolitionists and Secessionists,” March 14, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "Fort Sumter," March 15, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Impending Downfall of Secession,” March 16, 1861
New York Times, “About Fort Sumpter [Sumter],” March 18, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Fort Sumter,” March 22, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Spirit of Washington Letters,” March 25, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Virginia Still for the Union,” March 28, 1861
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “The Policy of the Administration,” March 30, 1861
San Francisco (CA) Evening Bulletin, “A Story of ‘Prince Bob’,” April 3, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "A Hoax," April 4, 1861
New York Herald, “Old Abe’s Backbone,” April 7, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What Does It All Mean?,” April 9, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Prepare to Howl!,” April 10, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "Alarming News," April 11, 1861
New York Times, “Slave Insurrections,” April 12, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “War Inaugurated!,” April 13, 1861
New York Herald, “Apprehensions of an Attack on Washington,” April 14, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Dread Arbitrament of War,” April 15, 1861
Entry by George Templeton Strong, April 15, 1861
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “Retaliation,” April 15, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Quick, Sharp, and Decisive,” April 15, 1861
New Orleans (LA) Picayune, “Lincoln’s War Talk,” April 15, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Border States,” April 16, 1861
New York Herald, “The Present Administration Doing What The Last Should Have Done,” April 16, 1861
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “Another John Brown Raid,” April 16, 1861
Entry by Catherine Edmondston, April 16, 1861
Jefferson Davis, Proclamation, April 17, 1861
Entry by Josie Underwood, April 17, 1861
Boston (MA) Liberator, “An Ancient and A Modern Compromise,” April 19, 1861
Savannah (GA) News, “Mails to the South to be Cut Off,” April 20, 1861
New York Times, “The Position of Maryland,” April 20, 1861
New York Herald, “News from Baltimore,” April 21, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Reorganization,” April 22, 1861
William Seward to Thomas Hicks, April 22, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “We Don’t Believe It!,” April 23, 1861
Andrew H. Reeder to Simon Cameron, April 24, 1861
Entry by George Templeton Strong, April 27, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “What Can We Believe?,” April 29, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "A New Difficulty," April 29, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Time Not Expired,” April 30, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Brave Words from Brownlow,” April 30, 1861
Greensboro (NC) Patriot, "Lincoln Men!," May 3, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "What We Have To Expect," May 6, 1861
New York Herald, “English Opinions on American Affairs,” May 7, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Sucking Nelson,” May 13, 1861
Ripley (OH) Bee, “Letter from a Union man in Kentucky,” May 16, 1861
Savannah (GA) News, “The Civil War in Missouri,” May 17, 1861
Ripley (OH) Bee, “One of the Volunteers,” May 23, 1861
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Military Policy of the North,” May 29, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Revival of the Sedition Law,” June 13, 1861
Newark (OH) Advocate, “The English People and the American War,” June 14, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Submissionist Answered,” June 17, 1861
New York Times, “Are They Pirates?,” June 23, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “From the West,” June 24, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “More Stealing in Pennsylvania,” July 1, 1861
Boston (MA) Advertiser, “The Attacks Upon General Scott,” July 4, 1861
(Concord) New Hampshire Statesman, “Andrew Johnson,” July 6, 1861
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “Kentucky Neutrality to be Disregarded,” July 7, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Secretary Cameron,” July 8, 1861
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “Ulterior Squinting,” July 9, 1861
Newark (OH) Advocate, “The Threats and Pressure Under which the President Acts,” July 12, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Gen. Scott Vanquished At Last,” August 1, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Lincoln’s Killed, Wounded and Prisoners,” August 12, 1861
Savannah (GA) News, “Abe Lincoln Assassinated!,” August 13, 1861
Timothy Davis to William H. Seward, September 16, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “How They Do It,” September 21, 1861
George W. Phillips, Assistant U.S. Marshall, to Judges of U.S. Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, October 26, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “The Final Blow to Liberty,” October 31, 1861
Winfield Scott to Simon Cameron, Request for Retirement, Washington, D.C., October 31, 1861
New York Herald, “Mason and Slidell,” November 17, 1861
William H. Seward to George B. McClellan, Contrabands in District of Columbia, December 4, 1861
Alexander Galt to Amy Galt, Washington DC, December 5, 1861
Memorandum by Alexander T. Galt, Canadian diplomat, describing interview with Abraham Lincoln, December 5, 1861
Claiborne Fox Jackson to the Soldiers and Fellow-Citizens of Missouri, December 13, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Resignation of Secretary Cameron,” January 14, 1862
Raleigh (NC) Register, “Mr. Vallandingham’s Speech,” January 18, 1862
Edwin M. Stanton, Order to the Army with President Lincoln's congratulations on recent victory in Kentucky, January 22, 1862
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Spies and Traitors,” February 15, 1862
New York National Anti-Slavery Standard, "New Publications," July 19, 1862
New York National Anti-Slavery Standard, "Speech of Rev. M.D. Conway," August 9, 1862
Shreveport (LA) News, “On the Wane,” August 15, 1862
Abigail Goodwin to William Still, September 23, 1862
Anna H. Richardson to William Still, October 10, 1862
Boston (MA) Liberator, "The Two Capitals," November 28, 1862
Entry by Orville Browning, December 18, 1862
Entry by Cornelia Peake McDonald, January 20, 1863
New York Herald, “The Pen and the Sword,” May 17, 1863
New York Herald, “Demand for the Release of Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham,” May 24, 1863
New York Times, “The Military and the Civil Power,” June 13, 1863
Recollection by William T. Sherman, Siege of Vicksburg Ends, July 4, 1863
Henry Sawyer to James Stradling, letter recounting experiences in Libby Prison, July 1863
New York Times, “What Pennsylvania has Escaped,” July 6, 1863
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “A Great Peril Escaped,” July 7, 1863
Orders from Henry Wager Halleck to William Handy Ludlow, July 15, 1863
Stephen Duncan to Mary Duncan, August 25, 1863, Natchez, Mississippi.
"A Voice from the Dead," Patriot and Union Editorial, November 24, 1863
Thomas Garrett to William Still, January 23, 1864
Entry by Edward Bates, August 4, 1864
The Wade-Davis Manifesto, August 5, 1864
Diary Entry by John Hay, November 11, 1864, Washington, D.C.
"The President's Speech - The Question of Reconstruction," New York Times, April 13, 1865
"The President on Reconstruction," Chicago Tribune, April 14, 1865
Edwin Booth to Henry C. Jarrett, Boston, Massachusetts, April 15, 1865
Maunsell Bradhurst Field to Editor New York Times, Letter accounting the Passing of President Abraham Lincoln, April 16, 1865
"The Consequence," Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1865
Henry Reed Rathbone, Deposition on the events of April 14, 1865, Ford's Theater, Washington D.C.
"The Murder of President Lincoln," New York Times, April 16, 1865
Report of Messrs. Brough and Garrett on arrangements for the transport of President Lincoln's remains to Illinois, April 18, 1865
William T. Sherman to William W. Halleck, April 18, 1865
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Calamity,” April 19, 1865
George Alfred Townsend, "The Obsequies in Washington," April 19, 1865
William T. Clark to Ida Clark, Washington D.C., April 19, 1865
Entry by Kate Stone, April 28, 1865
Charges and specifications against the Lincoln Conspirators on trial in Washington, D.C., May 8, 1865
Johnson to William H. Herndon, 1865-66
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” July 1865
- John G. Nicolay's conversation with James Moorhead, May 12-13, 1880
Chicago Style Entry Link
Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions of 1856, 1860 and 1864. Minneapolis: Charles W. Johnson, 1893. view record
Ackerman, Monroe. "The Love Life of Abraham Lincoln." Lincoln Herald 104, no. 1 (2002): 10-26. view record
Adkison, Danny M. "Invoking the Framers: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates." White House Studies 5, no. 3 (2005): 401-410. view record
Anastaplo, George.  Abraham Lincoln: A Constitutional Biography. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999. view record
Anderson, James W. " ‘The Real Issue’: An Analysis of the Final Lincoln-Douglas Debate." Lincoln Herald 69, no. 1 (1967): 27-39. view record
Bach, Jennifer L. "Acts of Remembrance: Mary Todd Lincoln and Her Husband's Memory." Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 25, no. 2 (2004): 25-49. view record
Baringer, William E. A House Dividing: Lincoln as President Elect. Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1945. view record
Barrett, Joseph H. Life of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Moore, Wilstach & Baldwin, 1865. view record
Bassett, Margaret Byrd. Abraham & Mary Todd Lincoln. New York: Cromwell, 1973. view record
Bateman, Newton. Abraham Lincoln: An Address. Galesburg, IL: Cadmus Club, 1899. view record
Berry, Stephen. House of Abraham: Lincoln and the Todds, A Family Divided by War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. view record
Blight, David W. "Lincoln on the Moral Bankruptcy of Slavery: Inside the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858." Magazine of History 21, no. 4 (October 2007): 56. view record
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln: A Relationship in Language, Politics, and Memory. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 2001. view record
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