Emily Dickinson, Poetry (American National Biography)

Scholarship
Jane Donahue Eberwein, "Dickinson, Emily," American National Biography Online, February 2000, http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-00453.html.
Although interest in one or more lovers continues, as does attention to the poet's religious quest and to her quiet subversion of gender assumptions, Emily Dickinson's poems steadily gain recognition as works of art, both individually and collectively, especially when read in her original fascicle groupings, which establish not just her unquestionable brilliance but her frequently underestimated artistic control.
American National Biography Online

Snapshot of the Month: College costs in 1859

In 1859, when most colleges advertised their annual costs, they broke up charges into instruction, room and other fees, board, and living expenses such as washing, oil for lamps, and wood for stoves.  At Harvard, for an example toward the high end of costs, tuition was $75, room $25, board between $110-160 for a total of around $220 for the forty-week school year. At Yale, tuition cost less at $45, room and fees more at $35, board similar, and living expenses added another $25-40.  The University of Virginia had tuition of $75 and a total requirement of  $218 for its 43 week year.  Dickinson College cost a total of $147, with a much cheaper boarding charge of $75 making most of the difference. Dartmouth, Amherst, and Brown were closer to Dickinson than Harvard or Virginia, with total costs in 1859 of $106, $123, and $133, respectively. (By John Osborne)


 
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The U.S. Post Office reports another record deficit for the year ending June 30, 1859

The vast United States Post Office system reported another record deficit for the year ending in the middle of 1859.  The Post Office had not run in the black since 1851 thanks to changes in the regulations and, especially, burgeoning transport costs in the expanding nation.  The 28,539 post offices overseeing postal routes measuring more than 260,000 miles earned around $8.7 million but cost $15.75 million to run. (By John Osborne)

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Alexander Jacob Schem (Dickinson Chronicles)

Scholarship
John Osborne and James W. Gerencser, eds., “Alexander Jacob Schem,” Dickinson Chronicles, http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/encyclo/s/ed_schemAJ.htm.
Alexander Jacob Schem was born on March 16, 1826 in Wiedenbruck in Westphalia to a vinegar manufacturer named Freidrich Schem and his wife Adolphine von Felgenhauer.  He was educated first at the Paderborn Gymnasium and then went on to the Universities at Bonn and Tubingen, studying Catholic theology.  He was ordained as a Catholic priest in April 1849 and served a parish in Bielefeld for two years.  He became disaffected from the Church of Rome, however, and emigrated to the United States in 1851.
Dickinson Chronicles

Jeremiah Chamberlain, detail

Notes
Cropped, sized, and prepared for use here by John Osborne, Dickinson College, January 6, 2009. 
Image type
painting
Use in Day View?
No
Courtesy of
Centre College Archives and Special Collections, Danville, KY
Permission to use?
Yes
Source citation
Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA

Green Clay Smith (Congressional Biographical Directory)

Reference
"Smith, Green Clay," Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000544.
SMITH, Green Clay, (son of John Speed Smith), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Richmond, Madison County, Ky., July 4, 1826; pursued academic studies; served in the Mexican War; commissioned second lieutenant in the First Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, June 9, 1846; was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1849; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Covington, Ky.; was school commissioner 1853-1857; member of the State house of representatives 1861-1863; commissioned colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Kentu
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present
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