Dickinson Chronicles

Abraham Herr Smith was born in Manor Township near Millersville, Pennsylvania on March 7, 1815 the son of Jacob Smith, a millwright, and Elizabeth Herr.  His parents died when he was eight years old and he and his sister spent the remainder of their childhood with their paternal grandmother.  He received early schooling at the Lititz Academy and also studied surveying at the Franklin Institute in Lancaster.  After a start at college life at Harrington College, Smith entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and joined the class of 1840.  While at the College he was a member of the Union Philosophical Society.  Following graduation with his class, Smith read law in Lancaster with John R. Montgomery and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in October 1842.

He soon established a thriving practice in Lancaster and in 1842 was elected to the State house as a Whig, serving one term.  He moved on to the State Senate in 1845 and served there until 1848.  In state affairs he was particularly active in fiscal responsibility issues concerning the State debt, compulsory education, and the rights of married women.  He also worked for the sale of public works. While in the State Senate he was defeated in an election for Speaker by one vote when, according to reports, he refused to vote for himself.

After a return to lucrative private practice for some years, he was prevailed upon to stand for the congressional seat that his fellow Dickinsonian, O.J. Dickey, had just vacated.  He was elected on the Republican ticket in the autumn of 1872 to the seat that the famous Thaddeus Stevens had held before Dickey.  He was a success in the Forty-third Congress and was elected to the next five sessions, serving from March 1873 to March 1885.  An ardent protectionist, Smith was noted throughout his time in Washington as a rigid economist in all government activities; for example, he supported the direct payment of pensions through the Treasury rather than through agents, as had been the previous practice.  He was also vigorously an opponent of silver coinage in anything but fractional small change and of a return to governmental specie payment.  He sat on the War Claims Committee for six years and also on the Appropriations Committee.  He was not nominated for a seventh term and retired to his practice in 1884.

A strong Methodist, Smith had been selected as a Dickinson College trustee when he was thirty-two years old and served in that position for forty-five years until 1892.  He was also a member of the board at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster.  He never married.  Abraham Smith died in Lancaster on February 16, 1894 and is buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery in that city.  His surviving sister, Miss Eliza E. Smith, who had become a well known philanthropist in Methodist and Lancaster causes, on his death donated $10,000 to dedicate in the new Denny Hall building the A. Herr Smith Memorial Hall for the use of the Union Philosophical Society.

Adam C. Snyder was born in Crab Bottom in Highland County, Virginia on March 26, 1834 to John and Elizabeth Halderman Snyder.  He prepared for undergraduate studies at the Tuscarora Academy in Juniata County, Pennsylvania and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in September 1856 as a member of the class of 1859. Snyder enrolled at Dickinson with James J. Patterson, whose father had helped found Tuscarora. While at the College, Snyder was elected to the Belles Lettres Society, but he transferred to Washington College in Maryland in 1857 to complete his education. Snyder studied law under Judge J. W. Brokenbough in Lexington, Virginia and was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1859. He opened a practice in Lewisburg, Virginia soon after.

By 1860, Snyder was a deputy United States marshal, based in Lewisburg, and he was named prosecuting attorney for Highland County, Virginia in 1861.  The Civil War intervened, and Snyder enlisted and served as adjutant in the 27th Virginia Infantry, which became a part of the "Stonewall Brigade" for the duration of the war.  Snyder was wounded in the side at the first battle of Manassas/Bull Run in July 1861. He spent a significant amount of time as a prisoner in Athenaeum Prison in Wheeling, Virginia before gaining his freedom in March 1864.  Following the war, Snyder returned to his office as prosecutor.  He built a highly successful career in the following years, serving as a judge, as an associate justice, and then as chief justice on the West Virginia Court of Appeals between 1882 and 1890.  Snyder also served as president of the bank of Lewisburg.

Snyder married Henrietta H. Cary of Lewisburg in June 1869, and the couple had nine children.  Adam Snyder died in Lewisburg on July 24, 1896.  He was sixty-two years old.

Albert Ramsey was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1813.  He and his brother, William Sterritt Ramsey, were the sons of William Ramsey (1779-1831) who was the Jacksonian representative during the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd United States Congresses and died in office.  Both brothers entered the local Dickinson College with the class of 1830 but did not graduate.  Both brothers were, however, elected to the Union Philosophical Society at the College, Albert in the class of 1829 and William with the class of 1830.

Few other details of Ramsey's early life are available but he was admitted to the York County bar in November 1834.  According to items held in the Gettysburg College Special Collections, he received a master's degree in 1838 from Pennyslvania College in Gettysburg.  He had served as District Attorney and was also editor of the York Democratic Press.

The Mexican-American War proved to be a pivotal event in his life.  He was appointed as inspector general of the York County Militia in June 1842.  He joined the Regular Army as colonel of the Eleventh Infantry in April 1847.  After service in the War he remained in the area, becoming fluent in Spanish and, in 1850, publishing a translation of a Mexican account of the war under the title The Other Side: Or Notes for the History of the War between Mexico and the United States. He purchased land in Mexico and in Texas but was not able to settle it profitably.  He sponsored a scheme to carry mail and passengers from New Orleans to San Francisco via ship and an adjoining stagecoach line running from Vera Cruz to Acapulco in a total of twenty-five days.  This "Ramsey Mail Route" attracted the attention of Congress for a time in 1854, but by 1857 Ramsey and his partner were suing the United States Post Office for damages resulting from that contract.

Ramsey returned from Texas when the Civil War broke out.  Again, facts are incomplete, but one Colonel Albert C. Ramsey raised a unit in New York's Dutchess County called the "New York Voltiguers" which was amalgamated into the 57th New York Volunteer Infantry in late 1861.  Ramsey did not serve in that regiment.

Ramsey married Sarah Wilmer in Chestertown, Maryland in December 1844.  Their son died in infancy and their daughter Catherine married in Houston, Texas in 1867.  Family reports indicate that when Col. Ramsey returned to the North at the outbreak of the war in 1861, his wife and child remained in Texas, loyal to the Confederacy.  In any case, on March 6, 1869,  Albert C. Ramsey died alone in New York City suffering from Bright's disease.  He was quietly buried the next day.  He was fifty-six years old.

Albert Rowland came from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He prepared at the Dickinson Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1838 to 1839, but then took two years off before becoming a freshman in the College proper in the fall of 1841. Rowland’s student days did not last long as he retired from Dickinson in the spring of 1843; he had in that time become a member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society and had roomed in East College.

Rowland enlisted in the United States Army in 1861 and was killed sometime around 1864.

Alexander Jacob Schem was born on March 16, 1826 in Wiedenbruck in Westphalia to a vinegar manufacturer named Freidrich Schem and his wife Adolphine von Felgenhauer.  He was educated first at the Paderborn Gymnasium and then went on to the Universities at Bonn and Tubingen, studying Catholic theology.  He was ordained as a Catholic priest in April 1849 and served a parish in Bielefeld for two years.  He became disaffected from the Church of Rome, however, and emigrated to the United States in 1851.

He held tutoring positions for a time before taking up a post in 1853 at the Collegiate Institute in Mount Holly, New Jersey.  From there he was appointed in 1854 as professor of ancient and modern languages at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he remained for six years.  A remarkable linguist who could read in fourteen languages, he taught French and German to the junior and senior class.  All his life, Schem was an advocate for the standards and structures of scholarship then emerging  in Germany, and his influences were no doubt felt among the faculty of his time. While at the College he also authored, with the Reverend George R. Crooks, a Latin-English dictionary, titled A New Latin-English School-Lexicon on the Basis of the Latin-German Lexicon of Dr. C.F. Ingerslev, which was published in Philadelphia in 1857.  Always a serious and studious man of tolerant views, Schem gave up his position at Dickinson in 1860 to devote himself fully to a career in scholarly and journalistic writing.

He worked at the Tribune in New York City for a decade until 1869 when he took on the post of editor-in-chief of Deutsch-amerikanisches Conversations-Lexicon which appeared in eleven volumes between 1869 and 1874.  All the while, he was a prolific writer for encyclopedia collections, and he published in 1877, with Henry Kiddle, Cyclopedia of Education.  He also wrote a very well received book on the Russo-Turkish War called The War in the East and published in 1878.  By this time, he had been appointed as the assistant superintendent of schools of New York City, a post he served in until his death.  Schem had over the years become a devout Methodist and wrote pieces for both The Methodist and the Methodist Quarterly Review, together with his own American Ecclesiastical Almanac in 1860.

Alexander Schem had married the daughter of his first employer on his arrival in the United States in 1853.  He had become diabetic in his later years and died of a stroke at his home in Hoboken, New York on May 21, 1881.  He was fifty-five years old.

Alexander Ramsey was born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 8, 1815, the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Kelker Ramsey.  He was educated locally and then attended Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.  Entering the Law Department of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1839, he earned a bachelor of laws degree in 1840.  He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar and opened a practice in Harrisburg.

At that time Ramsey began what can only be termed as a meteoritic rise in politics, beginning with his appointment, almost immediately, as secretary to the electoral college of Pennsylvania, and then as clerk of the State house of representatives in 1841.  By late 1842 he had been elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth Congress, representing Dauphin County, and served two terms from 1843 to 1847 before declining further nomination.  Still only in his early thirties, his life took a momentous step when, on April 2nd, 1849, President Zachary Taylor appointed him to the post of Governor of the newly established Territory of Minnesota.  Though some reports say that Ramsey would he preferred the more lucrative post of collector of tariffs at the Port of Philadelphia, he became and remained a Minnesotan for the rest of his life.

Governing the territory during a crucial four year period of its early history, he was removed from office by the new Democratic President Franklin Pierce in 1853.   He practiced law and was president of the Baldwin School, now Macalester College, for two years.  Then, Ramsey was elected as the second mayor of St. Paul in 1855.  When statehood was achieved he failed to be elected governor in 1857 by a narrow margin, but achieved that success in 1860, serving through the first half of the Civil War as the state's second elected governor.  He was notable at this time for his brutal response to an Sioux tribal raid on a settlement in Meeker County, Minnesota, in 1862.  This saw him order the extermination or removal of the tribe from the state and supervise a culminating mass execution of thirty-eight Sioux prisoners.  President Lincoln, in fact, intervened to prevent further executions.

He was elected in 1863 as a Republican to the United States Senate and served as such until 1875.  Four years later Rutherford Hayes made Ramsey his Secretary of War, in which capacity he served until 1881.  Soon after, he headed the Edmunds Commission in its dealings with the question of Mormonism and polygamy in Utah; he resigned in 1886 to retire to Minnesota.  From 1849 to 1863 he served as president of the Minnesota Historical Society, and after an absence of nearly thirty years, he returned to that position in 1891 and served until his death.  He was also a delegate to the centennial celebration of the adoption of the Constitution in 1887.

He had married Anna Earl Jenks on September 10th, 1845. The couple had two sons who died in infancy and one daughter.  Alexander Ramsey died in St. Paul, Minnesota on April 22, 1903.  He was eighty-seven years old.  Ramsey County, Minnesota, of which St. Paul is the county seat, was named for him in 1849 as was Ramsey County, North Dakota in 1883.

Alfred Brunson McCalmont was born at Franklin in Venango County, Pennsylvania on April 28, 1825, the fourth of five children and third son of Alexander and Elizabeth Hart Connely McCalmont. He attended from an early age the local Latin School that Reverend Nathanial Randolph Snowden kept in Franklin and in 1839 entered Allegheny College. He soon withdrew and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where, coincidentally, Snowden had been a member of the board of trustees from 1794 to 1827, when it was under Presbyterian auspices. McCalmont entered with the class of 1844 and was elected to the Belle Lettres Society. He graduated joint top of his class and began law studies at home in Franklin under his sister's husband, Edwin Wilson and his own father, who was then a Pennsylvania District Judge.

He interrupted his studies for a time to travel west with a friend to Iowa. He soon changed his mind and drifted home again, teaching school in St. Louis, Missouri to help pay for his journey. He passed the bar back in Franklin 1847 and relocated to Pittsburgh. There he helped his Dickinson classmate, Thomas Johnston Keenan, edit the Pittsburgh Legal Journal and a Democratic newspaper called the Daily Union. His political work brought him an appointment as the prothonotary of the western district of the Pennsylvania supreme court and then in 1858 the Attorney-General in President Buchanan's cabinet, Jeremiah Black, appointed him as one of the new Assistant Attorney-Generals of the United States. He served until 1860 when the new administration took office. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he helped raise a company of volunteer infantry in Franklin. The unit became a part of the 142nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and McCalmont was appointed a lieutenant-colonel in September 1862. The regiment's rigorous baptism of fire came at Fredericksburg in December 1862 where it lost 250 men killed and wounded. Chancellorsville saw fewer losses in April 1863 while at Gettysburg in July the unit was heavily involved on the first day and in all lost its colonel and fourteen others killed, with 126 wounded and eighty-four missing or captured. McCalmont then took command of the 142nd until April 1864 when he was detailed to take command of the new 208th Pennsylvania Infantry then being recruited and organized. Ready for active service in September, the 208th joined the final campaigns of the war, including the seige and storming of Peterburg and the Appomattox campaign. McCalmont had already, on March 13, 1865, been awarded the brevet of brigadier general for his service throughout the war and he was able to lead the 208th in the Grand Review victory celebrations in Washington on May 23, 1865. Returning to Franklin, he resumed building a thriving law practice. He ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1866 and toyed with the idea of bid for governor of the state in 1872.

During his time in Pittsburgh, McCalmont had met Sarah Frances Evans and they were married in the Trinity Church on April 28, 1853. The couple had three children, two daughters and a son. In early 1874, a tumor developed near McCalmont's ear and in May he travelled to Philadelphia for its removal. Following the operation, infection set in and on May 7, 1874, Alfred Brunson McCalmont died. His body was returned to Frankin where he was buried. He was forty-nine years old.

Andrew Gregg Curtin was born April 22, 1817 in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. He was the son of a Scots Irish immigrant who had begun an iron manufacturing concern in Center County and his second wife, Jean Gregg, daughter of a prominent Pennsylvania political family. He prepared at academies in Harrisburg and Milton and entered Dickinson to study law under Judge John Reed. He graduated with the class of 1837 and began private practice after being admitted to the bar in 1839.

Active in support of Whig candidates, he placed his developing skills as a speaker at the service of an array of candidates, including Harrison, Clay, and Taylor. By 1854, he was regarded highly enough to be offered the Whig nomination for governor, which he refused in favor of his friend James Pollock. Pollock named Curtin immediately as Secretary of the Commonwealth. His work on public schooling added to his name and he stood for governor himself in the pivotal election of 1860 as a strong supporter of Lincoln. He thus became one of the so-called "war governors" upon whom Lincoln depended for support after the outbreak of hostilities.

He is famous for his unswerving activity on behalf of the Union and both his raising of and caring for the troops sent to the Army from Pennsylvania. He was over-whelmingly re-elected in 1863. Following the end of the Civil War, he was increasingly prominent in Republican circles, first being briefly considered as running mate to Grant in 1868 and then being appointed minister to Russia where he served for three years.

On his return, he supported Greeley for president and moved in the direction of the Democratic Party. He was later elected for three terms to Congress as a Democrat in the 1880s. He retired in 1887 and lived in quiet retirement till his death on October 27, 1894.

Andrew M. Criswell was born near Scotland, Pennsylvania on November 29, 1824 to Robert and Sarah McElwain Criswell.  He had some early schooling at the nearby Chambersburg Academy and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1844 with the class of 1847.  Criswell was a member of the Union Philosophical Society while at the College. He left his studies in 1845 to take up farming and then school teaching.  He was later involved with a store and local real estate dealings in Scotland.

Criswell married Louisa Renfrew of Duffield, Pennsylvania, and the couple had four children: Robert Thompson, Nancy Jane, Henrietta Alice, and John Renfrew.  Only the latter married.  After Criswell retired from business, the family moved to Chambersburg.  Andrew Criswell died there on March 31, 1899.  He was seventy-four years old.

Asbury Jones Clarke was born in Highland County, Virginia on September 14, 1841, the son of James M. and Mary K. Clarke. After preparing at the Baltimore City College and the Light Street Institute, he entered Dickinson in 1862. While at the College, he became a member of Phi Kappa Psi, and just a year after arriving at Dickinson, he graduated with Phi Beta Kappa honors. From Dickinson, Clarke attended Albany Law School, where he received a degree in 1866. On September 17, 1872, he married Nannie McElhenney of Wheeling, West Virginia, and the couple had two children, Martha McElhenney and James Morgan. Like his father, James also attended Dickinson, graduating in 1900. A successful lawyer in Wheeling, Clarke served as a trustee of Dickinson from 1903 until his death in 1907.

In 1918, Clarke’s widow donated $50,000 to Dickinson in order to establish the Asbury Jones Clarke Chair of Latin Language and Literature. At the time, this was the largest single gift to the College by a living donor. Under the terms of the professorship, money from the endowment fund was used to pay the chosen professor's salary, with any surplus used to purchase equipment for the Latin department. In 1940, with the permission of Clarke’s son, the name of the chair was changed to the Asbury J. Clarke Chair of Classical Languages and Literature. Today, it exists as the Asbury J. Clarke Chair of Latin.

Benjamin Arbogast was born on November 13, 1825 in Pocahontas, Virginia the youngest of the nine children of farmers Benjamin and Francis Ann Mullins Arbogast. He had early schooling locally but then worked his family's land and served as a local constable. For whatever reason, he determined later to resume his education and after some preparation entered the class of 1854 at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in September 1850 at the age of twenty-five. Over six foot tall and with the look of the farmer, he became a popular student with undergraduates and faculty, joined the Union Philosophical Society, and fought his way to be at the head of his class when it graduated.

Immediately following graduation, he was engaged for two years as a tutor at Dickinson. In 1858 he joined the Baltimore Conference as a Methodist clergyman and then became instructor of Natural Science at the Dickinson Williamsport Seminary, succeeding his classmate, James Rusling in that position. He left this post almost immediately, though, to take up the presidency of the Wesleyan Female College in Staunton, Virginia. This place had previously been filled by a Dickinsonian; James McCauley, class of 1847, and a future Dickinson president, had served there between 1851 and 1853. In 1860, Arbogast moved on to the post of principal of Cassville Female College in Cassville, Georgia. He remained there during the Civil War. The conflict saw several large skirmishes take place in the area as well as, disastrously, the burning of the college by Union forces under General Sherman in November 1864. Arbogast lost of all his books and possessions in the fire and, according to family lore, was held in a Union prison for a time. In 1866, he and his young family were able to secure another desperately needed position, this time as president of Martha Washington College in Abingdon, Virginia. He remained there for six years. In 1872, he was named as president of Kentucky Wesleyan University but moved on in 1874 to head the Valley Female College in Westminster, Virginia. He remained in that post until his death.

Arbogast had married Frances "Fanny" Gibbons, the sister of fellow Dickinsonian Alexander Severus Gibbons of the class of 1846, on February 2, 1858 and the couple soon had three children. Cora Lee was born in 1859, Leland Ashby in 1860, and Buford, born in 1862. Six more children followed, several of whom died in infancy. Benjamin Arbogast himself died in Winchester, Virginia on March 31, 1881. He was fifty-five years old.

Benjamin Lippincott was born the elder son of Crispin Lippincott and his first wife, Mary Ann Wilkins Lippincott, in Haddonfield, New Jersey on July 22, 1827.  He prepared for college at the nearby Methodist-affiliated Pennington School. In 1855, he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania along with his half-brother Joshua Allan Lippincott.  Benjamin was elected as a member of the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in 1858.  He then studied to become a Methodist clergyman.

Soon after graduation, Lippincott served as the principal of the Cumberland Institute in nearby Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. He then moved to the West, where in 1860 he became head of the growing Puget Sound Wesleyan Institute in Olympia, Washington.  Founded by local Methodists, the school was well-supported and was on the verge of being funded as a university when the Civil War halted proceedings.  The territorial legislature instead elected Lippincott the superintendent of public schools for the entire territory.  His later career is largely undocumented by available records. It is known that Lippincott returned to New Jersey by the end of his life. He also served on the Dickinson College board of trustees, once again along with his brother, for more than a decade beginning in 1891.

Lippincott married Mary Cain of Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, and the couple had three sons - George, Frederick, and Benjamin Crispin - before his wife died.  He married a second time to Deborah H. Divirty and fathered three more children - Jesse, Elizabeth, and Joshua.  Benjamin Crispin Lippincott died on January 20, 1912 and was buried in Camden, New Jersey.  He was eighty-four years old.

Benjamin Lamberton was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania on February 25, 1844.  He attended Carlisle High School and the Dickinson Preparatory School before spending three years as a member of the Dickinson College class of 1862.  He was a member of Belles Lettres Literary Society.

Lamberton decided on a naval career and in 1861 transferred to the Naval Academy, graduating in time to see active service on the U.S.S. America as it pursued the Confederate raiders Florida and Tallahassee in 1864.  He served with the rank of lieutenant commander from 1868 to 1885 when he was promoted to commander and assigned to the Lighthouse Board in Charleston as an inspector.  In 1898 Lamberton was ordered to command the cruiser Boston of the Asiatic Squadron, but upon arrival in Hong Kong he was appointed as chief of staff to Commodore Dewey.  He fought alongside Dewey at the Battle of Manila and later acted as naval representative to the negotiating of the Spanish surrender.  He was promoted to captain soon after and took command of the U.S.S. Olympia.  In 1903, he became a rear admiral with the command of the South Atlantic Squadron.  His final post was as chairman of the Lighthouse Board from which he retired on his sixty-second birthday.

He married Elizabeth Stedman of Boston in 1873.  He lived in Washington, D.C. during his retirement, duck hunting and fishing with his friend President Cleveland.  Benjamin Lamberton died in Washington on June 9, 1912.

Bradford Oliver McIntire was born April 23, 1856 in York, Maine. He graduated from Wesleyan University with a B.A. and received his M.A. three years later from the same university. Following graduation he became a professor of English literature and history at Maine Wesleyan Seminary in Kents Hill, Maine. He remained there until 1890 when he came to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania to take the Thomas Beaver Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature.

As a professor of English he was a recognized authority of Elizabethan literature and Shakespearean drama. He taught classes on the history of English literature, literary criticism, American literature, and Shakespeare. McIntire’s lectures were slowly dictated and each lesson was a skillfully organized essay. He also taught the three basic courses, English language, English literature, and rhetoric and composition until Montgomery Porter Sellers joined the English department in 1895.

Besides teaching, McIntire served as the dean of the freshman class from 1897 to 1904. He was on the faculty committee on government and discipline, and was later the dean of the sophomore class. McIntire was part of the faculty committee on graduate work from 1899 to 1924 and a member of the advisory committee of the College Athletic Association. He held the position of secretary of the faculty from 1926 to 1929. In 1903, McIntire established the Library Guild, a society in which membership was reserved to those who made an annual contribution to the endowment fund of the library.

Beyond Dickinson, McIntire taught evening Sunday school classes at Allison Methodist Church for 25 years. He was also a member of the Y.M.C.A. and the Kiwanis Club. McIntire was twice the president of the Laymen's Association of the Central Pennsylvania Conference and a member of the Central Pennsylvania Conference Board of Education. In 1904, he was a delegate to the General Conference at Los Angeles, California.

Upon his retirement in 1929, McIntire was the senior member of the faculty with an unsurpassed record of 39 years of service as a professor. To honor him, a women's literary society, the McIntire Society was founded in 1921, though it was only active for one year. Three Dickinson College yearbooks, those of 1899, 1915, and 1928, are dedicated to him and his service to the College. In 1948 the College purchased his former residence, which was named for him.

McIntire married Miss May Florence Park and had three children, all of whom became Dickinsonians: Leon A., class of 1907, Marjorie L., class of 1910, and John V., class of 1913. At the celebration of McIntire's 80th birthday in 1936, the Dickinson College Community compiled a scrapbook in which they expressed how he was a personal friend, and a dedicated and well-loved professor. Bradford Oliver McIntire died on March 6, 1938.

Charles Albright was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania on December 13, 1830, the son of Solomon and Mary Miller Albright. He was a student for a time at the select school at Seyfert's Mills near his home in 1845 and then enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1852 in September 1848. While at the College, he was a particularly active member of the Union Philosophical Society, chairing the committee, for example, that petitioned the board of trustees to expand the society's library in West College. He withdrew from his undergraduate course in 1851 to undertake the study of law with Robert L. Johnson in Edenburg, Pennsylvania.

By 1854 Albright had become involved as one of the secretaries of the Western Pennsylvania Kansas Company which intended to settle Kansas with men and families of solid anti-slavery and pro-temperance convictions. The company was organized in Conneaultville, Crawford County on September 16, 1854 and associated itself with the larger New York Kansas Society that sponsored the American Settlement Company. Two hundred Pennsylvanians set out for Kansas with the young Charles Albright guiding the party. The group arrived in Kansas City on November 9, 1854 but quickly lost organization and broke up. The American Settlement Company was more successful in setting up the town of Council City, now Burlingame, in Osage County. But the overall disorganization took its toll on the meticulous and ambitious Albright. He resigned in late 1854 as agent to the company, complaining to its president, Thaddeus Hyatt, that too many potential freesoilers were giving up and going home on seeing no preparations for their arrival and nothing but open prairie. In addition, Albright complained that the best land was set aside for the reserves of the indigenous tribes. Albright allied himself for a time with Governor Andrew Reeder but, on Reeder's dismissal and flight from Kansas in early 1856, he returned to Pennsylvania and took up his law practice in Mauch Chunk in Carbon County.

By this time an ardent Republican, Albright was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Chicago that nominated Abraham Lincoln. He remained in the capital after the inauguration of the new president and volunteered in one of the companies of irregulars that Cassius M. Clay organized to protect Washington from sudden attack. In August 1862 he took a major's commission with the 132nd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and served at South Mountain and Fredericksburg. Casualties were heavy among the senior officers and after Fredericksburg, Albright took command of the regiment until its mustering out in May 1863. In January 1863, he served for a time in command of a brigade at Chancellorsville.

Mustered out of the 132nd, Albright commanded Camp Muhlenberg in Reading, Pennsylvania in June 1863. He then took command in July 1863 of one of the so-called "emergency regiments," the 34th Pennsylvania Militia, partially recruited in Carbon County, and marched with it to Philadelphia, where the authorities feared draft riots. He announced his unit's presence in the city by having them "clear their muskets" of old powder by firing them in the air on Chestnut Street then ordering them not to reload. This combination of noise and declaration of peaceful intent perhaps helped Philadelphia avoid the fate of New York. The 34th stood down in August and when trouble arose soon after in the Pennsylvania mining districts, Albright was dispatched there to arrest the ringleaders and restore calm.

Albright's regimental command experience was once again called to service in September, 1864 when he took charge of another newly raised unit, the 202nd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. This command saw difficult service guarding the Manassas Gap railway lines in Virginia from guerilla action. Albright, who had little patience with the rebellion - he considered Democrats as aiding the enemy, was not above firm action in this task, once burning all houses surrounding a portion of rail line that had been attacked and then forcing locals to ride in all trains to forestall sabotage to the tracks. On at least one defense of the rail line he faced a fellow Dickinsonian. On April 10, 1865, Albright reported to his superiors that he had met a raid from Captain George Baylor, class of 1860 and a fellow Union Philosophical member, and "whipped him like thunder." Albright had already by this time been named a Brevet Brigadier General, on March 25, 1865. The regiment spent its last days on home duty in the Lehigh Valley following the Confederate surrender and was mustered out in August 1865.

Albright resumed his career in Mauch Chunk where he had been named the president of the newly established Second Bank of Mauch Chunk in 1864. He also became involved with iron and slate interests in the area. Albright was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1872 and served one term, preferring not to stand for reelection. He did, however, serve as a delegate to the Philadelphia Republican Convention renominating President Grant and acted as chair of its committee on permanent organization. Back in the coal districts, he was the legal representative of the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company and, in this capacity, aided in the prosecution and trial of the so-called "Molly Maguires" who were resisting the mining companies absolute control in the coal areas. Specifically, he assisted in the 1876 trial and conviction of the four men accused of murdering the Tamaque chief of police; the four were hanged in Mauch Chunk the same year.

Albright married Naomi E. Wingard in 1852. A devout Methodist and non-smoking teetotaler, Albright attended the general conference of the church in 1872 in Brooklyn as a lay delegate. He was also elected to the board of trustees of his alma mater in 1879. This last service came to a premature end, however, when after several weeks of serious illness Charles Albright died at his home in Mauch Chunk on September 28, 1880. He was forty-nine years old.

Charles Lore was born in Odessa, Delaware on March 16, 1831 the son of Eldad and Priscilla Henderson Lore.  He was prepared at Middletown Academy in Delaware and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1848.  He was a member of the Union Philosophical Society and graduated with his class in June, 1852.

He went on to study the law and after a time as the clerk of the Delaware House of Representatives in 1857, was called to the bar in his home county of New Castle in 1861.  He was the draft commissioner for the county during the Civil War.  His political career blossomed after the conflict.  By 1869 he was attorney-general of Delaware, serving till 1874 and then served two terms as a Democrat in the United States Congress between 1883 and 1887.  In 1893, he was named as the chief justice of the state supreme court and was re-appointed in 1897.

He had married Rebecca Bates of Mount Holly, New Jersey on July 7, 1862.  He was a life long Methodist.  His health deteriorating, he retired from the bench in 1909.  Charles Brown Lore died in Wilmington, Delaware on March 6, 1911, ten days before his eightieth birthday.

Charles Collins was born on April 17, 1813 in North Yarmouth, Maine to Joseph Warren and Hannah Sturdivant Collins.  At the age of fourteen he became a member of the Church of Christ and went on to prepare for college at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. He then entered Wesleyan University and graduated with the highest honors in his class in 1837, as well as Phi Beta Kappa honors.  Following his graduation he took a job as the principal of a high school in Augusta, Maine for one year. In 1838, he became the first president, as well as treasurer and a professor of natural sciences at Emory and Henry College in Western Virginia. He would remain there for a period of fourteen years that saw the making of the reputation both of the institution and himself.  This undoubtedly led in 1851 to the honorary doctor of divinity degree he received from Dickinson and his subsequent election, on July 7, 1852 at the age of 39, as the eleventh president of the College.

During Collins' presidential term, Dickinson College built an observatory with a telescope at the top of South College for the use of the students that would remain in use until 1927. Collins was also instrumental in the building, with a mortgage secured with College funds, of a second Methodist Church in Carlisle, at the corner of West and Pomfret Streets, called Emory Chapel.  The introduction of water and gas mains was begun on the campus, although they were built sparingly during this early time. The number of students enrolled in the College rose under his administration even though Collins himself was not widely popular with the student body.  This was largely due to his response to independent student activities like secret fraternities and "rough and tumble" football.

In 1860, President Collins resigned from his position at Dickinson citing his desire to explore ways to make further provisions for his growing family.  After declining two other college presidencies, he took a position as the proprietor and president of the State Female College near Memphis in Tennessee. He would serve there for the remaining fifteen years of his life. Charles Collins died on July 10, 1875 in Memphis at the age of sixty-two.

Charles Cleveland was born on December 3, 1802 in Salem, Massachusetts. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1827. Three years later, he came to Dickinson College as professor of Greek and Latin. On his own initiative he added history and literature to his classes. From 1830 to 1832, Cleveland also served as librarian of the College. By all reports, he was well liked by the students, but not by the college president and other faculty members. His views on the method of instruction conflicted with those of his colleagues; the tensions that arose led to his resignation in 1832. Before leaving Carlisle, however, in 1831 Cleveland married Alison Nisbet McCoskry, the granddaughter of the College’s first president, Charles Nisbet.

Cleveland then moved to the University of New York as professor of Latin. From 1834 to 1861, he was principal of a young ladies’ school in Philadelphia. He served as United States Consul at Cardiff, Wales in 1861. Cleveland was a member of the American Philosophical Society, and was active in the causes of international peace and the abolition of slavery. In 1866, he was awarded and honorary doctorate from Dickinson College. Charles Dexter Cleveland died on August 18, 1869.

Charles Force Deems was born in Baltimore, Maryland on December 4, 1820, the son of George and Mary Roberts Deems.  The family was very pious - his mother was the daughter of a Methodist minister - and from a young age Deems exhibited signs of his future calling, once preaching temperance in public at the age of thirteen.  He entered Dickinson College in 1835 with the intention of a career in the law.  By the time he graduated in 1839, however, he was well on his way to joining the clergy and entered the Methodist ministry in Asbury, New Jersey.

Soon after, however, Deems began his sojourn in the South when he accepted a post in 1840 as general agent for the American Bible Society of North Carolina. This led to a professorship at the University of North Carolina, teaching logic and rhetoric from 1842 to 1848.  He moved on to Randolph-Macon College in Virginia for a year in 1849, teaching natural sciences.  At the end of that year he was named as pastor of the Methodist chapel at New Berne, North Carolina.  He had barely taken up his duties when he was elected to the presidency of Greensboro (N.C.) Women's College and served there until 1854.  He then returned to the New Berne district, concentrating on his pastorate and beginning his writing career in earnest.

Secession and the Civil War brought rifts in Methodism as well, and Deems chose to remain loyal to North Carolina and the South.  His eldest son was killed in action in the service of the Confederacy.  In late 1865, nevertheless, he removed his family to New York City where his career as an author blossomed with the editorship of a newspaper called The Watchman.  He also began to preach independently in halls he hired himself, founding a congregation he called The Church of Strangers.  His popularity grew, as did his connections among the wealthy of the metropolis.  Cornelius Vanderbilt, for example, despite his life-long resolve against philanthropy, broke down at last in 1870 and built a permanent church for "the Strangers"; Deems may well have been the main influence behind the tycoon's 1873 gift of a million dollars which helped found Vanderbilt University.

Although he had been writing since he left Dickinson, Deems' time in New York City produced his most notable works.  His writing in opposition to the theory of evolution was particularly well known, especially his 1885 effort Scotch Verdict in re Evolution.

In June 1843, he married Annie Disoway of New York.  After an energetic life of ministry, writing, and travel, Charles Force Deems died in New York City on November 18, 1893. He was three weeks short of his seventy-third birthday.

Charles Francis Himes was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania on June 2, 1838 to William D. and Magdalen Lanius Himes.  He attended the New Oxford Collegiate and Medical Institute in Adams County, Pennsylvania, before entering Dickinson College in the spring of 1853 as a sophomore.  He was a founding member of the College's Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity.  After graduating in 1855, Himes taught mathematics and natural sciences at the Wyoming Conference Academy in Wayne County, Pennsylvania.  A year later he moved to the Midwest to teach at public schools in Missouri and Illinois, but shortly thereafter returned to the east to accept a position at the Baltimore Female College.

In 1860, he was appointed professor of mathematics at Troy University in Troy, New York, teaching there for three years.  Himes enrolled at the University of Giessen in the Hanover region of Germany in 1863, earning his Ph.D. after two years of study.  Upon his return to the United States, he was named professor of natural science at Dickinson College, a position which he would hold for three decades.

During his long tenure at Dickinson, Himes was instrumental in expanding the science curriculum and in arranging the construction of a new building dedicated to the science departments, the Jacob Tome Scientific Building, completed in 1885.  He also helped to establish a Scientific Society for the students in 1867.  He was secretary and treasurer for the Board of Trustees from 1868 until his retirement in 1896, and also served as acting college president during the academic year 1888-1889.  In addition, Himes authored the first narrative history of the institution, A Sketch of Dickinson College, in 1879.

He was a member of the Hamilton Library Association and the Cumberland County Historical Society in Carlisle, serving as president for a time.  He was an honorary member of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, lecturing there on a regular basis, and was also a member of the American Philosophical Society and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.  Beginning in 1901, he was president of the Pennsylvania German Society, an organization with which he had been actively involved since 1897.  An avid traveller, Himes made numerous extended trips to Europe throughout his life.

Beginning in 1858, he developed a life-long interest in photography, studying and teaching the techniques of this evolving form of popular art and science.  He published a work titled Leaf Prints: or Glimpses at Photography in 1868, an early exposition of some of his work, and in 1884 he began teaching photography during summer programs at Mountain Lake Park, Maryland.  He shared his work and knowledge with other amateur photographers through various associations, becoming a member of the Pennsylvania Photographic Society in 1860, the Amateur Photographic Exchange Club in 1861, and, later in life, pursuing photographic efforts through the Hamilton Library Association.

Charles Francis Himes married Mary Elizabeth Murray on January 2, 1868. The couple had two daughters, Mary Murray (Mrs. Thomas Eyster Vale), born in December 1868, and Anna Magdalen (Mrs. George Valentine Metzel), born in March 1880; both of the Himes daughters attended Dickinson for a time.  Charles Francis Himes died at age 88 at Johns Hopkins University Hospital in Baltimore on December 6, 1918. His wife, Mary Elizabeth Murray, preceded him in death on December 3, 1904 while visiting relatives in Owaneco, Illinois.

Charles H. Gere was born near Gainesville in Wyoming County, New York on February 18, 1838. He was the son of Horatio Nelson and Julia Delay Grant Gere.  Charles Gere was educated at public schools and at the Oxford Academy, in Oxford, New York.  Although his family had already left the East to settle on the western plains, he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1859.  He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity while there and graduated with his class in 1861.

Gere taught school for a time in Pennsylvania and in Baltimore, Maryland. He enlisted on June 22, 1863 in Company B of the six-months Tenth Maryland Volunteer Infantry, which served largely in guarding communications around Harper's Ferry, West Virginia.  When this unit mustered out in January 1864, he enlisted in the hundred-day emergency Eleventh Maryland Infantry and saw action at the Battle of Monocracy.  When the Eleventh was converted to a one-year unit, Gere served to the end of the war, guarding railways, and was mustered out on June 15, 1865.

Very soon after the war, Gere was admitted to the bar in Baltimore.  Meanwhile, as noted, his family had relocated in March 1857 to Table Rock, Nebraska in order to help build that settlement and run a boarding house.  Gere's young sister Fanny died after a few months in the territory. His brother John was then killed in the Indian insurgency during the Civil War.  Charles Gere quickly joined his mother in 1865 and settled in nearby Pawnee, becoming a partner in the law office of David Butler during late 1865 and 1866.  He was elected to the first legislature of the newly admitted state and early the next year, when Butler became the state's first governor, Gere served for a time as his private secretary.  He also moved to the tiny village of Lincoln that had been designated as the state capital.  There he established a newspaper - the first in the state - that, like its owner, was decidedly Republican in tone.  He called it first The Commonwealth and then The State Journal.  In 1869, Gere became a state senator and, as chair of the Education Committee, helped push through the founding of the University of Nebraska and the funding of its first buildings.  The growth of Lincoln owed him much, as he was also largely responsible for the state's first lunatic asylum and its first prison.  Also, while on the senate Railway Committee, he drafted the legislation plotting the four Nebraska rail lines, each of which in the end happened to run through Lincoln.

Gere served four terms as chair of the Republican State Central Committee.  By then, in 1870, he had given up his law practice to devote full time to his politics and his newspaper, which had become a daily that year.  He continued as president of The State Journal until his death, directing its often controversial editorial policy.  In 1882, Gere was appointed as a regent of the University of Nebraska, and later served as president of the board until 1892.  He also served as postmaster of Lincoln from 1890 to 1894.

In September 1871, Gere married Mariel Clapham of Washington, D.C. The couple had four children, three of whom survived, all daughters.  Charles Henry Gere died in Lincoln on September 30, 1904.  He was sixty-six years old.

Charles William Super was born near Newport, Pennsylvania to Henry and Mary Diener Super on September 12, 1842. He was educated in local common schools and at the Juniata Valley normal school in Millerstown, before entering Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1863. At the College he was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and became a member of Phi Kappa Sigma fratenity. He graduated with his class in 1866. He was the older brother of Ovando Byron Super who later graduated from the College with the class of 1873.

Following graduation he taught in Markelville and then, when this institution failed, he went west to a teaching post in Canfield, Ohio. His teaching then carried him to Delaware and then back to Millerstown, Pennsylvania where he served under his old preparatory school teacher. Desiring a broader education, he left for Europe in 1869 and studied at the University of Tubingen in Germany. He returned in 1871 to enroll in the doctoral program at Illinois Wesleyan and earned his degree there in 1874. He quickly gained a post at Wesleyan College in Cincinnati, Ohio teaching modern languages. After six years in Cincinnati and after a minor flirtation with law studies in 1879, he moved on to Ohio University in Athens, Ohio in 1882 as professor of Greek. The following year he became acting president at Ohio and then was named permanently to the position. He served in all from 1884 to 1901, in two stints broken by the unsuccessful two year presidency of Isaac Crook between 1896 and 1898. Super returned to teaching Greek in 1901 and retired finallyfrom Ohio in 1907. He remained in Athens and in his retirement added to the impressive list of books he had published during his career. He also saw Super Hall dedicated in his honor at Ohio University in 1926.

In December 1867 Super had married Mary Louise Cewell of Canfield, Ohio and the couple had four children. He lived to become Dickinson College's oldest surviving alumnus and died on October 9, 1939 in Athens. Charles William Super was ninety-seven years old.

Christian P. Humrich was born on March 9, 1831 as the eldest son of John Adams, a provisions merchant and farmer, and Mary Ann Zeigler Humrich in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He was educated first by a Miss Rebecca Wrightman in one of the new primary schools in the town opened under the state free school laws, and then went on to the Dickinson College Preparatory School in 1847. He entered the College proper in 1848 with the class of 1852. While there he was active in the Belles Lettres Society and became a member of Zeta Psi fraternity. He graduated with his class in the summer of 1852 and immediately began law studies in the office of Robert Henderson in Carlisle.

Humrich passed the Cumberland County bar in the winter of 1854 and began a local law career that would last for many years. His practice was briefly interrupted when he served as the company captain of Company I of the the militia's First Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, a unit organized on September 11, 1862 and mustered out just twelve days later. Back in Carlisle, Humrich also participated in civic affairs, serving for almost forty years as a public school director of the borough of Carlisle and sitting three times on the town council. As one of the Republican Party organizers in a predominately Democratic county, he was not able to advance further, losing three countywide races over the years. He also was active in the local fire companies, serving as member, president, and chair of the board of trustees of the Good Will Hose Company between 1859 and 1889.

Humrich married Amanda Rebecca Zeigler of nearby North Middleton Township and the couple had nine children, six of whom survived to full age. In long family tradition, he attended the First Lutheran Church in Carlisle. Christian Philip Humrich died at his home 149 West Louther Street, Carlisle on June 5, 1905 at the age of seventy-six.

Clarence G. Jackson was born on March 25, 1842 in Berwick, Pennsylvania. He was one of the sons of self-made heavy manufacturer M. W. Jackson and his first wife, Margaret Gearhart Jackson.  The younger Jackson grew up in Berwick and at fourteen attended the Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport. He then enrolled in Dickinson College, Pennsylvania at the age of sixteen with the class of 1860.  He was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with honors along with his class.

Jackson returned to Berwick to work with his father and study law, but enlisted in August 1862 as a second lieutenant in Company H of the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.  The newly raised regiment organized at Camp Crossman, near Huntingdon, and went on to participate in some of the heaviest fighting of the war.  Jackson was promoted to first lieutenant in January 1863 and then was wounded and captured at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 3, 1863.  He was imprisoned at the infamous Libby Prison in Richmond before being exchanged.  Returning to the 84th, Jackson was promoted and took over command of Company H.  He was captured again at the Battle of the Wilderness and returned to Libby, before being transferred as one of the 600 officers sent to Charleston allegedly to serve as "human shields" against the Union shelling of the city.  He was once again exchanged and served until the end of the war in Company H, which by that time had been amalgamated in January 1865 with the Fifty-Seventh Pennsylvania.

Jackson returned to Berwick and his father's businesses in 1865, but also remained involved in military affairs.  He was appointed as a major in the newly organized Pennsylvania National Guard in 1870.  He was promoted to colonel on the governor's staff during Governor Hartranft's revamping of the Guard in the late 1870s and ultimately was appointed as quartermaster general of the organization in 1879.  By this time, he was a vice-president in the Jackson and Woodin Manufacturing Company and a director of the First National Bank of Berwick.  Jackson served as the school director in Berwick and trustee of the local Methodist Episcopal church. He was also a trustee of his alma mater from 1875-1880.  On his death, Jackson's family donated $10,000 to the Dickinson College endowment in his memory.

Upon returning from the war, Jackson married Elizabeth Seybert of Berwick in 1866. The couple had two daughters.  Clarence Gearhart Jackson died unexpectedly at his new palatial mansion in Berwick on May 13, 1880.  He was thirty-eight years old.

Clement Alexander Finley was born on May 11, 1797 in Newville, Pennsylvania.  His family moved very soon after to Chillicothe, Ohio when his father, a cavalry hero of the Revolutionary War, received a sizable plot of land for his war service.  Young Clement was educated in local schools and then returned to Cumberland County to enroll at Dickinson College with the Class of 1815.  A tall and reputedly handsome young man, he graduated with his class and then studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, receiving his M.D. in 1818.  That August, he entered the United States Army's First Infantry as a surgeon's mate.

Service in this regiment took him to Louisiana and Arkansas, first at Fort Smith and then at Fort Gibson, and later to Florida, Missouri, and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.  After more garrison duty at Fort Dearborn in Illinois and Fort Howard in Wisconsin, he was assigned as chief medical officer for the operations in the Black Hawk War of 1833 and saw campaigning again during the years of the Seminole War.  Peace in 1838 brought him back to garrisons in Virginia and New York, as well as a four year assignment "at home" at the Carlisle Barracks.  During the Mexican War, he served as medical director for General Zachary Taylor in Texas and then for General Winfield Scott in the Mexico City campaign.  His work on both these assignments was curtailed by illness.

In May 1861 President Abraham Lincoln appointed Finley, the senior medical officer of the Army, to the post of Surgeon General.  He immediately engaged in expanding the medical service and selecting sites for new hospitals needed during the Civil War.  In April 1862, however, he argued so heatedly with Secretary of War Stanton over appointments that he was removed from his position and was told to prepare for another assignment.  He retired from the Army soon after at the age of 65.  In 1865, Finley was rewarded for his long service with the breveted rank of brigadier general, which was made permanent, with retired pay, in 1876.

Finley married Elizabeth Moore of Philadelphia in 1832.  After a long retirement in Philadelphia, Clement Alexander Finley died on September 8, 1879.

Clinton Fisk was born on December 8, 1828 to Benjamin Bigford and Lydia Aldrich Fisk in Western New York, near the Erie Canal.  His parents moved to Michigan Territory while their son was an infant.  The death of Benjamin Fisk plunged the family into poverty.  Fisk eventually established himself as a small banker in Coldwater, Michigan.  In 1850, he married Jeannette Crippen.

Fisk’s bank was ruined in the Panic of 1857; however, by the start of the Civil War, he had re-established himself in St. Louis, Missouri.  He initially served in the home guards, participating in the seizure of Camp Jackson in May 1861.  During the summer of 1862, Fisk recruited and organized the 33rd Missouri Volunteers, and was promoted that November to brigadier general.  He mustered out in 1865 as a major general.

After the war, Fisk was appointed to the Freedman’s Bureau as assistant commissioner of the Bureau of Refuges, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands for Kentucky and Tennessee.  In 1866, he opened a school for freedmen in an abandoned army barracks in Nashville, Tennessee.  A year later the institution was chartered as Fisk University.

Fisk returned to banking in New York until 1874 when he was appointed to the Board of Indian Commissioners.  He was president of the board from 1881 until 1890.  In 1882 Fisk was appointed as a trustee of Dickinson College.  He is credited with finding George Reed to replace James McCauley as president of the college.

In 1888, Fisk ran for President of the United States on a Prohibition Party ticket, gaining 250,000 votes.  Clinton Bowen Fisk died on July 9, 1890.

Daniel Moore Bates was born in Laurel, Delaware on January 28, 1821 as Daniel Elzey Moore, the son of Methodist minister Jacob Moore.  He had lost his mother very early in life and as a young boy traveled with his father on his circuit.  When his father died in 1829 he was still only eight and he was taken in by local lawyer Martin Waltham Bates and his wife, Mary Hillyard Bates.  They became his well loved family and he adopted their name legally, becoming Daniel Moore Bates.  In later life he would care for his ailing father until his death in 1869. The Bates were influential and wealthy, and thanks to their efforts, Daniel was able to enter Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania at the age of fourteen and graduate with the class of 1839.

Bates returned to Dover and studied law under his father and was admitted to the bar there in 1842.  He joined his father's law firm. One of his first forays into civic affairs came in May 1843 when he became a founding member and officer of the State Colonization Society of Delaware, set up to join with other societies encouraging repatriation of former slaves and other African Americans to Africa.  Bates' career developed quickly and the Democratic Governor, William Tharp, appointed him as Secretary of State for Delaware in January 1847; he served until 1851 and the end of Tharp's term.  One of his successes in that office was to sit with the state chancellor and the sitting chief justice on a commission that revised and codified all state laws.  In 1852, President Pierce appointed him as U.S. district attorney for Delaware and he worked in this post until 1861.  He was one of the five Delaware commissioners dispatched from Delaware to the Peace Conference in February 1861 seeking to avoid the breakup of the Union and was one of the committee of nine that prepared the plan to appease the slave states.  Following the war, he was named as the unanimous choice to fill the post of chancellor of the state and served in that post till 1873 when he was succeeded by fellow Dickinson alumnus Willard Saulsbury.  During his professional life, he also built up a record of philanthropy and civic service, acting as founding member for organizations as diverse as the Home for Friendless and Destitute Children in 1863, the Wilmington City Railway Company in March 1864, and the Historical Society of Delaware in May 1864.  In 1869, Dickinson College awarded him an honorary doctorate.  Bates had already served his old college on its board of trustees between 1848 and 1865.

Bates married Margaret Handy of Snow Hill, Maryland on November 7, 1844 and the couple had four children with another dying in infancy.  Margaret Handy died in October 1869.  He had resigned his state office on doctor's advice and  was urged to travel for his health.  This he did with his family in Europe and returned in 1875, refreshed enough to begin writing and take up partial practice again in 1877.  In March 1879, he was traveling to a case in Richmond when he fell ill and, after a two week illness, Daniel Moore Bates died on March 28, 1879.  He was fifty-eight years old.

Daniel Cloud was born on June 29, 1837 in Warren County, Virginia. He entered Dickinson College, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and the Belles Lettres Literary Society. He graduated with the class of 1858. From 1858 to 1859 Cloud taught at Charlotte Hall, Maryland, and from 1859 to 1860 he taught at Salina, Alabama. In 1860, he accepted a position at the Biblical Institute in Conrad, New Hampshire.

With the start of the Civil War, Cloud returned to Virginia where he joined the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Captain Ashby. After being promoted to captain in 1863, he transferred to the Secret Service of the Confederacy. Under the command of his college roommate, Captain Thomas N. Conrad, Cloud helped to coordinate Confederate spies in Washington, D. C. and the transportation of intelligence to Richmond. At one point Cloud and Conrad planned to abduct President Lincoln, but their plans fell through.

After the war, Cloud became superintendent of public schools in Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1865. He was later admitted to the Bar in Vicksburg, where he remained for the rest of his life. Daniel Mountjoy Cloud died on May 31, 1871.

David Bachman Brunner was born on March 7, 1835 in Amity Township, Pennsylvania in what is now Washington County but then Berks.  His Lutheran father, John Brunner, was a carpenter who purchased an area farm soon after David was born.  His mother was Elizabeth Bachman Brunner and he was one of seven children.  David Brunner attended the local log schoolhouse of Daniel Lee from the time he was seven and was apprenticed as a carpenter when he was twelve.  He continued his education beyond this, however, and attended the Freeland Academy (now Ursinus College) for long enough to earn money as a local teacher himself.  Determined to study the classics further, he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1856 at the relatively late age of twenty-one.  He was an active member of the Union Philosophical Society and graduated with his class in 1860.

Returning home to Amityville and his first love of teaching, he opened a private school and then purchased the almost defunct Reading Classical Academy and operated it for much of four decades under the names Reading Scientific Academy, and Reading Scientific and Business College.  He was also county superintendent of schools for six years between 1869 and 1875 and also served as head of Reading schools in 1881.  Having built a statewide reputation as an educator, he was also an ardent Democrat and in August, 1888 he won nomination as member of Congress from the Ninth Congressional District of Pennsylvania after a stiff contest.  He was elected to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses, serving from March 1889 to March 1893, when he declined further nomination. During his final year in Congress he was the chair of the House Committee on Education.

His hobbies were mineralogy and the collection and analysis of Native American relics from his home area.  Among other works, he published his well regarded Indians of Berks County in 1881.  He had married in 1861 Amanda Rhoads of Amity Township and they had five children.  David B. Brunner died at his home in Reading on November 29, 1903 and is buried in the family plot in the Amityville Cemetery. He was sixty-eight years old.

David Benjamin Herman was born in Silver Spring Township in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania on December 29, 1844.  He entered Dickinson College in nearby Carlisle and graduated with the class of 1865.  While at the College, Herman had been active in the Belles Lettres Society and was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma.  He studied law in Carlisle with his elder brother, Michael Christian Herman of the Dickinson class of 1862, and was admitted to the Cumberland County bar in January 1867 although he left for the western territories that same spring.

Herman quickly engaged himself in the cattle trade in Iowa and expanded his operations into Nebraska with the opening of the territory during those years.  The natives of the Plains did not submit without a fight, and in the climactic year of the wars that followed, 1876, David Herman was killed by hostile Lakota Sioux on the North Platte River on May 20, just a month before Crook's defeat at the Rosebud and Custer's disaster at the Little Big Horn.  Family information indicated that he was intending to end his business and return to Carlisle.  He was killed on December 29, 1876.  He was thirty-one years old.

David F. Woods was born in Dickinson Township, Pennsylvania on September 16, 1837, the son of Richard and Mary Jane Sterrett Woods. He was educated in local schools but prepared for higher education in an academy connected with his uncle, the Reverend David Sterrett Woods, in present day Juniata County. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, near his birthplace, in 1856 as a sophomore with the class of 1859. He graduated with his class and, for a time, went to Huntington, Pennsylvania to work in the banking house of Bell, Garretson, and Company. He wearied of this career choice quickly and his family funded his study of medicine in Philadelphia, some of it with fellow Dickinsonian and Cumberland County native Dr. R.A.F. Penrose. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a medical doctorate in 1862.

Woods was a resident at the Blockley Hospital for a year and then at the Episcopal Hospital in 1864. He opened his own practice on South Thirteenth Street in Philadelphia in the spring of 1865. He also assisted in instruction with the University of Pennsylvania medical school, though he was forced to give up much of this work when his practice became so successful and popular that he had to move to North Fifteenth Street. In 1872, he gave up teaching completely. He did continue with visiting duties at the Episcopal Hospital and, for a long period, at the Presbyterian Hospital in the city.

In October 1860, Woods married Helen R. Stewart of Philadelphia. He died of pneumonia in the city on July 28, 1910. He was seventy-three years old.

David Harrison Walton was born on October 21, 1830 in Shenandoah County, Virginia, near the town of Woodstock. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1854. He was a superior student and a member of the Union Philosophical Society. Following his undergraduate years, he studied law in Lexington, Virginia.

He practiced law, and when the Civil War broke out he helped raise a company in his home county that became Company K of the 33rd Virginia Infantry, nicknamed the "Shenandoah Sharpshooters," and was commissioned as its first commander. The unit became a part of the Stonewall Brigade that fought famously at the first Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). In June 1862, with the regiment and brigade suffering some discipline and leadership problems, Walton was reduced to the ranks of the 33rd. He fought as an enlisted man and was wounded at the second encounter at Bull Run (Manassas) in August 1862 and was soon restored to the rank of lieutenant before the unit was engaged at Antietam (Sharpsburg) in September 1862. He continued with the 33rd and was wounded in action at Cedar Creek in October 1864.

Following the war, he returned to law practice in Woodstock. David Harrison Walton died in his hometown on July 7, 1876 and was buried in the Massanutten Cemetery in Woodstock. He was forty-five years old.

David McConaughy was born on September 29, 1775 in Menallen, Pennsylvania, six miles from Gettysburg in what was then York County.  He was tutored locally and attended the Rev. Alexander Dobbin's classical School in Gettysburg.  He attended Dickinson College in nearby Carlisle. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and graduated in September 1795 with the honor of being assigned the Latin Salutary.  He continued his studies in theology under Rev. Nathan Grier and on October 5, 1797, the New Castle presbytery licensed him to preach.

After a time as a traveling preacher, he became the head of the congregation at Upper Marsh Creek in October 1800.  When in 1813 the new Adams County seat was inaugurated in nearby Gettysburg, the church moved into town.  In the ensuing two decades, McConaughy became an active figure in Gettysburg, founding a grammar school in 1807, which the county took over in 1812, as well as founding and serving as first president of the first Temperance Society in Adams County.  His reputation as a teacher led Washington College to offer him the post of president in March 1830.  Although he did not accept initially due to family difficulties, he accepted the trustees' second offer in December 1831.  Installed in May 1832, he served Washington College through difficult times for more than sixteen years until his retirement at age 74 in 1849.

He married Mary Mahon of Shippensburg in the spring of 1802.  She lived to survive him after fifty years of marriage, though they had no children.  David McConaughy died at his home in Washington, Pennsylvania on January 29, 1852.

Duke Slavens was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky on August 5, 1840.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1859. As a student, Slavens became a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society.  He graduated with his class.

Slavens returned to Kentucky and began preaching in the Methodist Episcopal Church while still nineteen.  He served as a pastor in Illinois and Arkansas, then moved west in 1886 to join the Nebraska Conference.  There, Slavens ministered at LaSalle St. Beatrice, Palmyra, Bennet, Rising City, and Adam. He was also the presiding elder of the York District in the conference and a member of the conference's Standing Committee on Freedman's Aid and Southern Education.

Slavens married Mary Taylor in 1861, and the couple had six children.  He retired in 1903 and took up residence in Odell, Nebraska.  In January 1920, Slavens and his wife joined their married daughter in the milder climate of Bay City, Texas.  Suffering badly from rheumatism, Duke Slavens died in Bay City on September 14, 1920.  He was eighty years old.

Elbridge H. Gerry was born in York County, Pennsylvania in the borough of Shrewsbury on October 18, 1836 to James and Salome Hoffman Gerry.  His father was prominent Methodist and Democrat in the area and three years after his son was born served two term in the United States Congress.  Elbridge attended the local public school and the Shrewsbury Academy and then, in 1858, entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1861.  While at the College he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and became a member of Sigma Chi.  He was graduated with his class and took up school teaching.  After three years, he followed his father's path to the University of Maryland Medical School and graduated in 1867.

He joined the family practice in Shrewsbury under his father until the older Doctor Gerry's retirement in 1870 and then with his brother James, who also attended Dickinson, until 1888.  From then he ran the practice alone and built a lucrative and large network of patients in the county.  He was also very active in civic affairs and local politics.  He was like his father a Democrat and was a regular delegate to county and state party conventions and served in the borough council.  He also was a director of the Shrewsbury Savings Institution.  He continued family tradition in the Methodist Church, too, and was lay delegate and sunday school superintendent.

He had married in 1868 Anna Mitchell Scarborough of Baltimore but she had passed away after three years of marriage.  He married again, to Arabella Beck McAbee of Shrewsbury and the couple had four sons and a daughter.  After long service to his home town, Elbridge Hoffman Gerry died in Shrewsbury in the early years of the new century, around 1903.

Eli Saulsbury was born as the middle child of three sons of William and Margaret Smith Saulsbury, wealthy landowners in Kent County, Delaware, on December 29, 1817. He was schooled locally and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1843 in 1839. A member of Belle Lettres Literary Society, he remained at the College for only one year before returning to the family estate.

He became a representative for his home state in 1853 and was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1857, beginning a law practice in Dover. The three Saulsbury siblings, all staunch democrats, were active in politics. His younger brother Willard, Dickinson class of 1842, served as a United States senator and his elder brother, Gove, was governor of Delaware. In 1871 Willard retired, and supported Eli in his successful bid against Gove to fill the vacancy.

Eli Saulsbury served three terms in the United States Senate, including a stint on the Committee on Privileges and Elections. His public service came to an end in the election of 1888, when political divisions enabled the Republicans to claim the seat. Defeated, he returned to his estate in Delaware. Eli Saulsbury died on March 22, 1893. He was never married.

Erastus Wentworth was born in Stonington, Connecticut on August 5, 1813. He was educated at local and Congregationalist schools till at eighteen he converted to Methodism at a revival. He attended the Cazenovia Seminary beginning in 1832 and by 1837 had earned an undergraduate degree at Wesleyan University.

He embarked on his teaching career at Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary in 1838, serving under the young Jesse Truesdell Peck. He followed Peck to his new post as head of the Troy Conference Academy in Poultney, Vermont in 1841. In 1846 Wentworth himself was named to the presidency of McKendree College in Lebanon, Illinois. In 1850 he was unanimously elected to the chair of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, replacing Spencer Fullerton Baird who had resigned to accept a position as Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. His old mentor Peck was again involved in this appointment as he was currently serving as the tenth president of Dickinson. Allegheny College had awarded him a doctorate in 1850, and Doctor Wentworth's combination of preaching skills and a witty but gentle sarcasm made him a extremely popular professor among students at the College over the next four years. But in 1854, he resigned his position to lead a Methodist Mission to Foochow in China, taking with him some of the Dickinson graduating class, notably Otis Gibson.

He served in China until 1862 when the declining health of his wife forced the couple's return to the Troy Conference as a pastor. In 1872, he was named as editor of the Ladies Repository which was then published in Cincinnati, Ohio. He left this post four years later and entered a semi-retirement mostly spent writing and serving on committees for the Methodist Church. On May 26, 1886, Erastus Wentworth died at his home in Sandy Hill, New York. He was seventy-three years old.

Ernest Dudley Martin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 1, 1843 the second son of William and Sarah Ann Smith Martin. He matriculated at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1864 but did not complete his degree, leaving during his junior year. While enrolled he was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma and gained membership to the Union Philosophical Society. He left to pursue medical training at the University of Philadelphia, and by January 1865 he was applying for a position with the U.S. Navy as an assistant surgeon. He was examined at the Naval Hospital in Philadelphia and passed as qualified on March 9, 1865 and was appointed as acting assistant surgeon with a monthly salary of $104. He was ordered to the receiving ship Princeton at the Philadelphia Naval Yard in mid March; he was then required to take passage aboard the USS Bermuda for Key West, Florida and to report for duty as a relief surgeon aboard the USS Fort Henry. His orders changed several times soon after, however. First, he was ordered to take passage from New York to Florida aboard the USS Florida, then, while in New York, he was detached from his assignment to the Fort Henry, and was instead to await orders in New York in early June. In the meantime the Civil War had ended, and thus he resigned his acting commission and received an honorable discharge on October 9, 1865.

In March 1866, Martin again made an application for the position of acting naval surgeon. He signed his name as a medical doctor and this request bore the endorsement of medical faculty members at the University of Philadelphia. He again passed the examination on March 30, 1866, and was re-appointed as acting assistant surgeon on April 27, 1866 at the age of twenty-two. Soon he was back on the USS Princeton in the Philadelphia Yard. He received his commission as full assistant surgeon on the active list from the U.S. Senate and President Johnson on June 18, 1866. Martin then spent several months at the Philadelphia Yard as a relief surgeon aboard the USS Constellation, which had replaced the Princeton as receiving vessel for the port. On December 7, 1866, he reported for duty at the New York Naval Yard hospital. He took a week's leave in April and September 1867 to visit his family before receiving orders for sea duty aboard the USS Powhatan, then the newest and most powerful first rate ship in the Navy. His new ship was part of the Pacific Squadron, however, and Martin traveled aboard a mail packet from New York to Cellao Bay in Peru and then by the USS Fredonia to Valparaíso in Chile where he finally joined his first sea assignment on November 27, 1867.

Ernest Martin's naval career was to be tragically short. The Powhatan sailed from Valparaiso to avoid an epidemic of yellow fever, only to reach Panama where the fleet suffered an outbreak. Sailing again to protect its men did not prevent the deaths of several officers and crew, including Ernest Dudley Martin, who died on July 16, 1868, two weeks after his twenty-fifth birthday. He was buried at sea.

Ferdinand Gorgas was born in Winchester, Virginia to John DeLancy and Mary Ann Gorgas on July 27, 1835.  He prepared for his undergraduate years at the Dickinson College Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and then entered the college proper with the class of 1854 in the autumn of 1850.  Gorgas was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class.  Following commencement, he entered the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, earning his D.D.S. in 1855.

In 1857, Gorgas took up a faculty position - termed at the time "demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry" - at his old dental college. In 1860 he was promoted to full professor, succeeding the school's founder, Chapin Harris.  Aware of the importance of medicine to dentistry, he also studied simultaneously at the University of Maryland. Gorgas gained his M.D. in 1863, completing his thesis on "the fracture of bones."  He then enlisted in the United States Army as an assistant surgeon and served until the end of the Civil War.  On his return in 1865, Gorgas was named as dean of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. He remained there until 1882, when he accepted the post of founding dean and professor of dental science in the new dental school at the University of Maryland.  Gorgas published prolifically and is remembered as one of the pioneers of modern dentistry. His major work was Dental Medicine, A Manual of Dental Materia Medica and Therapeutics, drawn from years of classroom lectures. It was first published in 1884 and reprinted seven times.

Gorgas married Anna E. Swormstedt.  Ferdinand Gorgas died at his home in Hamilton Terrace, Baltimore on April 8, 1914.  He was seventy-eight years old.

Born on January 30, 1830 near Mifflinburg in Union County, Pennsylvania, Flavel Barber entered Dickinson in 1848 as a junior.  He was a member of the Union Philosophical Society and graduated with the class of 1850, receiving his bachelor of arts degree.

After graduation, Barber moved to Pulaski, Tennessee and took the position as principal of an academy there.  He was also admitted to the Tennessee bar.

Although northern-born, Barber joined the Confederate States Army as a captain; he was later promoted to major in the Third Tennessee Division.  He was taken prisoner in February 1862 at Fort Donelson and was exchanged in September of that year.  He was later killed during the Atlanta campaign in May 1864.

Francis Smith Findlay, known universally and in some official records as "Frank," was born in Abingdon, in Washington County, Virginia on June 9, 1834. He was the son of a moderately wealthy Irish immigrant farmer named Alexander Findlay and his Virginian born wife, Catherine Ann Spiller Findlay. He was schooled locally, worked as a clerk for a merchant in Abingdon and then prepared for college at the Abingdon Academy. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the fall of 1853 with the class of 1857. He was a popular and lively student, a close friend of Horatio Collins King of his class, and a fellow founder member of the controversial Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity chapter at the College. He was also elected to the Union Philosophical Society. He graduated with his class in the early summer of 1857, returned to Abingdon and took up the study of law.

During the Civil War, he served in the Confederate forces, gaining a commission as captain and raising a cavalry company locally in Washington County for the 4th Regiment of the Virginia Line in 1862. He commanded the company in the fighting around Prestonburg, Kentucky in December 1862 and was wounded there. Following the war, he returned to Abingdon to practice law, work as an architect, and serve as an agent for the railroad.

He had married Julia A. Gardner in October 1866 and the couple had two sons, Charles and Alexander, before Julia died in 1877. Findlay remarried in October 1880 to Bessie G. Paine of Richmond, Virginia. Frank Smith Findlay died at his home in Abingdon on September 5, 1905. He was seventy one years old.

Francis (Frank) Sutton Livingston was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on August 3, 1838. His father was William Townsend Livingston, an American merchant who arrived in the port city in that decade and settled into business as a shipper, wool factor, and merchant on Calle Victoria.  Francis Livingston's mother was Elizabeth Louisa Lord Evans, the widow of English merchant John Evans. Livingston entered Dickinson College with the class of 1861.  While at the College, he was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was elected to the Belles Lettres Society.  Livingston did not complete his program and left to study law in Albany, New York, his father's home city.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Livingston enlisted as a junior officer in Company A of the Fifteenth New York Engineers and served throughout the war. He was employed as a staff officer under General Henry W. Benham for much of that time.  At conflict's end, Livingston joined the family business and was involved in politics as a friend and collaborator of Bartolome Mitre, president of Argentina (1862-1868) and founder of La Nacion. Livingston was himself elected as a deputy to the Argentine Congress in 1874. He also served as a colonel in the Eighty Fourth Regiment of Infantry in the political turmoil of 1889 in support of Mitre's maneuverings.  Livingston prospered during the period and was a director of the Central Northern Railway and the concessionaire of the first tramway services in Buenos Aires.

Livingston married Chilean-born Eliza Gomez in February 1868, and the couple had eight sons and six daughters.  The family worshipped as Livingston's parents had, at the St. John's Anglican Church in Buenos Aires.  Frank Sutton Livingston died on August 28, 1915 in that city.  He was seventy-seven years old.

Frederick Watts was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on May 9, 1801.  His father was David Watts, a prominent lawyer and member of the first class to graduate from the local Dickinson College.  Frederick entered Dickinson with the class of 1819 but did not graduate due to the temporary closing of the College in 1816.  The younger Watts went to live with his uncle, William Miles, on his farm in Erie County after the death of David Watts in 1819.  His brother, Henry Miller Watts, did graduate from the College in 1824.

He returned to Carlisle to study law under Andrew Carothers, a successful attorney and former student of his father.   The two eventually went into practice together.  As court reporter for the western division of the State Supreme Court between 1829 and 1845, he was responsible for the publication of  twenty-two volumes and thousands of pages of proceedings over twenty years.  In 1849 he was appointed as president judge of the Ninth Judicial District Court.  His local legal career continued in partnership with John Brown Parker after the death of Carothers in 1836.  A Whig and a member of St. John's Episcopal Church, Watts became a community leader, and expanded his interests into the business sphere.  He was instrumental in the redevelopment of the Cumberland County Railroad, becoming its president in 1841; he later organized the Carlisle Gas and Water Company in 1854.  He served as a member of the Dickinson College Board of Trustees from 1828 to 1833, and again from 1841 to 1844.

He built up a strong reputation as an agricultural reformer, introducing new crops to the county and sponsoring the first demonstration of the McCormick reaper in the state.  He established near Carlisle, on the Ritner Highway, an 116 acre farm which remained in operation until 1988.  In January 1851, he became a founder and the first president of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society located in Harrisburg.  In this capacity he assisted in the legislation of 1854 and 1855 to create a "Farmers’ High School" which was designed to provide a collegiate but practical education for the sons of farmers to learn their family trade.  The agricultural college - which developed into the Pennsylvania State College - emerged in Centre County with Watts as the first head of its Board of Trustees.  In 1871, President Grant appointed him to the post of United States Commissioner of Agriculture.  He served for six years - encouraging the establishment of land grant colleges, developing what would become the Forestry Division, and creating standards for meteorological reporting.  He retired from federal service in June 1877 and returned to Carlisle.

Watts married Eliza Cranston in 1827 and the couple had three daughters.  After Eliza's death in 1832, he married Henrietta Edge in March 1835.  To this union were born five sons and another daughter, all of whom survived him.  On August 17, 1889, Frederick Watts died in Carlisle at the age of 88.

George Baylor was born on February 13, 1842 at "Wood End," Jefferson County, Virginia. He was one of three sons of Colonel Robert William Baylor, who led the Virginia cavalry militia in defense of Harper's Ferry during John Brown's Raid in October 1859. The younger Baylor was schooled at the Charlestown Academy and enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1857. There, he became a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society. He graduated with his class in the early summer of 1860 and took a position as an assistant teacher under his old academy instructor, R. Jaquelin Ambler, at the Clifton High School near Markham in Farquier County, Virginia.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Baylor enlisted in May 1861 as a private in Company G of the Second Virginia Infantry and fought as part of the "Stonewall Brigade" at the Battle of First Manassas. In early 1862, he joined the company of cavalry his father had raised, called "Baylor's Light Horse," which became Company B of the Twelfth Virginia Cavalry. He was appointed third lieutenant and, following action in the Shenandoah Valley, took command of the company after his father was wounded and captured. From then on, the young Baylor gained a reputation as one of the most resourceful junior cavalry leaders of the war. He himself was wounded and captured during a raid in February 1863, but was exchanged in April of that year and rejoined his men. As part of Stuart's Cavalry Corps, the Twelfth Virginia took part in almost constant action during 1863. At Warrenton Springs, Baylor's company won the singular honor of a ten-day furlough on the personal order of General Lee for a remarkable charge across a stream that turned the day. Baylor was wounded again with a gunshot wound to the shoulder during a raid on enemy wagons at Medley, Virginia in January 1864. He did not return to action until May 1864, when his unit opened the Battle of the Wilderness.

Baylor's subsequent raiding further enhanced his reputation, especially when he attacked a unit of the Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry in his hometown of Charlestown, capturing twenty-seven men and horses. In April 1865, he joined Mosby's Cavalry as commander of Company H of the Forty-third Virginia Cavalry and continued raiding along communication lines. On at least one of these occasions, he faced a fellow Dickinsonian. On April 10, 1865, Colonel Charles Albright, class of 1852, reported that he had met a raid from Captain Baylor and "whipped him like thunder." Baylor also initiated an enduring Dickinson legend in May 1864 while in pursuit of Union forces withdrawing from their raid on Trevilan. During this conflict, he was hit in the chest with a bullet that struck the Union Philosophical Society badge he always wore on his uniform. He thought he had been killed, but one of his men was able to remove the spent ball, for it had barely broken the skin. The bullet tore the shield off the badge and bent its Maltese cross, but the talisman took much of the remaining force from what was probably already a fairly spent round. When the end of the war came, Baylor surrendered at Winchester on May 8, 1865. His two eldest brothers died in action during the war.

When Baylor returned to civilian life, he completed a law degree at Washington and Lee College in 1867 and then moved to Kansas City, Missouri to practice. After five years in the West, he returned home to Charlestown and built a lucrative law practice with William L. Wilson. Baylor also served a four-year term as prosecuting attorney for Jefferson County. He later became the chief legal counsel for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the line that he had raided with such enthusiasm as a young man.

In April 1872, Baylor married Lalia Louise Beatty of Maryland. George Baylor died on March 6, 1902 and was buried in the Zion Episcopal Church Cemetery in Charlestown, West Virginia. He was sixty years old.

George David Cummins was born near Smyrna in Kent County, Delaware on December 11, 1822, the son of George and Maria Durburow Cummins.  When the younger George was just 4 years old, his father died, leaving him to be raised by his mother and uncles.  He received his early education in Newark, Delaware before enrolling in Dickinson College as a member of the class of 1840 at the age of fourteen. While at the College Cummins was an active member of the Union Philosophical Society.  However, in the spring of 1840 he suffered from poor health due to an enlarged heart, and was forced to withdraw from the College.  After recuperating for a year, Cummins returned to Dickinson and graduated with the class of 1841 as its valedictorian.

Upon graduating, Cummins entered the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Church but was ordained in the Episcopal Church as a deacon in 1845 and as a priest in 1847.  He served parishes in Baltimore, Maryland, Norfolk, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.  His skills as a preacher brought him prominence and advancement in the church.  He returned to Baltimore in 1858, moved on to Chicago in 1863, and in November 1866 was consecrated as the assistant bishop of Kentucky at age 44.

His first contribution in Kentucky was to aid in the reuniting of the church following the American Civil War.  This did not stop him from becoming increasingly distressed with the direction that he saw the post-war Episcopal Church taking.  Perhaps remembering his Methodist roots at Dickinson and in Baltimore that had already influenced his preaching and his position on the evangelical wing of the church, he continuously clashed with his superior in Kentucky, Bishop Benjamin Bosworth Smith.  He also was at odds with the notoriously anti- Evangelical Bishop Whitehouse of Illinois, who even tried to stop Cummins from preaching in his diocese.  After the Convention of 1871 failed to stem what he saw as the creeping ritualism and Anglo-Catholic doctrines making their way into the Episcopal Church, Cummins had had enough.  On November 10, 1873, he notified Bishop Smith that he was setting out to do God's work elsewhere, left his post in Kentucky, and removed himself to New York City.  There, after meetings with other like minded clergy and laity on December 2, 1873, he organized officially what was to become the "Reformed Episcopal Church."  Ten days later, he consecrated Reverend Charles Cheney of Christ Church in Chicago as the second bishop of the new church.  On June 24, 1874, he was deposed formally from the Episcopal Church.  Though small, his new church survived, and was incorporated also in Canada in June 1886.  Today it continues to hold to the early Evangelicalism of the sixteenth century Church of England, preaching the power of Grace and the primacy of the Elizabethan Thirty-Nine Articles.

Cummins married Alexandrina Macomb of West Virginia on June 24, 1847.  The couple had several children.  George David Cummins died of a sudden illness in Lutherville, Maryland on June 26, 1876, three years after the founding of the new sect.

George F. Round was born on January 5, 1840 in Newton County, Georgia. He was the eldest son of Methodist minister George Hopkins Round and his wife, Mary Louisa McCants Round. Round grew up in Cokesburg, South Carolina. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 1861. His brother, William Capers Round, joined him in the class of 1863. While at the College, George Round was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and became a member of Phi Kappa Psi. He did not finish his degree, however, for he withdrew from Dickinson and returned home when the war began.

Round enlisted in Company K (Spartan Rifles) of the Fifth South Carolina Volunteer Infantry in Spartanburg, South Carolina. How much fighting he saw personally is unclear, but the Fifth South Carolina was in action in some of the fiercest fighting of the war. They were in A.P. Hill's Division, then in Longstreet's, and at Gettysburg served as a part of Pickett's Division. The Fifth South Carolina ended the war at Appomattox Court House as a part of Bratton's Division. Round's brother William did not survive the conflict.

Following the war, Round returned to his studies, this time at Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina. After graduation, he entered the Methodist ministry under the South Carolina Conference, serving in Anderson County in his early years. Round was a pastor in Caldwell County, North Carolina for a time and then, in 1885, went west to Oregon and served at Newbern in Yamhill County. He spent the rest of his life in the state and affiliated with the Oregon Conference in 1888.

In March 1867, while in Anderson County, Round married local girl Julia Hammond. The couple had five children, three boys and two girls. Around 1880, Julia died and Round married Louisa Painter, a woman of his age and a native of Caldwell County. They had no children. George F. Round died in Canyon City, Oregon on May 2, 1928. He was eighty-eight years old.

George Henry Zimmerman was born to Joshua and Elizabeth Zimmerman on September 20, 1838 in Baltimore County, Maryland. He prepared for undergraduate studies at Washington College in Maryland and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1859. While at the College he became a member of Phi Kappa Sigman fraternity and was elected to the Belles Lettres Society. Following graduation in the early summer of 1859, he studied as a Methodist clergyman and was accepted as a member of the Baltimore Conference.

He filled various pastorates, including Moorefield, West Virginia between 1876 and 1879, at Easton, Maryland from 1879 to 1882, in Woodstock, Virginia 1886-1888, West River, Maryland 1888-1892, and Hyattsville, Maryland 1892-94. He was a presiding elder over the Roanoke District between 1882 and 1886 and over the Moorefield District between 1894 and 1898. In 1898 he took up the editorship of the Christian Advocate, shortly before his death.

In October 1866, he had married Henrietta Ann Rowe of Charles County, Maryland and the couple had three sons. George Henry Zimmerman died on November 3, 1898. He was sixty years old.

George Purnell Fisher was born in Milford, Delaware on October 13, 1817 to Thomas Fisher (twice high sheriff of Kent County) and his third wife Nancy Owens Fisher. He went to schools in the county, attended St. Mary's College in Baltimore, Maryland briefly in 1835 and then enrolled at Dickinson College with the class of 1838. A Methodist at the Methodist sponsored college, he was a member of the Belles Lettres Society before graduating with his class. Studying afterwards in the law, he joined the Dover law firm of John M. Clayton, a family friend, and combined his studies with tutoring the young Clayton children. He was called to the Delaware bar in April 1841 and began practice in Dover.

Fisher became involved very swiftly in state politics. He served as clerk of the state senate in 1843 and then was elected to the state house as representative for Kent County. Governor Joseph Maull, a Democrat, named him as secretary of state for Delaware on March 5, 1846 and Maull's successor, William Temple, reappointed him. His old mentor, John Clayton, became United States Secretary of State and took Fisher to Washington with him as his confidential clerk. This expanded his experience to diplomacy, aiding his chief in the framing of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, signed on April 19, 1850, that calmed Anglo-American tensions in central America that the idea of a trans-Nicaragua canal had raised. President Taylor also sent him to South America as a commissioner of claims in a dispute with Brazil between 1850 and 1852.

Fisher tended to impress those in authority who observed him - beyond his talents he was over six foot tall and had a military bearing. In July, 1850, when Zachary Taylor died suddenly, he served as temporary private secretary to the incoming Millard Fillmore, until the new president's son took up the permanent appointment. Following his time in Washington, the American Party Governor, Peter Foster Causey, appointed him in March 1855 to a five year term as the attorney general of Delaware. As the Civil War loomed, he was elected against the odds to the United States Congress as a Unionist in the pivotal 1860 election and served from 1861-1863. Meanwhile, he also helped organize the military effort in his state, being named as the colonel of the 1st Delaware Cavalry. In Washington, D.C., he had caught the eye of President Lincoln, who took him as a confidant and advisor concerning Delaware. Lincoln enlisted Fisher and his fellow Dickinsonian from the state, Nathaniel Smithers, in his plan for gradual and compensated emancipation of Delawware slaves in 1862. The plan - to free ten percent of slaves per year with compensation - saw bills written in both houses of the legislature but defeated as too cautious by members committed to abolition.

When Fisher was defeated as a Republican in the 1862 election, Lincoln appointed him as one of the four justices to the new Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. He was confirmed on March 11, 1863 and served in that post till May 1870. Ironically, his most famous case involved the trial of John Harrison Surratt, one of the accused assassins of his friend Abraham Lincoln. The trial opened on June 10, 1867 and ended in a hung jury and Surratt's release but Fisher won widespread praise for his conduct of a difficult trial. In May 1870, he left the bench when another president who had taken him as a confidant, Ulysses S. Grant, appointed him as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. He was in that post until 1875 when he returned to Delaware. Fisher returned to his last public service when President Benjamin Harrison named him on May 31, 1889 to a four year appointment as the first auditor of the United States Treasury. On March 23, 1893, the seventy-four year old Fisher returned at last to Delaware to resume private life in retirement.

Fisher married Eliza A. McColley of Milford in 1840 and the couple had two boys and two girls. George Purnell Fisher died after a short illness in Washington D.C. on February 10, 1899 and is buried in the Methodist Cemetery in Dover Delaware. He was eighty-one years old.

George Crooks was born on February 3, 1822, the son of George Richard Crooks, Sr. of Philadelphia.  He was a member of the class of 1840, and graduated with the highest honors.  Crooks served as an itinerant preacher first on the Canton circuit of Illinois in 1841, then on the frontier.  He returned to his alma mater in the fall of 1841 as a tutor in the Dickinson Grammar School.  In 1843, Crooks was promoted to principal of the Grammar School, a position that he filled until 1848.  From 1846 to 1848, he also served as adjunct professor of Latin and Greek in the college.

Crooks resigned from the college in 1848 when his mentor, Professor John McClintock, resigned.  He filled posts as a Methodist preacher for the Philadelphia Conference until 1857, when he transferred his affiliation to the New York East Conference.  Crooks edited The Methodist from 1860 until 1875; one year later, he retired from the conference.  In 1880 Crooks joined McClintock at the Drew Theological Seminary, teaching church history there until 1897.  During his lifetime, Crooks received two honorary degrees from Dickinson College: the first in 1857 and the second in 1873.

He was a prolific author, often collaborating with others.  With McClintock, he wrote A First Book in Latin (1846) and A First Book in Greek (1848).  With Alexander Schem he wrote A New Latin-English School-Lexicon on the Basis of the Latin-German Lexicon of Dr. C.F. Ingerslev (1858) and with Bishop John Hurst he edited the Library of Biblical and Theological Literature. Alone he wrote the Life and Letters of Rev. Dr. John McClintock (1876) as well as a biography of Bishop Matthew Simpson in 1890.

In June 1846 he married Susan Frances Emory, daughter of Bishop John Emory.  George Richard Crooks died on February 20, 1897.

George Sweeney was born on November 1, 1796 near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, twenty five miles to the north, and graduated with the class of 1815.  Following his graduation, he studied law in Gettysburg and was admitted to the bar there in 1820.

For ten years Sweeney practiced law in Gettysburg and then moved west to Bucyrus in Crawford County, Ohio in 1830.  He was named as the prosecutor of Crawford in 1837 and then was elected in the fall of 1838 as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress from his district, the 14th of Ohio.  Although Sweeney was re-elected to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840, he was not a candidate in 1842.  He moved for a time to Geneseo, Illinois to practice law in 1853, but returned to Bucyrus in 1856.  Sweeney was once again elected as district attorney for Crawford County before he retired.

Sweeney gave up his profession in later years to concentrate on the literary and scientific pursuits that had interested him his whole life.  On October 10, 1877, George Sweeney died in Bucyrus, Ohio and was buried in the Oakwood Cemetery there.  He was eighty years old.

George Tankard Garrison was born the son of James R. Garrison and Susan P. Tankard Garrison in Accomac County on Virginia's "eastern shore" on January 14, 1835. He enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1854. A popular student, he was a member of the notorious Zeta Psi fraternity forced to disband in 1853. He walked with a limp since childhood and used a cane. He graduated with his class and entered the University of Virginia Law School and graduated there in 1857.

He opened a practice in his home county but on the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate armed forces as a private, despite his disability. His main service to his home state during the war came as a legislator, though, since he was elected to the house of delegates and served there between 1861 and 1863. He then was a member of the state senate from 1863 to the end of the war. Just after the war, from May 1865, he briefly represented Captain Richard B. Winder, accused and imprisoned for war crimes at Andersonville Prison. In the elevated atmosphere following Lincoln's murder and the revelations over the treatment of Union prisoners in Confederate hands, Garrison himself was in fact arrested and imprisoned for a short time as he represented Winder.

Following the war, he resumed his practice in Accomac County and also took up farming. In 1870 he began an eleven year service as an elected judge of the Virginia Eighth Circuit. In 1881 he resigned to seek election to the United States Congress as a Democrat. He served in the 47th U.S. Congress and then, in 1883, he lost a re-election bid by one vote in more than twenty thousand votes cast. He contested this result, won his appeal, and was seated for his second term in the 48th U.S. Congress. Following this service, he returned in 1885 to private practice and later was elected as county judge of Accomac County.

Garrison had married Charlotte Ailworth of Accomac on September 19, 1867 and the couple had one child. George Tankard Garrison died in Accomac on November 14, 1889 and was buried in the Edgehill Cemetery. He was sixty-four years old.

George Washington Bethune was born into the devout and wealthy family of Divie and Joanna Graham Bethune of New York City on March 18, 1805.  His father was a highly successful merchant of Huguenot extraction and both his parents had been born in Scotland.  George was privately tutored at home, attended school in Salem, New York, and entered Columbia College in 1819.  In January 1822, upon the re-opening of Dickinson College under President John Mason, Bethune came to Carlisle and enrolled and graduated in June 1823.  He then studied theology at Princeton and served briefly on a mission to seamen in Charleston, South Carolina in 1826 before being ordained in the Second Presbytery of New York in November 1827.

A Calvinist, Bethune joined the Dutch Reformed Church and took up his first pastorate in Rhinebeck, New York.  He remained there until 1830, when he moved to Utica for four years, and from there, thanks to growing reputation as an eloquent preacher, to the First and Third Churches in Philadelphia, where he served for fifteen years.  In 1850, he returned to his home city, taking up the reigns of the newly organized "Reformed Dutch Church on the Heights" in Brooklyn Heights for nine years.  His reputation as preacher, author, and activist was by this time very strong.  He was offered in turn the chaplaincy of the U.S. Military Academy, the chancellorship of New York University, and the provostship of the University of Pennsylvania, but turned them all down to concentrate on his own varied work.

A student of literature, Bethune wrote or edited several well regarded books, including an edited collection of The British Female Poets, with Biographical and Critical Notices (1848).  His own poems, Lays of Love and Faith came out the same year.  In 1847 he edited the first edition in the United States of Izaac Walton's The Compleat Angler, adding an introductory history and an almost complete bibliography.  Although an avid fisherman with a collection of more than 700 books on the subject, he was forced to publish this book anonymously, in keeping with Calvinist ideas about the suitability of such a hobby for a clergyman.  Bethune was also an accomplished musician in his own right; his verse for more than a dozen hymns are still in use to this day.  

He was an outspoken Democrat in politics, opposed to slavery but unsympathetic to abolitionism, although he did urge his fellow Dickinsonian President James Buchanan to suppress pro slavery propaganda in the southern states.  Bethune was in fact a leading voice in the American Colonization Society overseeing the experiment in Liberia.  His last public appearance before leaving for Europe in April 1861 was a fiery oration at the huge meeting in Union Square, New York in support of patriotism and adherence to the Union.  He had retired from his position at Brooklyn Heights due to poor health, and was about to embark upon a second trip to Italy in order to restore his failing health.  However, George Bethune died at age 57 on April 28, 1862 of a stroke in Florence, where he had been residing for some months with his wife, Mary Williams, whom he had married in November 1825.

Gustavus C. Bird was born in West River, Maryland on January 4, 1839 to Benjamin Lee and Emily Eversfield Duvall Bird. His father was a prominent physician in the county.  Bird entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1857.  He was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was elected to the Belles Lettres Society.  After graduation in the summer of 1857, Bird attended theological seminary in Alexandria, Virginia.

After his ordination, Bird took up a pastorate in Centreville, Maryland.  He moved on to Grace Church in Honesdale, Pennsylvania and then was assistant rector at the Emmanuel Church in Baltimore.  In 1872 Bird settled as the rector of St. Martin's Protestant Episcopal Church in Marcus Hook on the Delaware River, which is in the extreme south-eastern corner of Pennsylvania. He served there for twenty-seven years.

Bird married Anna Louisa Hull of New York and the couple had five children between 1867 and 1882.  In March 1899, Reverend Bird suffered a nervous breakdown brought on by troubles in the parish.  His debilitation was severe enough for him to resign, to be placed in a sanitarium in nearby Lindwood, and his wife and family to move to Philadelphia.  Gustavus Claggett Bird died in the Lindwood institution on April 5, 1899.  He was sixty years old.

Harmar Denny was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 13, 1794, the eldest son of Nancy Wilkins and Ebenezer Denny. Nancy Wilkins was a sister to William Wilkins, who also attended Dickinson College and rose to the United States Cabinet under President John Tyler. Ebenezer Denny was a Revolutionary War soldier and the first mayor of Pittsburgh. Harmar, named after a fellow officer of his father, was schooled in his home city and then entered Dickinson College.  He graduated with the class of 1813.

Denny returned home to study law with Henry Baldwin, a future U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Baldwin took Denny into partnership when he was admitted to the bar in November 1816.  Denny began his political career when he went to Washington, D.C. with James S. Craft to represent the western part of Pennsylvania at a canal convention in November 1823. He then served as a member of the state house in Harrisburg between 1824 and 1829.  Late in 1829, Denny was elected as an Anti-Mason to fill the seat in the Twenty-first Congress made vacant when his uncle, William Wilkins, resigned.  Denny was re-elected three times and served from December 15, 1829 to March 3, 1837, moving to the Whig camp and serving as a strong supporter of the protective tariff.  He was not a candidate in 1836 and returned to private law practice in Pittsburgh.  Denny remained active in politics, though, acting as a delegate to the state convention that reformed the Pennsylvania Constitution in 1837 and 1838, and serving as a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1840.  He was urged to return to Congress in 1850, but ultimately declined.

By that point, Denny was heavily involved in the development of the Pennsylvania Railroad, incorporated in 1846, and the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad, incorporated in 1848.  He was also president of the Pittsburgh and Steubenville Railroad in 1850.  Denny became an important public figure in the area and served as a trustee of the Western University of Pennsylvania, now the University of Pittsburgh.  He was also a devout Presbyterian who rose to elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, which was led by Francis Herron, a member of Dickinson's class of 1794.  In addition, Denny was director of the Western Theological Seminary in Allegheny and in 1848 was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Denny married Elizabeth O'Hara in November 1817. Their children and their descendants carried on the strong family involvement in the western community.  The family name is commemorated on the Dickinson College campus by Denny Memorial Hall, built on land donated by Mathilda Denny in 1896.

Harmar Denny died in Pittsburgh on January 29, 1852 after a long and painful illness.  He was buried in the Allegheny Cemetery. Denny was fifty-seven years old.

Hendrick Bradley Wright was born on April 24, 1808, the oldest child of a farming and merchant family at Plymouth, Pennsylvania.  He attended local schools and the Wilkes-Barre Academy.  In May 1829, he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1831 but did not graduate. Instead, he returned to Wilkes-Barre in early 1831 to study law.

Admitted to the bar later that year, Wright began a legal career in the area.  By the age of 26, thanks to his reputation in court and his active support for Andrew Jackson, he was a colonel of militia and district attorney for Luzerne County.  He served in the Pennsylvania House and in 1843 was its speaker.  Circumstances of politics, including an animus with James Buchanan, halted his national political aspirations, but he was elected to Congress in 1852 and again in 1860 as a Democrat.  He returned to private life in 1863, supported George McClellan for president in 1864, and began to write extensively on matters of labor.  He drifted slowly from the older elements of the Democratic Party, though he was elected to Congress in 1876 and 1878, with labor support.

He married Mary Ann Bradley Robinson in 1835 and the couple had ten children.  Hendrick Bradley Wright died on September 2, 1881 in Wilkes-Barre and was buried in the Hollenback Cemetery.

Henry Lewis Baugher was born in Abbottstown, Adams County, Pennsylvania on July 19, 1804 to tanner Christian Frederick and his wife Ann Catharine Matter Baugher.  He was educated in Reverend David McConaughty's school in Gettysburg and entered Dickinson College in 1822.  He was admitted to the Belles Lettres Literary Society that same year.  At the commencement ceremony in 1826, Baugher, who received secondary honors, gave the Latin Salutatory Address.

After graduating from Dickinson, Baugher made arrangements to study law with Francis Scott Key, famous for drafting the verses of the current U.S. National Anthem, in Georgetown, but after the death of his mother, changed course and entered first the Princeton Seminary and then the Lutheran Seminary in Gettysburg. Following in the footsteps of his grandfather, he was ordained a Lutheran pastor in 1833. Baugher quickly was noted for his preaching ability and became a professor of classical studies at Pennsylvania College (now Gettysburg College) in 1832.  In September 1850, the Board of Trustees unanimously voted him the second president of the Pennsylvania College, a position he would not relinquish until his death in 1868. Baugher remained an active member of the teaching faculty and remained a minister while President of the College. His presidency was noted by his stern disciplinary practices and high standards.

During the Battle of Gettysburg, classes at Pennsylvania College were in session on the morning of July 1, 1863 until Union soldiers entered the College building to make use of its cupola. It was only then that Baugher dismissed classes; the Confederates took the building that evening and used it as a hospital. Baugher, along with his family, remained in his home throughout the battle, attended to eighteen wounded Union soldiers, successfully hid a Union officer, and even dined with a captured Confederate officer who was a former student. On November 19, 1863, Henry Baugher gave the benediction at the ceremony opening the National Soldiers’ Cemetery at Gettysburg, speaking after Abraham Lincoln's famous address.

Henry Baugher was married on October 29, 1829 to Clara (Clarissa) Mary Brooks.  The couple had seven children, five of whom survived him. In 1848, he received an honorary doctorate of divinity from Dickinson.  Henry Lewis Baugher died on April 14, 1868 the victim of a protracted but unknown disease from which he had suffered for several years.

Henry Miller Watts was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the son of David Watts and the grandson of Revolutionary War generals on both sides of his family.  He was educated in the best schools available at the time and entered the local Dickinson College with the class of 1824; his brother, Frederick Watts, had attended earlier, with the class of 1819.  Following graduation, Henry studied law with Andrew Carothers, who also trained his brother and, in turn, had trained in the law office of the father of the two as a young man.  Henry Watts passed the Cumberland County bar in 1827 and then, perhaps to escape the close professional family he had joined, traveled to Pittsburgh in the west of the state to set up his own practice.

After being in the area only a few months, Watts was appointed as a deputy Attorney General for Pennsylvania and served two terms before returning to build up his private practice.  In 1835, he was elected as a state representative from Allegheny County and served three, one year terms.  Exhibiting the kind of restlessness for pastures new that he would display his whole life, he left the area for Philadelphia and reopened his private practice there in 1838.  In 1841, President Harrison named him as United States Attorney for eastern Pennsylvania and and served the full term.  In 1857, his wanderlust struck again and he determined to take his wife and family to Paris for the purpose of enrolling his children in the schools of the city.  He was back in Philadelphia when the Civil War broke out and in late 1862 he became one of the fifty founder-members of the Union League of Philadelphia — a patriotic club founded to support President Lincoln and still in existence today — on Broad Street.  Despite this commitment to the union cause, he was off again in 1863, taking his eldest sons to study mining and engineering in Dresden.  He made a second visit soon after, lasting eighteen months, touring other areas of Germany.

Back in Philadelphia, Watts was tapped in July 1868 as the United States ambassador to the Austrian Empire.  This post had been left open since the recall of the previous envoy the summer before and in the interim the Senate had rejected seven of President Johnson's nominations and Horace Greely had turned it down.  The Senate finally accepted Watts in August 1868 and he arrived in Vienna on September 25, 1868.  He served less than a year, however, and was recalled in June 1869 when the new President Grant filled his place with John Jay.  Returning to Pennsylvania, Watts now devoted himself to his practice and his business interests in iron and coal in places such as Lancaster County.

In 1838, Watts married Anna Maria Shoenberger of Pittsburgh and the couple had nine children.  After a long and eventful life, Henry Miller Watts died on November 30, 1890 at the age of ninety-five.

Henry R. Gamble was from Moorefield in western Virginia and a member of prominent slave-owning family in the town. He entered Dickinson College in the fall of 1857 as part of the class of 1861. He was a member of the Union Philosophical Society, but withdrew from the College before graduation to enlist in the service of the Confederate States at the outbreak of the Civil War. He served in the 12th Virginia. Gamble died at Beverly, West Virginia in 1864.

Herman Merrills Johnson was born on November 25, 1815 in Butternut Township, New York, near Albany.  He attended Casenovia Seminary and then went to Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and graduated with an A.B. degree in 1839.  Following graduation, he became a professor of ancient languages at St. Charles College in Missouri until 1842.  At that time he moved on to be a professor at Augusta College in Kentucky where he remained for only two years.  In 1844, Johnson began teaching at Ohio Wesleyan University and would remain there until coming to Dickinson in 1850, when he took up the post of professor of English literature under the administrations of Jesse Truesdell Peck and Charles Collins. In 1852, Johnson was granted a D.D. degree from Ohio Wesleyan University.

During his ten years as a professor at Dickinson College,  Johnson worked with three students to organize the  “Eclectic Society of Dickinson College.” This society became active on May 12, 1852 as a chapter of Wesleyan University’s Phi Nu Theta, a fraternity to which Johnson belonged during his college days. This group marked the first fraternity at the College, but was soon followed by others such as Phi Kappa Sigma in 1854 and Sigma Chi in 1859.

Following Collins' resignation in 1860, Johnson was elected as the twelfth president of Dickinson College.  Much of his presidential term was occupied with the effects that the American Civil War had on the College.  At the outbreak of war, students from both sides left the College.  Johnson moved swiftly, with the aid of Governor Andrew Curtin, to persuade the younger enlistees to return.  Classes continued for the most part, but with some difficulty.  In 1863, Lee's invasion of the North brought the town of Carlisle and the College under confederate shellfire and brief occupation in the days immediately preceding the battle at Gettysburg.   Following the battle, federal authorities commandeered most college buildings for use as hospitals for the wounded of both sides.  No students were present at this time since graduation had been hastily moved up before the action took place.

Following the war, the student body had lost most of its usual influx from the southern states and was only three-fourths of the size it had been in 1860.  Johnson continued to battle the deficits which had plagued his entire presidency.   He sought money constantly from the Methodist Conferences, and tried to modernize the curriculum to make the College more attractive.  With the help of the science faculty, including the young and influential Charles Francis Himes, areas of study such as chemistry, geology, and metallurgy were incorporated into the program.  A business school, known as the Dickinson Commercial College, operated as part of the College for a short time before moving to Hagerstown, Maryland.

The centenary of the Methodist Church in 1866 finally offered some relief by the significant endowment of new funds, although Johnson never saw their effects.  Exhausted by his years of effort and virtual poverty, he contracted a cold and died two weeks later at his home in Carlisle on April 5, 1868.  He had married Lucena Elizabeth Clark whom he met in New York during their education.  She survived him, as did six of their seven children, one of whom was the novelist Mary Dillon, author of In Old Bellaire.

Horatio Collins King was born on December 22, 1837 in Portland, Maine, to Horatio and Anne Collins King. The elder King served as postmaster general in the cabinet of James Buchanan. Horatio Collins King was prepared at Emory and Henry College. In 1854 he entered Dickinson College, where his uncle Charles Collins was president. While there, he was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma and the Union Philosophical Society. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1858; King was later inducted into Phi Beta Kappa when a chapter was established at Dickinson in 1886. Following his graduation, King studied law for two years with Edwin M. Stanton, later secretary of war, and in 1861 moved to New York City. He was admitted to the New York State Bar that same year.

War erupted and King sought a commission in the United States Army. In 1862 he received his appointment as assistant quartermaster of volunteers with the rank of captain in the Army of the Potomac from his former mentor Stanton. He was soon promoted to chief quartermaster of the First Cavalry Division of the Army of the Shenandoah. He took part in five battles following this appointment, and he was recommended for promotion because of gallantry at the Battle of Five Forks. King was honorably discharged in October 1866 with the brevets of major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel. He returned to the practice of law in New York City until 1871, when he assumed the position of associate editor at the New York Star. King then became publisher of the Christian Union with his close friend, Reverend Henry Ward Beecher, as editor. He also helped to edit The Christian at Work. In 1874, King returned to his law practice and remained active in the profession for the remainder of his life.

King joined the National Guard of New York in 1876 and was elected major of the Thirteenth Regiment. He was appointed judge advocate for the Eleventh Brigade in 1880 and, in 1883, was appointed by Governor Grover Cleveland to be judge advocate general, with the rank of brigadier general, in the National Guard, State of New York. He served as secretary of the Society of the Army of the Potomac from 1877 to 1904 and as president of the organization in 1904. He was a member of the Order of Elks, a Mason, and a charter member of the New York Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. King was also an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, serving two years as post commander and one year as department judge advocate general. King served for ten years as a member of the Brooklyn Board of Education and a member of the New York Monuments' Commission. King ran for Secretary of State of New York in 1895 on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated. He then ran for Congress in 1896 for the Sound Money Party, but was again defeated. When later nominated for office, King declined.

King served as a trustee of Dickinson College from 1896 to 1918, and is perhaps best known by the college as the author of numerous school songs including Dickinson's Alma Mater, "Noble Dickinsonia." He received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Allegheny College in 1897, and in the same year, Horatio Collins King was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for "conspicuous gallantry" while serving with the cavalry in March 1865 near Dinwiddie Court House.

King married Emma Carter Stebbins, daughter of New York merchant Russell Stebbins, in October 1862. Following Emma's death around the conclusion of the Civil War, he married Esther Augusta Howard (1845-1925), the daughter of Captain John T. Howard with whom King had served during the War, in June 1866. He and Esther had nine children and resided in Brooklyn, New York, for much of their lives. Horatio Collins King died on November 15, 1918 in Brooklyn, New York.

Isaac Sullivan came to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1857 as a student of the Grammar School from Hays’ Creek in Carroll County, Mississippi. After preparing at the school for a year, he entered Dickinson as a freshman in 1858. Sullivan was a member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society as well as the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. He did not receive his degree as he retired from the College after the spring semester of 1860.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Sullivan joined the Confederate States Army, eventually attaining the rank of major. He was killed at Atlanta in 1865.

John Emory McClintock was born on September 19, 1840 in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the son of John McClintock and Caroline Augusta Wakeman. His father, a devoted clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, taught mathematics, Greek, and Latin at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. At the age of 14, young Emory (he dropped "John" to distinguish himself from his father) enrolled in the College as a freshman with a concentration in mathematics. He withdrew in 1856 to study at Yale, yet he ultimately received his degree from Columbia University in 1859. He was immediately offered a position as a mathematics tutor at that institution, but the job was short-lived as Emory wanted to further his own education. To that end, he studied chemistry in Paris and London until February, 1862, and also spent a semester in laboratory training at the University of Göttingen, Germany in 1861.

In 1862 he felt an obligation to return to the United States and contribute in some way to the Civil War. He was offered a post as a second lieutenant of Topographical Engineers in the Army, but suffered a debilitating case of sunstroke that forced him to forfeit the opportunity. A very long convalescence ensued, but he eventually made a complete recovery.  In 1868, Emory began his career as an actuary with a position in the Asbury Life Insurance Company of New York, finding satisfaction in the application of his mathematical skills to insurance.  He switched companies two more times, eventually becoming vice president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York from 1906 until his retirement in 1911.

J. Emory McClintock's insightful thinking in mathematics, especially his theory of "Calculus of Enlargement," earned him distinction in his field and several honorary degrees, including a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1884, and LL.D. degrees from Yale and Columbia in 1892 and 1895, respectively. In his lifetime he served as President of the American Mathematical Society and the Actuarial Society of America, being a principal founder of the latter organization.  Besides mathematics, his interests included genealogy and military history. He conducted exhaustive studies of his family history in both the United States and Europe, and recorded his findings meticulously. As a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, he also did extensive research on the career of George Washington.

McClintock was married on January 22, 1868 to Zoe Darlington, daughter of John Darlington. They had one son, John, born in 1872, who enjoyed a prominent career in the United States military. After the death of his first wife, Emory married Isabella Bishop, daughter of the Honorable James Bishop. Emory's marriage to Isabella yielded no children. Emory McClintock died on July 10, 1916 at his home in Bay Head, New Jersey at the age of 76.

Jacob A. Kiester was born in Mount Pleasant in south western Pennsylvania on April 29, 1832.  Having prepared for college in the local common schools and at the nearby Mount Pleasant Academy, he entered Dickinson College with the class of 1857 in 1854.  Kiester left the college after just a year, although he did have time for election to the Belles Lettres Society.  Soon after, he moved west and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1855. Kiester moved on to Wisconsin for some months and then settled in April 1857 in Blue Earth City, Minnesota, the county seat of the newly organized Faribault County.

Soon after arriving in Blue Earth City, Kiester was elected as county surveyor of Faribault County in October 1857.  The following year he was chosen as county registrar of deeds.  Kiester seemingly made a very early impact on the county since, as soon as January 1859, the county supervisors named a small township in the eastern part of Faribault after him.  He later served as a Republican representative to the state legislature in 1865, county attorney for 1866-67, and as United States internal revenue assessor in 1868.  Kiester was named as a probate judge in 1869 and served in that post for more than twenty years before he was elected as a state senator in 1891, serving there as a Republican until 1895.

In December 1859, Kiester married Caroline Billings of Blue Earth City, and the couple had six children, five of whom survived infancy. With his massive local administrative experience, he settled in retirement to write and publish, beginning in 1896, a two volume history of his county.  He was a member of the Blue Earth Protestant Episcopal Church and a Mason who served twice as Grand Master of Masons for Minnesota.  Jacob A. Kiester died on December 13, 1859 in Blue Earth.  He was seventy-two years old.

J. A. V. Pue was born in Howard County, Maryland to Arthur and Sallie Dorsey Pue on July 20, 1841.  He prepared for his undergraduate career at the Dickinson Grammar School and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1855 with the class of 1859.  He was elected as a member of the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1859.

Pue studied law, but with the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined his militia cavalry unit when it rode south in May 14, 1861 and enlisted in the Confederate Army as the First Maryland Cavalry.  The following day, Pue was elected as third lieutenant of Company A and was promoted to second lieutenant a year later.  He was wounded at Greenland Gap, Virginia in April 1863, but this did not prevent him from joining the invasion of Pennsylvania in June.  The First Maryland was attached to Fitzhugh Lee's Brigade at the time, and Pue almost certainly would have returned to Carlisle and the grounds of Dickinson College during Lee's late June occupation of the town.  Pue was captured on August 7, 1864, probably at Moorefield, West Virginia, when the First was taken by surprise and suffered very heavy casualties.  Following the end of the war, he moved to Bandera County, Texas with several members of his family, where he practiced law and entered the farming and stock-raising business.  He also served as judge of the Bandera County Court.

In April 1882, Pue married Jennie Carpenter of Bandera, and the couple had six children.  Judge J. A. V. Pue died at his home in Bandera in 1919.  He was seventy-eight years old.

James Andrew McCauley was born on October 7, 1822 in Cecil County, Maryland to Daniel and Elizabeth McCauley.  He prepared for college at the Baltimore Classical Institute in Maryland before entering Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a freshman in September 1844.  He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and he graduated with highest honors in 1847.

After graduation, McCauley entered the Methodist Episcopal Church and joined the Baltimore Conference in 1850. Shortly following this, he married Rachel M. Lightner on July 8, 1851, with whom he had a daughter, Fanny.  He was granted a doctor of divinity degree from his alma mater in 1867 and joined the Board of Trustees in 1869.  In 1872, McCauley accepted the position as the fourteenth president of the College, remaining as such for the next sixteen years.

Immediately following his acceptance of the office, in September 1872 he authorized the founding of the Dickinsonian, the College newspaper still in production.  Under his presidency, the College undertook an expansion of the campus that was unprecedented in the life of the institution thus far.  By 1885, due to the efforts of Charles Francis Himes, the Tome Scientific Building was already in use.  Bosler Memorial Hall was completed, as was the Old Gymnasium, in 1888.  Another significant development in Dickinson history occurred during the McCauley presidency, when in the autumn of 1884 Zatae Longsdorff was admitted to the class of 1887.  Seven years before, in 1877, the Board had ruled that women could be admitted to the College on the same terms as men, but Longsdorff was the first female to take advantage of this policy.

In 1888, the 66 year old McCauley resigned from the presidency and returned to the pastorate.  He later combined his preaching with a professorship of historical and systematic theology at Morgan College.  Reverend James Andrew McCauley passed away on December 12, 1896 in Baltimore Maryland at the age of 77.  On June 6, 1925, the McCauley Memorial Room in Old West was dedicated in his memory, the gift of one of his students, Lemuel T. Appold, class of 1882. The room was intended to serve the students as a recreation and study room, but also became the site for several decades of meetings of the faculty with the president of the College.

James Buchanan, fifteenth president of the United States, was born near Mercersburg, Pennsylvania on April 23, 1791 to parents of Scotch-Irish descent. Buchanan attended the Mercersburg Academy until the fall of 1807, when he entered the junior class of Dickinson College.

He found the school to be in "wretched condition" with "no efficient discipline." However, his own behavior while at Dickinson was far from exemplary; he was expelled during the fall vacation of 1808 for bad behavior. After making a pledge of good behavior to his minister, Dr. John King (a college trustee), Buchanan was readmitted to Dickinson. In his senior year, he felt slighted by the faculty because he did not win the top award of the College for which his literary society had nominated him. Buchanan commented, "I left college, . . . feeling little attachment to the Alma Mater."

Upon graduation, Buchanan began to study under the prominent Lancaster lawyer James Hopkins. After being admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1812, he quickly gained prominence, and was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1814 and 1815 as a Federalist. Thus began Buchanan’s long career as a public servant. In 1820, he was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives. With the extinction of the Federalist party in 1824, he joined the Democrats. In Congress, Buchanan was an active opponent of John Quincy Adams and the Panama Mission. He supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828, and this support ultimately led to his appointment as the chairman of the Committee on Judiciary. In 1831, Jackson appointed him minister to Russia. On his return to the United States, Buchanan was elected to the Senate; he was reelected in 1837 and again in 1843. By this time, he had gained national prominence in the Democratic party; being passed over for a presidential nomination in both 1844 and 1848, he nonetheless served as Secretary of State under Polk and as minister to Great Britain under Pierce.

In 1856, Buchanan was finally nominated for the presidency, with John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky as his running mate. The campaign platform was based on the finality of the Compromise of 1850 and the non-intervention of Congress concerning slavery in the territories. Buchanan defeated Fremont in the electoral college, although he failed to get a majority of the popular vote. Buchanan's presidency was a stormy one, filled with controversy and numerous domestic difficulties. By the end of his term, the slavery issue and states' rights problems had caused serious divisions in government circles. The election of Abraham Lincoln added fuel to the fire, and between December 1860 and January 1861, numerous members of Buchanan's cabinet resigned. The attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 not only brought the start of the Civil War, but also seemed to cement the public’s opinion that Buchanan was one of the worst presidents in United States’ history.

James Buchanan retired to his estate, Wheatland, in Lancaster and died there on June 1, 1868

James Burns Belford was born in Lewistown, Pennsylvania on September 28, 1837, the son of Samuel and Eliza Belford. He was a cousin of Joseph McCrum Belford, class of 1871, who served a congressman from New York State. He prepared at Lewistown High School and entered Dickinson College in 1855. He retired from his class in 1857 though not before he had been elected to the Belles Lettres Society. He went on immediately to study law and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1859.

He moved west and set up practice in a small town in Missouri called California. He moved again, however, soon after, to La Porte, Indiana in 1860. His practice was successful and by 1867 he was an elected member of the State House. Three years later he was moving again when he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Colorado as an associate justice and served five years till 1875. When Colorado became a state in 1876, he was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican and served till December, 1877 when he was replaced in an election dispute with Thomas Patterson. He did gain re-election in 1878 and served from March 3, 1879 to March 3, 1885, chairing the powerful Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury in his later years in the House. He failed to gain renomination in 1884 and returned to the practice of law in Denver. When he had first arrived in the state, he had settled in Central City, Colorado but when his political career ended he moved to Denver in 1883.

He had married Frances C. McEwers from Lewistown in 1860 before he had moved west. James Burns Belford died in Denver on January 10, 1910 aged seventy-two.

James Croxall Palmer was born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 29, 1811, one of four sons of merchant Edward Palmer and his wife Catherine Croxall Palmer.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and graduated with the class of 1829.  He studied law for a time but eventually earned a medical degree from the University of Maryland in 1834.  He took up a commission as an assistant surgeon in the United States Navy and by the end of 1835 had completed a voyage around the world in the frigate USS Brandywine and the sloop USS Vincennes.

In July 1838, Palmer joined the store ship Relief, part of the newly formed United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Lieutenant Charles Wilkes.  He transferred at Tierra Del Feugo to the 18 gun sloop USS Peacock and continued for two years in that vessel.  He was still aboard the Peacock when it was wrecked off the mouth of the Columbia River on July 19, 1841 while exploring the north-western coast of North America.  Following the loss of his ship, Palmer commanded a large landing party of sailors ashore in an exploration of the Oregon Coast, near what is now Astoria.  The Wilkes Expedition in 1842 ended after four years of investigation with Palmer as assistant surgeon back aboard the Vincennes.  The explorations had found new whaling and sealing grounds, charted the North American coast from Puget Sound to San Francisco Bay, and visited Antarctica twice to explore more than 1500 miles of the continent's coastline. In 1843 Palmer published an epic poem he had begun during the Antarctic venture, called Thulia: A Tale of the Antarctic, dedicated to the commander of the USS Flying Fish, the ship that had ventured the furthest south into the unknown seas.

Returning home, he was promoted to surgeon in October 1842, and assigned to the Washington Naval Yard.   On February 28, 1844, he was on hand and in charge of the wounded from the famous explosion aboard the USS Princeton, on the Potomac River near Fort Washington, Maryland, which had among its casualties the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Navy.  Palmer served aboard the USS St. Mary during the Mexican War and in August 1857 was surgeon aboard the steam frigate Niagara during its unsuccessful first attempts with the British warship H.M.S. Agamemnon to join the first trans-Atlantic telegraph cable.  From there he was in the Mediterranean aboard the USS Macedonian, and afterwards assigned to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis.  When the Academy was forced to move to Rhode Island at the outbreak of the Civil War, he moved with it and assumed the position of senior medical officer at the institution.

By 1863, Palmer was fleet surgeon in Admiral Farragut's squadron aboard the flagship, USS Hartford, and on August 5, 1864 distinguished himself at the Battle of Mobile Bay by running messages and providing medical assistance.  Following the battle, he organized the treatment of the wounded ashore at Pensacola.  Contracting malaria in Florida, he never fully recovered his health and was for a time detached from service.  He returned to duty in 1866 to head the naval hospital in Brooklyn, New York.  While there, he revised his old epic poem and republished it in 1868 as the Antarctic Mariner's Song. In March 1871, he became one of the medical directors of the Navy and on June 10, 1872, was named as Surgeon General of the United States Navy.

He retired from the Navy on June 29, 1873, his sixty-second birthday, after thirty-nine years of service.  James Croxall Palmer died in Washington, D.C. on April 24, 1883.

James Fowler Rusling was born on April 14, 1834 in the town of Washington in Warren County, New Jersey, the fifth of the seven children born to Geishom and Eliza Hankinson Rusling.  He was prepared at the Pennington School and entered Dickinson College, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1852, joining the class of 1854.  While there he studied the natural sciences and was a member of the Union Philosophical Society.  He graduated with his class and immediately took up a teaching post at the Dickinson Williamsport Seminary, where he taught until 1857.  He was admitted that year to the Pennsylvania bar and to the New Jersey bar in 1859 when he set up practice in Trenton.

On August 24, 1861, he became a first lieutenant and the regimental quarter-master of the 5th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry.  By October 1862, he was a captain and quartermaster of the 2nd Division of III Corps and in May 1863, he was named as a lieutenant colonel of Volunteers and 3rd Corps Quartermaster.  At the end of the war he was the Inspector of the Quarter Master Department of the United States Army and received a brevet promotion in February 1866 as Brigadier General of Volunteers before returning to private practice in September 1867.  His extensive service in all of the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac between 1861 and 1863, together with his activities in the Army of the Cumberland for the remainder of the war, are detailed in his 1899 book, Men and Things I Saw in Civil War Days.  Rusling was an observant and entertaining writer and completed several other accounts, most notably the story of, and observations from, his 1866-1867 inspection tour for the Quartermaster's Office of the Army of the West, which he called The Great West and Pacific Coast (1877).  He also wrote an history of the Pennington School.  A devout Methodist, he wrote several articles on subjects like "Hymns of the Ages" for various religious publications.

Back in his Trenton law office, Rusling was a New Jersey pension agent between 1869 and 1877.  He was also a tax commissioner of his home state in 1896.  He served as a trustee of Dickinson College from 1861 to 1883, and then again from 1904 until his death.  At his fiftieth class reunion, he endowed the senior prize at the College which bears his name.  He had already received an honorary doctorate from his alma mater in 1899.  

He married Mary Freeman Winner of Pennington, New Jersey in 1855 and, after her death, later married Emily W. Wood of Trenton in June 1870.  He and his second wife had a son and a daughter.  James Fowler Rusling died at his home in Trenton on April 1, 1918, two weeks before his eighty-fourth birthday.  He was buried in the Riverview Cemetery in that city.

James Henry Morgan, President of Dickinson College, James Henry Morgan was born on a farm near Concord in southern Delaware on January 21, 1857.  He prepared at Rugby Academy and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in September 1874 as one of a freshman class of sixteen students.  He elected to take the Scientific Course, became a leading debater with the Union Philosophical Society,  and sat on the editorial board of the Dickinsonian. He won the Pierson Gold Medal for Oratory as a junior and gave the Latin Salutory at his commencement in 1878.

Following graduation, he taught at the Pennington School and at his old school of Rugby, before being named in 1882 to head the Dickinson Preparatory School.  Soon after,  he joined the faculty as an adjunct professor of Greek.  He was librarian from 1893 to 1900, consolidating the three College collections into Bosler Hall.  In 1890 he was promoted to full professor and also married Mary Curran, an alumna of 1888.  He received an honorary doctorate from Bucknell in 1892 and entered the Methodist ministry in 1895.  Beginning in 1893 he was the dean of the College under Presidents George Reed and Eugene Noble.

On Noble's resignation  in 1914, Morgan became acting president and, in 1915, president of the College.  After fourteen years he retired in 1928 and wrote a history of the College. Twice in subsequent years he was recalled to serve as temporary head of the institution, first in 1931 on the sudden death of Mervin Filler and then following the resignation of Karl Waugh in 1933. He also served a four year term on the Board of Trustees.

James Henry Morgan died in the Carlisle Hospital on October 17, 1939 at the age of 82, leaving three surviving children and five grandchildren.  Morgan Hall is named in his honor.

James Iverson Boswell was born in Philadelphia on November 3, 1837. He attended the central high school in that city and enrolled at Genesee College in New York in 1856. A year later, Boswell enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a junior. In the year he was at the College, he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society. Boswell graduated with his class in the early summer of 1858.

Boswell then attended the Union Theological Seminary in New York City in 1861 and was later ordained as a Methodist minister. As a member of the Newark Conference, he had a long career as pastor at a string of New Jersey churches located in the following towns: Westfield, Palisade, Mount Hermon, Somerville, Elizabeth (Fulton Street), Newark (Trinity), Newtown, Montclair, Paterson (Cross Street), Jersey City (West Side Avenue), Nyack, Madison, South Orange, Englewood, and Verona. Boswell retired from this particularly mobile ministry of more than four decades in 1903.

In May 1863, Boswell married Cynthia Copeland. James Iverson Boswell died in Ocean Grove, New Jersey on November 30, 1926. He was three weeks past his eighty-ninth birthday. Lease married Catherine A. Bair of Madisonburg, Pennsylvania in June 1862, and the couple had four children. In January 1919, John Henry Lease died of pneumonia in Ohio. He was eighty-six years old.

James J. Patterson was born in Philadelphia on June 22, 1838, the son of John and Ellen Van Dyke Patterson.  He grew up in rural Juniata County near Academia where his family had taken up farming and local business.  He attended local schools and the Tuscarora Academy, the first secondary school in the county, a Presbyterian institution in Academia for which his father had donated land and money.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in September, 1856 with the class of 1859, enrolling in the classical course. While at the College, he was an early member of Phi Kappa Sigma and active in the Belles Lettres Society. Following graduation with his class, he took up the post of principal of Boalsburg Academy in Centre County, Pennsylvania.

After three years as an academy principal, in August, 1862, Patterson answered Lincoln's call for volunteers and joined the company Captain Robert McFarlane was recruiting in the county.  He was commissioned and was second in command in what became Company G of the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers.  McFarlane soon went on to higher command and Patterson took over as company commander.  After training at Camp Curtin, the 148th became part of Hancock's First Division.  The unit experienced its first engagement at Chancellorsville in the spring of 1863 and then at Gettysburg, where the company fought in the Wheat Field and on Cemetery Ridge.  Action at Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and at Petersburg, where Patterson suffered a leg wound, followed.  His injury ultimately resulted in his medical discharge in December, 1864, after a period at the mobilization center in Carlisle.  He was a merchant for a time and then returned to academy teaching.  Patterson served twice as principal of his old school in Juniata County, between 1869 and 1873 and again between 1879 and 1880. He was a principal in Mifflintown and then, in 1887 relocated to Milford, Nebraska, where he ran schools until 1894.  In his later years he was a businessman in Arkansas, and lived in retirement in Alpena Pass, Arkansas.

Patterson married Elizabeth Jack of Boalsburg on December 18, 1863 while on leave from the army.  The couple had nine children.  He gained the distinction of being the oldest living graduate of the college and traveled to visit Carlisle as often as he could.  He was awarded an honorary degree in 1932.  His stories of Civil War era Dickinson were much in demand.  Patterson noted, for example, that Samuel Beck, class of 1859 from Maryland, was unrestrained in his support of the South and that only one Southerner in his class, Duke Slavens, could discuss the matters of the day dispassionately.  He also observed from his later time stationed in Carlisle that the townspeople were far happier with Herman Merrills Johnson as president than they had been with Charles Collins, who they considered a southern sympathizer.  James John Patterson died at the Fitzsimons Hospital in Denver, Colorado on January 3, 1934 while visiting one of his daughters.  He was ninety-five years old.

James Kelly was born in Blanchard on the northeastern edge of Centre County, Pennsylvania on February 16, 1819.  He was educated at the Milton and Lewisburg Academies and took his undergraduate degree at Princeton University in 1839.  He enrolled in the law department at Dickinson College in 1840 and gained his law degree in 1842.  He began practice in Lewistown and soon was named under Governor Porter as the deputy attorney general for Mifflin County and then Juniata County when that county was carved from the larger.

When gold was discovered in California, Kelly became an enthusiastic "forty-niner" and traveled through Mexico and by sea to reach San Francisco in July 1849.  He prospected in Calaveras County but soon abandoned the diggings for the practice of law in San Francisco.  In 1851 he left for greener pastures and relocated to Oregon City in Oregon Territory.  He was soon engaged as the chair of a legal commission codifying territorial laws in 1852 and then served from 1853-1857 in the territorial legislature, being elected its president during two terms.  When the Yakima Indian War broke out in 1855 he raised a company in the Oregon Mounted Volunteers and was later elected colonel of the first regiment.  He then was a member of the constitutional convention for Oregon statehood in 1857 and served in the new state's senate from 1860 to 1864.  He had moved from Oregon City to The Dalles in the north-western part of the state where he was nominated as a Democrat in a race for the U.S. Congress in 1864 but was beaten by the Republican candidate, J. H. D. Henderson.  He stood for governor in 1866 but was again unsuccessful.  He again moved his practice, this time to Portland and was chosen at last as Democratic Senator in November 1870, serving one complete term between 1871 and 1877 sitting on the committees for mines and mining and military affairs.  He did not stand for re-election and instead was named as the chief justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, sitting between 1878 and 1882.  Following this he returned to his practice in Portland.

Seemingly unable to settle permanently in one place, Kelly moved to Washington D.C. in 1890 and opened a law office there.  He died at his home on North Street there on September 15, 1903.  He was buried in Rock Creek Cemetery.

J. Lester Shipley was born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 21, 1838, the eldest son of Charles and Mary George Shipley. He was educated at a private classical school for boys in the city and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1860 in September, 1857. While at the College, he became one of the founding members of the Phi Kappa Psi chapter on campus and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society.  Shipley gave up his original career idea of becoming a civil engineer when he felt called to the Methodist ministry; he received both his degree and his license to preach in the summer of 1860.

Shipley joined the Virginia Conference and was assigned to Warrenton, Virginia.  The outbreak of the Civil War saw him as an ordained minister at Winchester, Virginia.  With the advance of Union forces, he joined General "Stonewall" Jackson's Brigade as a chaplain under the auspices of the Methodist Soldier's Tract Association and served until the summer of 1862.  He then took up the post of chaplain at Randolph-Macon College, then in Boydton, Virginia. That college was forced to close its doors not long after due to the conflict but it is thought that Shipley remained there until the war's end.  He later served on the Randolph-Macon board of trustees, from 1888 to 1900.  Immediately following the surrender he was assigned to Petersburg, Virginia.  In 1868, he transferred to the Baltimore Conference but still spent much of his career in Virginia, notably in the Shenadoah Valley, with his last assignment before his retirement in Roanoke, Virginia.

In October, 1865, at Petersburg, Shipley married the daughter of the Carlisle, Pennsylvania presiding elder who had first licensed him to preach.  Elizabeth Augusta Gere Shipley bore three sons and a daughter and died in Baltimore on September 12, 1906.  In 1934, Shipley became the oldest living alumnus of Dickinson College when James Patterson, class of 1859, who was one day older than he, died.  He held that distinction until June 11, 1937, when he died at the home of his son, Rev. J.A. Gere Shipley in Bedford, Virginia.  J. Lester Shipley was ten days short of his ninety-ninth birthday.

James Miller McKim was born November 10, 1810 on a farm near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children. Known as Miller McKim, he entered the local Dickinson College at the age of 13 in September 1824. While at Dickinson College, he was active in the Belles Lettres Literary Society and graduated in 1828. George Duffield, a local “new light” Presbyterian minister, influenced him greatly, and McKim became a Presbyterian minister himself in 1831.

His ministry gave way to his involvement in the abolition movement in 1833, when he attended the Philadelphia Conference which formed the American Anti-Slavery Society. A year later, in a town not supportive of the movement, McKim delivered Carlisle’s first anti-slavery speech at his church and started the Carlisle Anti-Slavery Society. In 1836, McKim, recruited by Theodore Weld, began his career as a full-time abolitionist and as an agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. He attended the first Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society meeting in Harrisburg in 1838. In 1840 he moved to Philadelphia to become the corresponding secretary of the Society and the editor and manager of its publication, the Pennsylvania Freeman. As such, he became an influential supporter of the underground railroad organizations centered in Philadelphia assisting in the many court cases that emerged after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law.

In 1859, he and his wife attended the execution of John Brown at Harpers Ferry and assisted Mrs. Brown in bringing her husband's body home. During the Civil War, McKim founded the Philadelphia Port Royal Relief Committee to help provide for the liberated slaves of Port Royal. The organization became statewide in 1863 as the Pennsylvania Freedman’s Relief Association. He also became actively involved in the authorizing and the recruiting of African-American units to the Union Army. Two years later, McKim moved to New York City to become the first secretary of the new American Freedman’s Union Commission, which operated until 1869. McKim also helped to found The Nation, a New York newspaper produced to support the interests of the newly freed men and provided Wendell Garrison the position of editor.

McKim married Sarah Allibone Speakman on October 1, 1840 and had two natural children, Charles Follen and Lucy; the couple also adopted McKim’s niece. Lucy McKim later married Wendell Phillips Garrison, son of William Lloyd Garrison, while the adopted niece became William Garrison’s second wife. James Miller McKim died on June 13, 1874 in Orange, New Jersey. He was sixty-three years old.

James Sterrett Woods was born on April 18, 1793 in Dickinson Township near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the son of Samuel and Francis Sterrett Woods. He was prepared for college at the Hopewell Academy of John Hooper and entered the local Dickinson College with the class of 1814. Upon graduation with his class, he enrolled at the Princeton Theological Seminary and, in 1817 and 1818, he was licensed to preach, first in New Brunswick, New Jersey and then with the Huntingdon Presbytery in central Pennsylvania.

Woods was offered a half-time position in McVeytown, was ordained as a Presbyterian pastor in April, 1820, and spent much of his time evangelizing among the small town in the hills of the area, preaching in school houses and barns. In April 1824, he also took on the pastorate at Lewistown, Pennsylvania. In 1837, he concentrated his efforts with the latter church, taking on the full term position at $600 per year. He remained in that post for the remainder of his life. Woods had taught at a classical school in McVeytown and was also instrumental in the building and operation of the Lewistown Academy. He was honored with an doctorate of divinity from Princeton in 1850.

While still a student in New Jersey, Woods married Marianne Witherspoon, the youngest daughter of John Witherspoon, president of Princeton and signer of the Declaration of Independence. The couple had nine children, including three daughters and six sons, one of whom was killed in the storming of Monterey during the Mexican War and another who became a well-known local judge. His wife died in 1846. After a long and admired career at Lewistown, James Sterrett Woods died there suddenly on June 29, 1862. He was sixty-nine years old.

James Wallace was born on March 14, 1818 to a prominent Dorchester County family in Cambridge, Maryland. He entered Dickinson College with the class of 1840 in the autumn of 1836. He was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1840. He returned to Cambridge and studied law, gaining admittance to the Maryland bar in 1842 and opened a successful practice.

His success and his local prominence brought him into politics and he served a term in the Maryland house of delegates between 1854 and 1856 and moved on to the state senate between 1856 and 1860. In 1856, having become involved with the American Party, he was a presidential elector, duly casting his ballot for Millard Fillmore. After the outbreak of the Civil War, he helped raise the First Maryland Volunteers (Eastern Shore) in August 1861 and took command as its colonel. The unit was intended to protect Union interests on the Eastern shore and elsewhere in Maryland but in July 1863, the First found itself at Gettysburg fighting on the third day of the battle around Culp's Hill. In the regiment's only day of pitched battle during its entire service, and with Wallace in command, it met and mauled the First Maryland Regiment of the Confederate States Army that contained many of their friends and neighbors from coastal Maryland. The regiment, and its colonel, ended its enlistment and mustered out two days before Christmas in 1863.

Wallace returned to Cambridge to resume his practice and also opened several large business concerns, including a large oyster steampacking plant on the docks and a fruit cannery with his son James. In December 1843, he had married Ann Elizabeth Phelps. The couple had five children. On February 12, 1887, James Wallace died while visiting his married daughter in Baltimore. He was sixty-eight years old.

James Bosler was born on April 4, 1833 to Abraham and Eliza Herman Bosler in Silver Spring, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.  He attended the Cumberland Academy at New Kingston, Pennsylvania before entering the nearby Dickinson College as a member of the class of 1854 along with his older brother John Herman Bosler.  Neither brother finished their degrees and James Bosler withdrew from the College during his junior year and moved west.

From 1852 to 1854, Bosler taught school in Moultrie, Columbiana County, Ohio, where he also built his first store.  After the store was destroyed by fire, Bosler moved to Virginia.  In Wheeling, Virginia, he was admitted to the Bar, but the life of a lawyer did not suit him.  Moving further west in 1855, Bosler partnered with Charles E. Hedges in Sioux City, Iowa in the real estate business.  Together they established the Sioux City Bank under the name Bosler & Hedges.  Bosler soon expanded his business interests into the growing cattle market, where he made his fortune.  He served a brief term in the Iowa State Legislature, before returning to Carlisle in 1866.

In 1860 he had married married Helen Beltzhoover of Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania and the couple had two boys and two girls.  Bosler remained a strong supporter of Dickinson College throughout his life.  In 1883, he pledged $10,000 to endow a faculty chair, which his widow carried out after his death on December 17, 1883.  Rather than merely fulfill the original pledge, Helen Bosler donated nearly seven times that amount to erect a new library hall for the College.  She insisted that only the most durable materials, least liable to fire, be used in the construction, instead of constructing a larger building out of cheaper materials.  The James W. Bosler Memorial Hall was completed in 1886, and housed the College’s library until 1967.  Today Bosler Hall is home to the modern language departments.

Jennings Hulsey was born on June 14, 1834, in De Kalb County, Georgia. He enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1858. While at the College he became a member of the Belles Lettres Society and the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity.   Often at the center of student pranks, he was one of four men who were suspended for allegedly, and famously, tarring Professor Tiffany’s blackboards; he received punishment but was allowed to return and graduated with his class.  After gaining his bachelor of arts degree in 1858, Hulsey returned to Georgia to study law in Atlanta; he later was admitted to the bar.

In 1862 Hulsey entered the Confederate States Army and became a captain in Company F, Eight Georgia Infantry, Second Division.  This unit saw some of the heaviest fighting ot the early part of the war in Virginia, suffering 208 casualties at the first battle of Bull Run, near Manassas, in July 1861. Jennings Hulsey did not survive the second battle of Bull Run; he was killed in action there on August 31, 1862.

Jeremiah Chamberlain was born on January  5, 1794, the son of a Revolutionary War colonel named James Chamberlain.   Young Jeremiah grew up at "Swift Run," the family farm near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  He prepared at a classical school in York County  before attending Dickinson College, where he graduated in 1814.  In 1817 he was a member of the first graduating class of Princeton Theological Seminary, and upon his return to Carlisle, was ordained by the Carlisle Presbytery.  Chamberlain spent the next year performing missionary work in the Southwest.  He returned to Pennsylvania in 1818 and began preaching in Bedford, Pennsylvania.

In 1822, he accepted the presidency of the struggling Centre College in Danville, Kentucky; he remained at the college for three years and helped to establish a more solid foundation for the school economically and academically.  He left to accept the presidency of the College of Louisiana in Jackson, Louisiana; again, his tenure at that institution lasted only three years.  Chamberlain resigned in 1828 to establish his own academy, but two years later he convinced the Mississippi Presbytery to establish a new college in Lorman.  Thus he became Oakland College's first president in 1830, and served the school until his death in 1851.  Oakland College closed at the start of the Civil War, and failed to reopen after the end of the hostilities.  In 1871 the Oakland campus was sold to the state of Mississippi and Alcorn A&M College, named in honor of Governor James Alcorn, was established on the site.  Thus in 1878 it became the first land-grant college for African-Americans in U.S. history.  Oakland College was resurrected in 1879 at nearby Port Gibson as Chamberlain-Hunt Academy, a Presbyterian preparatory school; much of the college's scientific apparatus and library, including Chamberlain's books and papers, were removed to the new location.

Chamberlain's death has been the topic of speculation.  What is known is that on the night of September 5, 1851, he was stabbed to death in front of his home on the Oakland campus by a local landowner named George Briscoe.  Several witnesses saw Briscoe stop at the gate of Chamberlain's home; the president went out to meet him, and after an exchange of heated words, he was stabbed in the chest.  Chamberlain retreated to the house, and died in the arms of his wife minutes later.  Briscoe rode off and was not found for several days after the murder; he avoided detection by hiding in the woods near his plantation.   Remorseful about his actions, Briscoe poisoned himself and died within a week.  The reason for the murder was never ascertained, but it is believed that Briscoe reacted to Chamberlain's staunch anti-slavery and pro union sentiments.  The mystery surrounding Chamberlain's death led the 1905 Alumni Directory to state that he had been assassinated.

Jesse Bowman Young was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on July 5, 1844 to Jared and Sara Young.  In August, 1861, just turned seventeen, he joined his uncle, Major Samuel Millard Bowman (1815-1883) in the Fourth Illinois Cavalry and saw action with the Western Army under Grant.  When Major Bowman assumed command in 1862 of the 84th Pennsylvania Volunteers - drawn largely from Blair, Lycoming, Dauphin, and Westmoreland counties -  he was commissioned in the 84th's Company B.  The regiment then fought with distinction in many of the most significant encounters of the war, including Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.  When his uncle assumed command of the brigade, Young served as his aide and then became a divisional staff officer, serving in that capacity with Sickles at Gettysburg in the Peach Orchard.  Jesse Young left the Army at the end of his enlistment in 1864, having risen to the rank of Captain, but was offered a colonelcy as head of a regiment of African-American volunteers.  While Young was waiting for his assignment in Washington D.C., the war ended.

In the autumn of 1866, Young entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.  An active student, he joined Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was selected as a member of the Belles Lettres Society.  He also served as the inaugural president of the Science Society.  He graduated with the class of 1868.  He was granted a M.A. degree from the College in 1871, and later received an honorary D.D. from De Pauw University.

Following his education, he entered the Methodist calling and, after beginnings in Pennsylvania, ministered mostly in the Midwest.  Between 1892 and 1900 he was the editor of the Central Christian Advocate, published in St. Louis, Missouri.  Following this he was the long serving pastor of the Walnut Hills Church in Cincinnati, Ohio.  He was an enthusiastic writer and lecturer on both religious and military subjects.  He completed his What A Boy Saw in the Army: A Story of Sight-Seeing and Adventure in the War for the Union in 1894, and the very well received The Battle of Gettysburg; A Comprehensive Narrative in 1913.  He also gave his lecture "Echoes from Round Top: The Story of a Great Battle" many times over the years to appreciative audiences.  He also found time to serve as a trustee of his alma mater between 1882 and 1888.

He had married Lucy Spottswood in 1871 and the couple had a daughter named for her mother.  Jesse Bowman Young died in 1914.

Jesse Truesdell Peck, the youngest of ten children of Luther Peck, was born on April 4, 1811 on a farm in Middlefield, Otsego County, New York.  He was educated at Cazenovia Seminary and became a minister in the Methodist Church.  He married Persis Wing on October 13, 1831, and in the following year he joined the Oneida Conference.  In 1837, Peck became the head of the Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary in New York. He moved on to head the Troy Conference Academy in Poultney, Vermont.  In 1848, thanks to his fine record and his strong dedication to the Methodism, Peck was chosen to be the tenth president of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, despite having no formal college education himself.

During his presidency, Peck met with some trouble, being unpopular with the students and often finding himself the butt of student jokes and pranks.  The most famous of these pranks had Peck being detained in an insane asylum in Staunton, Virginia, to which he had traveled for a church conference; Moncure Conway, class of 1849, later confessed to being the ringleader.  Another prank found Peck locked in a railroad boxcar overnight, while a still more malicious act resulted in his dog being shot dead.  In 1851, the students banded together in protest against the decision by the faculty to deny them permission to attend the funeral of a local merchant.  Facing suspensions and expulsions, the students were aided in this crisis through the mediation of alumnus James Buchanan, who happened to be in town at the time.  On top of all of these problems with the students, Peck proved to be an inadequate fundraiser for the College as well, and the school's financial situation worsened accordingly.  In June 1851 he announced his intention to leave the institution at the end of the following academic year, citing his belief that he was ill-suited to the tasks associated with the job.

During the Civil War, Peck moved with his wife to California because of her failing health.  He later returned to New York, and in 1870 he was a presiding officer of the state Methodist Convention in Syracuse.  In 1872, he became a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church.  He also became one of the founders of Syracuse University in 1870, and was one of four subscribers of $25,000 to endow this new institution.  Jesse T. Peck served as president of Syracuse University’s Board of Trustees from 1870 to 1873, and he remained a member of the Board until his death in 1883.

John Armstrong Wright was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Archibald and Jane Berks Wright, on October 7, 1820. He prepared for college at Wibraham Academy in Massachusetts and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1838 in September 1834 when the College reopened under Methodist auspices. A young man of immense size and stature for the time, his career at the College was colorful indeed. He only avoided expulsion for "noise and disrespect" in March 1837 with a direct and formal apology to professor of mathematics Merritt Caldwell, while his membership in Belle Lettres had already seen him fined under society rules for noise and "intoxication." Despite these adventures, the young student also fell under the influence of other professors like John McClintock and John Price Durbin and graduated with an ambition to be a civil engineer and to maintain an abiding connection to the Methodist church.

Wright's first engagement after gaining his degree was to assist in the surveying of the route for the proposed cross state railway line from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. Other surveying tasks followed such as for the proposed Central Railroad in Georgia in 1841. When the Pennsylvania line was finally begun as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1846, Wright was named as one of the founder members of its board. He was to have a powerful influence in the building of the line, especially in the area of the famous "Horseshoe Curve," and was responsible for both the laying out and the naming of the surrounding railway yards he called Altoona, after a Cherokee word he had heard in Georgia. By this time, he had already seen the advantage of iron production in the "railway age" and had purchased in 1849 the Freedom Iron Works and Greenwood Furnace in Juniata County. These works soon were providing much of the railway equipment and track of the new railroads crossing the state.

The importance of transportation to Pennsylvania's prosecution of the Civil War was not lost on war governor Andrew Curtin and he assigned his fellow Dickinsonian to his staff for co-ordination of the transport of troops and supplies. Wright also assisted with the organization of the Pennsylvania Militia, gaining the honorary title of "Colonel" that he used often during the rest of his life. Wright also served the Commonwealth as a member of the Pennsylvania state tax commission and later as a member of the first Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887. His business affairs had suffered somewhat by 1870 and he had taken up residence as a prominent citizen of his home city of Philadelphia.

Wright married Emma Mineninger Gano of Philadelphia in September 1843. The couple had four girls. His continued affection for his alma mater led to his active membership the Dickinson board of trustees from 1856 until his death while his enduring Methodism had resulted in his helping to found churches in the areas he influenced industrially like Altoona, Burnham, and Greenwood Furnace. He also wrote a well received People and Preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. An elementary school is named for him Altoona. John Armstrong Wright died in Philadelphia on November 2, 1891 at the age of seventy-one.

John C. Young was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania on August 12, 1803 to John and Mary Clarke Young.  His father and his uncle were Presbyterian ministers, and he quickly determined to follow that course.  To that end, he was educated at home and then at a classical school in New York City, before entering Columbia College there.  After three years at Columbia, he withdrew and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he graduated with the class of 1823.  

Young spent the next three years at the Princeton Theological Seminary in New Jersey, tutoring there for another two years.  He was licensed in the New York Presbytery in 1827 and the following year received an appointment to the McChord Presbyterian Church in Lexington, Kentucky.  James McChord had been the first president of nearby Danville College and, by 1830, Young's reputation had grown sufficiently that he too was offered that post following the resignation of Gideon Blackburn.  Still in his twenties, Young found the eleven-year-old institution, now called Centre College, in danger of extinction.  In the next twenty-seven years, he brought the graduating class up from two to forty-seven and helped bring a reputation and relative prosperity to the institution as a foundation for the following century.  Young continued to preach in the Danville church and served as moderator of the Kentucky Presbyterian Synod and the General Assembly of the United States in 1853 when it met in Philadelphia.  He held with the Old School during the division in the church and himself was a slave owner.  Young preached gradual emancipation rather than abolition - he twice freed families of his own slaves - and authored a report to the Kentucky Synod on the subject.

Young married Frances Breckinridge in November 1829. She died in 1837, and Young married for a second time to Cornelia Crittendon in 1839.  Of his ten children, one, William C. Young, served as president of Danville.  The elder Young began to suffer poor health and on June 23, 1857, John Clarke Young died in office at Danville College.  He was fifty-three years old.

John A. J. Creswell was born on November 18, 1828 at Port Deposit, Maryland, then called Creswell's Ferry. He attended a local academy and then went on to enroll at Dickinson with the class of 1848. He was an excellent student, was elected to the Belles Lettres Society, and delivered the valedictory oration at his commencement.

He joined the Maryland bar in 1850 and began to practice in Elkton. Entering politics first as a Whig and then as a Democrat, he was a delegate in 1856 to the Democratic National Convention which nominated his fellow alumnus, James Buchanan, as presidential candidate. In 1861 he himself was elected to the Maryland House of Representatives and then in 1862 to the U.S. Congress for his home district of Cecil County, though by now he had affiliated himself with the Republican Party. He rose to prominence with two speeches in support of African American participation in the life of the nation; one supported the enlistment of black soldiers in the service of the Union and the other an eloquent support for the Emancipation Proclamation. Soon after this he was named to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate and served there from 1865 to 1867. In 1866 he was a prominent delegate at the convention of Southern Loyalists in Baltimore where he supported for tactical reasons the opposition to negro suffrage in border states, though he was generally always in support of equal political rights. His name was placed in nomination as Vice President in the Chicago convention of 1868 but he declined and supported Benjamin Wade. He was appointed to President Grant's cabinet as Postmaster General in 1869 and served with distinction until 1874 as the longest serving cabinet member of the two administrations. While responsible for the nation's mails, he ended the franking privilege, reformed letter delivery, and fought unsuccessfully for a system of U.S. Post Office telegraphical delivery. A trusted and close friend of President Grant - Creswell and his wife were at Grant's bedside when he died in 1884 - he served as U.S. Counsel for the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims and as one of the commissioners that closed up the dealings of the Freedmen's Savings and Trust Company. He then resumed his law practice and served from 1875 as the president of the Citizen's National Bank in Washington D.C..

A strong supporter of his old College, Creswell was a trustee of the College from 1865 to 1871, and then was elected again in 1885. Creswell was an active Presbyterian. He had married a Miss Richardson of Elkton but the couple had no children. John A. J. Creswell died suddenly at his home a mile outside Elkton, a victim of heart trouble and a mild pneumonia on the late morning of December 23, 1891. He was sixty-three years old.

John Fletcher Hurst was born near Salem, Maryland on August 17, 1834, the only son and second child of Elijah and Ann Catherine Colston Hurst.  His father was a relatively prosperous slave holding farmer and local magistrate who was active in the Methodist Church.  His mother died at thirty-four in 1841, when John was seven years old.  He was educated at home, then at the local common school and the nearby Cambridge Academy.  He saw President Jesse Peck of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania preach near his home and was invited to attend the College in the fall.  He did so, entering in September 1850 with the thirty-six member class of 1854.  He became a member of the Union Philosophical Society almost immediately and, though not a great orator, later served in most of its executive offices.  Already a serious and devout young man, "Johnnie Hurst" was already publishing small writings in various religious magazines before the end of his freshman year, and soon gained a reputation for gentle dignity and hard work.  He graduated with twenty others of his class, not with honors but in the "First Section."

Following graduation, he briefly contemplated the law as a profession, but instead took up a teaching post in Greensboro for a few months before attaining a position at the Hedding Literary Institute at Ashland, New York.  In August 1856, after a summer studying German in Carlisle, he traveled to Germany and enrolled as a theology student at the University of Halle for a year which included extensive travel through much of Europe. Returning to the United States, he preached for a time in the Carlisle Circuit; he was then licensed in the Newark Conference of the Methodist Church, filling pastorates at Irvington, Passaic, and Elizabeth, New Jersey.  In April 1865, he was appointed as pastor of Trinity Church on Staten Island.

On October 20, 1866, Hurst sailed from New York to take up a position as theological tutor at the Methodist Mission Institute in Bremen, Germany.  He moved with the school in October 1868 to Frankfort-on-Main, which had just been incorporated into Prussia, taking the opportunity to travel throughout southern Europe, Syria, Egypt, and the Holy Land.  He rose to director of the Institute but left in August 1871 to become professor of Historical Theology at the Drew Seminary in Madison, New York.  In May 1873, he was named as that institution's president, remaining as such until May 1880.  Ever the traveller, Hurst was ordained as a bishop of the general conference in Cincinnati, Ohio and later took up residences in Des Moines, Iowa and Buffalo, New York.  However, much of his time in the following two decades was spent attending and organizing Methodist Conferences all over the United States and visiting missions and conferences in Europe, and, most notably, in India.

In 1888, Hurst took the bishop's residence in Washington, D.C. where his main task was to be the foundation of a post-graduate university under the auspices of the Methodist Church.  He selected the site and made possible the purchase of land in 1890 that was going to become the site of American University.  He was elected as its first chancellor on May 28, 1891 and remained in that post until December 1902.  He had retired from the episcopate the year before, having continued his travels on behalf of the church.  Since 1865, he had been a constantly active author and published several important studies on theology, from his History of Rationalism (1866) to his seven volume History of Methodism (1902-1904), as well of accounts of his travels, notably Indika: The Country and People of Ceylon (1891). He was also a close friend of President McKinley.

He was married on April 28, 1859 to Catherine Elizabeth La Monte of Charlotteville, New York who he had met when she was a teacher at the Hedding Institute in 1855.  They had three sons and two daughters.  She died in Washington, D.C. in March 1890.  Following his return from his last trip to Europe in 1901, his health declined and he suffered a series of small strokes.  After a more serious attack in April 1903, John Hurst died at his home in Washington on May 4, 1903.  He was sixty-nine years old.

John Frow was born on July 13, 1834 in Mifflintown, Blaine Perry County, Pennsylvania to James and Jane Ann Frow. He entered Dickinson as a sophomore in 1850 but retired in 1852. As a student he was a member of the Union Philosophical Society as well as the Zeta Psi fraternity. Frow received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1856 and became a physician in Mifflintown.

Frow enlisted in the U.S. Army and became a surgeon with the U.S. Volunteers from 1861 until 1863. He died on March 24, 1864 at Mifflintown.

John Hays was  born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on February 2, 1837 the youngest of two sons and a daughter of John and Eleanor Blaine Hays.  On both sides of his family, the young John Hays was descended from old and highly respected central Pennsylvania stock.  He was educated in the common schools of Carlisle and at the Plainfield Academy and entered Dickinson College in 1852.  After a time away from his studies, he re-entered the College in 1854 and joined the class of 1857.  He was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma and was elected to the Belle Lettres Society.  Following graduation with his class, he entered law studies in Carlisle with Robert Henderson.

He was called to the Cumberland County bar in August 1859 and entered practice locally.  In August 1862, he was commissioned a second lieutenant and then first lieutenant in the newly raised Company A of the 130th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers.  The 130th was one of the undrilled and untrained new regiments thrown into the action that culminated in the battle of Antietam.  The unit later fought with heavy losses in the classes at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville where Hays, now adjutant of the regiment, was wounded in the right shoulder by a musket ball.  He also served as adjutant to General William Hays for a time at brigade headquarters of the 2nd Brigade of the Third Division.  He mustered out with his regiment on May 21, 1863 and returned to Carlisle, entering Henderson's law firm.

He resumed a long and prestigious local career, serving as president of the Carlisle Deposit Bank, as co-founder and chairman of the Carlisle Manufacturing Company, and a director of the Carlisle Gas and Water Company.  He was active in civic and church affairs, as well.  A Presbyterian, he was one of the original trustees of the Metzger Institute for Women in Carlisle that his uncle founded.  He was also an active Republican and was a delegate to the national convention in 1880 and a presidential elector in the elections of 1904 and 1916.  He spoke of his war experiences in later life, publishing his remarks on his old regiment's achievements, and was a local member of the Grand Army of the Republic.

He had married on August 8, 1865, Jane Van Ness Smead, sister of John Radcliffe Smead, and the couple had two sons and two daughters, including Raphael Smead Hays of Dickinson's class of 1894.  John Hays died in Carlisle on November 30, 1921.  He was eighty-four years old.

John H. Grabill was born to Ephraim and Caroline Grabill in Mount Jackson, Virginia on March 8, 1839. He prepared at the Woodstock and Harrisburg Academies and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1858 with the class of 1860. While at the College, he became a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society. He graduated with his class and returned to the Shenandoah Valley.

In the summer of 1861, Grabill enlisted in Company G of the Thirty-third Virginia Volunteer Infantry then forming in his county. He joined with so many of his extended family, including the commander, that the unit was know as "Grabill's Company." The Thirty-third became a part of the "Stonewall Brigade," and Grabill saw extended action during 1862, most notably at the First Battle of Bull Run. After a year with the brigade, Lieutenant Grabill returned home in July 1862 to raise a company of cavalry among the men of Paige and Shenandoah counties. This unit was organized in the autumn of 1862 as Company E of the Thirty-fifth Virginia Cavalry. It was known more colorfully as "White's Comanches," after its colonel and its vocal manner in the charge. As part of the Laurel Brigade, the 35th fought through the rest of the war, participating in the conflicts at Brandy Station and the Wilderness. The unit also served as rearguard in the retreat to Appomattox Court House. Captain Grabill was mustered out in the spring of 1865.

Grabill returned to Shenandoah county where he was superintendent of schools for thirteen years, from 1870 to 1883. He also served as principal of the Woodstock Academy and edited the Shenandoah Herald. Grabill published local histories, including his own Diary of a Soldier of the Stonewall Brigade. He was active in county veterans groups and during the First World War served locally as a member of the Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety.

Grabill married Mary L. Hollingsworth of Woodstock, Virginia in December 1866. The couple had ten children. John Henry Grabill died on February 28, 1922 in Woodstock, Virginia. He was a week short of his eighty-third birthday.

John H. Lease was born in Newport, Pennsylvania to John and Christina Lease on July 5, 1832. He prepared for college at the Pennington School in New Jersey, then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, just thirty miles from his home. Lease graduated with his class in the early summer of 1858 and took up studies in the Methodist faith.

Lease also taught, in addition to studying religion. In 1862, he was professor and principal of a small college called Union Seminary in New Berlin, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1856, the school later became Central Pennsylvania College and merged with Albright College in 1902. Lease moved on in 1864 to become a professor at the new Pennsylvania Agricultural College in Centre County, later Pennsylvania State University. He worked there briefly before teaching for five years at North Western College in Illinois between 1865 and 1870. Lease then turned his attentions to preaching. In 1872 he joined the St. Louis Conference of the Methodist Church and moved on to the Cincinnati Conference in 1875. Lease served for some years as the pastor of a church in Wilmington, Ohio and another in Bethany. He remained in the state for the remainder of his days. In 1884, Lease received an honorary doctor of divinity degree from Bucknell University.

Lease married Catherine A. Bair of Madisonburg, Pennsylvania in June 1862, and the couple had four children. In January 1919, John Henry Lease died of pneumonia in Ohio. He was eighty-six years old.

J. Herman Bosler was born in Silver Spring, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania on December 14, 1830. He was one of eight children of Abraham and Eliza Herman Bosler, an already distinguished county family active in farming, milling, and distilling. He attended the Cumberland Academy in New Kingston at seventeen and then went on to Dickinson College, entering in 1850 into the class of 1854 with his younger brother James Williamson Bosler. Neither brother completed their course, however, with John Herman withdrawing in 1851 to join his father’s business.

A remarkable career in business, real estate, and manufacturing entrepreneurship followed. He first branched out for a short while in the iron industry in Huntingdon before returning to Carlisle to engage in milling and shipping grain. In 1869, he and his brother James, who had moved west, invested in cattle in Nebraska and Wyoming, and, when this venture proved an immense success, he prospered in real estate in the Omaha area. He remained interested, too, in local opportunities and, teaming again with his brother, opened the Carlisle Manufacturing Company, making freight cars, railroad frogs, and switch stands for the burgeoning railway expansion in Pennsylvania. Bosler was also president of the Carlisle Shoe Factory, director of both of the largest banks in town, and director of the Carlisle Gas, Water and Electric Light Company. In later life, he again turned to land in the West, this time in San Mateo County in northern California in a gigantic enterprise - the South San Francisco Land and Improvement Company - that involved thousands of acres of land and interests in local stock yards, banking, and slaughterhouses.

Bosler also served a term on the Dickinson board of trustees between 1893 and 1897. He was a lifelong Presbyterian and a loyal Democrat who served as the elector from the district in the presidential election of 1888. In October 1856, he had married Mary J. Kirk of Mifflintown in Juniata County and the couple had ten children of whom seven survived infancy. John Herman Bosler died in Carlisle on November 18, 1897. He was sixty-six years old.

John Stevens was a great-great-grandson of Adam Miller, the first Euro-American settler in the Shenandoah Valley. He was born at Harrisonburg, Virginia. Records show that he was in Carlisle, Pennsylvania at the Dickinson Preparatory School, in 1840. Stevens graduated from Dickinson College in 1845; the next year he earned an M.D. from the University of Virginia. In 1848, Dickinson’s Board of Trustees awarded Stevens an M.A. “in curso” for his continuing medical study at the hospital in Philadelphia.

Sometime thereafter, Stevens moved to the hamlet of Vienna in Jackson Parish, Louisiana where he practiced medicine and acquired a plantation with slaves. He was elected to the Louisiana State Legislature, serving in both chambers. At the onset of the Civil War, Stevens enlisted as 1st Surgeon of the Louisiana 2nd Infantry. By war's end, he had been promoted to Medical Director of the Corps of General John B. Gordon, Army of Northern Virginia, C.S.A.

After the war, Stevens returned to Louisiana and in 1869 he married Mary Armstrong, daughter of Methodist minister, Samuel Armstrong. Faced with the economic stagnation of Reconstruction, the Stevens and Armstrong families relocated to the small frontier city of Dallas, Texas. Stevens bought hundreds of acres of land in the summer of 1870, just before Dallas was hit with economic prosperity as two major railroads swerved to converge at the city. He helped finance the first iron bridge across the Trinity River, and served as a director of that highly profitably private venture. He also became active as a state delegate of the Democratic Party.

Stevens choose to build his family farmhouse on a high crest about five miles west of Dallas. One neighbor was Maximilien Reverchon, a survivor of a nearby failed French utopian community called "LaReunion". Maximilien's son Julien Reverchon became a renowned international botanist, and the family farm, adjacent to Stevens', was his botanical garden. In 1877, newspaper accounts tell of a surgery performed by John Stevens' brother-in-law, Dr. William Hora Armstrong, attended by Dr. Stevens and six other physicians, in which a 33 pound ovarian tumor was successfully removed.

Despite success in public arenas, Stevens focused on his family and the pursuit of quieter agrarian dreams. By 1880, his medical practice seems to have been curtailed. At the time of his sudden death in 1881, Stevens had already sold most of his Dallas real estate, but had acquired more than 1700 acres in Jack County, west of Fort Worth. Nonetheless, Stevens' family clung to his Dallas farm, and during the 1920s, his children, Annie L. Stevens and Walter Stevens, donated a large tract of it to the city for the formation of the Stevens Park Golf Course to preserve the natural beauty of Stevens' homestead site. Several local residential subdivisions, shopping centers, and an elementary school still honor his name.

John A. Inglis was born in Baltimore, Maryland on August 26, 1813, the son of well known Presbyterian minister James Inglis, then pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in the city. He entered Dickinson College and graduated with the class of 1829 and then taught school for a time in Carlisle, eventually studying law and relocating to South Carolina.

Inglis opened a law practice in Cheraw, Chesterfield County, South Carolina and took on Henry McIver, later a Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court, as a partner. Their small wooden law office still stands in the town, having been preserved and moved to a new location as one of the few buildings in town to survive the Civil War. As devout as his father, he also served as principal of Cheraw Academy and as an elder in the local church. He became on of the four chancellors of the state courts of South Carolina. In 1860, Chesterfield County was a leading voice in the succession crisis and sent Inglis to the South Carolina Convention in December, 1860 as one of its three delegates. He was named as chair of the seven man Ordinance Committee and, therefore, was responsible for drawing up the Ordinance of Secession that the convention passed on a vote of 169-0 on Thursday, December 20, 1860. Though himself a committed secessionist, Inglis later denied being the sole author of the one page document as did fellow member Judge Francis Wardlaw.

During the War, Inglis served four years in Confederate government as a justice of the State Court of Appeals. He remained active in the church and was delegate to the Bible Convention of the Confederate States in Augusta, Georgia in March 1862. His denial of authorship of the Ordinance did not prevent Sherman's invading Union Army from allegedly putting a price on his head and carrying out the targeted burning of his summer home. Following the conflict, he attempted to restart his practice but in 1868 returned to Baltimore. Back in Maryland, he rebuilt his legal career and by 1870 had been appointed as a professor of commercial law at the University of Maryland and had been named as Chief Justice of the Orphans Court of Maryland serving till his death.

Inglis had married Charlotte Laura Price and the couple had five boys and a girl. John Auchincloss Inglis died on his sixty-fifth birthday, August 26, 1878, in Baltimore.

John Stayman was born on September 28, 1823 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. In the matriculation register of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, he listed an Eliza L. Stayman under the title of Parent or Guardian. During his years at Dickinson, Stayman was a member of the Union Philosophical Society. He graduated with the Class of 1841.

In 1845, Stayman was an assistant in the Grammar School, but doubts about his teaching abilities led President John Durbin to remove him from the teaching staff. Stayman then turned to music, giving lessons in Carlisle and Harrisburg for ten years. In 1861, he returned to the College as an adjunct and then full professor of Latin and French. From 1867 to 1869 he was the professor of ancient languages, and was professor of philosophy and English literature from 1869 to 1874.

Stayman also served as the secretary of the Board of Trustees from 1865 until he was replaced by Professor Charles Himes, Class of 1855 and treasurer of the College. He retained his position as college librarian from 1865 until his resignation. Within a few years funding for the library was severely cut, while funding for the new science programs, headed by Himes, grew dramatically. In 1872 James McCauley, Class of 1847, became president of the College, and he quickly associated himself with Himes and Professor Henry Harman, Class of 1848. Stayman and two other professors, Samuel Hillman and William Trickett, found themselves outside the paths of power at Dickinson.

For a combination of personal and professional reasons, McCauley and Himes planned to rid the College of Stayman, Hillman and Trickett. At the June 1874 Board of Trustees meeting, they intended to have all faculty positions declared vacant, and then replace the three offending professors with handpicked applicants. McCauley and Himes secretly obtained the names of interested replacements, but rumors circulated around campus. One candidate, Mr. Fisher, a friend of Trickett, revealed the plot. On June 24, 1874, a “committee on lack of harmony in the faculty” presented a resolution declaring all professorships vacant. Upon approval, a committee of three, headed by McCauley, would “reconstruct” the faculty. Professors Himes and Harman were retained. Rittenhouse was to replace Staymen in English literature, Lippencott to replace Hillman in mathematics, and Fisher to replace Trickett in modern languages.

Controversy embroiled the College. Regional newspapers and alumni denounced the actions of the Board. Rittenhouse refused the position at Dickinson, fearing to be mired in a scandel. He in turn was replaced by Charles Little. Trickett filed a writ of quo warranto against Fisher, forcing him to show by what right he held Trickett’s position. The court decided in Trickett’s favor on October 17, 1874, prompting Stayman and Hillman to file similar law suits. As the college charter at that time allowed professors to only be discharged in the case of misconduct or breach of the laws of the college, the Board capitulated by offering each man a year’s pay in return for his resignation. Stayman, Hillman, and Trickett accepted. Stayman moved to Baltimore where he started the firm of Sanders and Stayman. He remained there until his death on July 4, 1882.

John McCarty was born around 1831 in Allegheny County, Maryland. He prepared at the Dickinson Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania during the 1847-1848 academic school year and then entered the freshman Dickinson College class in the fall of 1848. During his years at the College, McCarty was a member of the Zeta Psi fraternity as well as the Union Philosophical Society. He received his bachelor of arts degree in 1852 and thereafter studied law in Cumberland, Maryland. McCarty relocated to Missouri, where he established a law practice.

At the outbreak of war, McCarty was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Confederate States Army. He was killed in action at the battle at Island No. 10 in 1862.

John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.

McClintock joined the Dickinson College faculty in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1836 as a professor of mathematics. In 1840 he became professor of Greek and Latin. In 1847, the town of Carlisle charged him with inciting a riot over slavery. He was tried in the county court and was acquitted. A year later, he resigned from the College and became the editor of the Methodist Quarterly Review. McClintock did not cut all ties with the College and served as a trustee from 1849 to 1859. He also maintained his intellectual career, publishing many educational volumes and texts, especially in classical and theological literature.

McClintock was one of two delegates, along with Bishop Matthew Simpson, to the British Wesleyan Conference in 1857. When he returned, he became the pastor of St. Paul's Church in New York. In 1860, he went abroad again, this time to France as pastor of the American Chapel in Paris. After four years in this post, he returned to serve again as pastor at St. Paul's. McClintock declined the presidency of Wesleyan University in 1851 and of Troy University in 1855. He did accept the position of president at Drew Theological Seminary in 1867 and remained there until his death in 1870.

He married Caroline Augusta Wakeman in 1836, became a widower on March 2, 1850 and married Catherine Wilkin in 1851. He had only one son, John Emory McClintock, born in 1840. John McClintock died March 4, 1870.

John Krebs was born in Hagerstown, Maryland on May 6, 1804, the son of William and Ann Adamson Krebs.  The senior Krebs was a merchant and postmaster in the town and John received his early education there before he went to work as a clerk in his father's post office.  His father died in 1822 and soon after he became determined to join the Presbyterian Church. After instruction at the local academy, he entered Dickinson College in February 1825.  Krebs graduated in the class of 1827 with high honors and commenced pastoral studies under the Rev. George Duffield of Carlisle.  He also received an appointment at the Dickinson Preparatory School and taught there between 1827 and 1829.  By 1829 he had been licensed to preach in the Carlisle Presbytery, but, in May 1830, he briefly entered Princeton Theological Seminary.  As soon as November, 1830, he had been formally ordained and taken up a post as pastor of the Rutgers Street Church in New York City.

Krebs' qualities attracted the leaders of the church and he was appointed as the permanent clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1837.  He filled this post until 1845 when he served as Moderator of the General Assembly.  By then he had been awarded a doctorate of divinity from his alma mater, in 1841, and had been a director of the Princeton Seminary; he later became president of the seminary board in 1866.  Also in 1866, he was chairman of the committee charged with the reunion of the Old and New Schools in the north.  This was an interesting appointment considering his early education with the firebrand, "new light" revivalist Duffield.  He had to turn over much of this last work to others on the committee, however, as his health was beginning to fail precipitously.

In October 7, 1830 Krebs married Sarah Holmes of Carlisle and the couple had two children before her death in February 1837.  He was married for the second time to Ellen Chambers of Newburg, New York and she died in 1863.  His own health having failed soon after, John Michael Krebs died at his home in New York City on September 30, 1867 at the age of sixty-three.

John Peach was born in the family home "Ash Grove" near Mitchellville, in Prince George's County, Maryland on April 18, 1835, the son of Samuel and Caroline Hamilton Peach. He prepared at a private school nearby and entered the class of 1854 at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1852. He was the youngest in the class but a fine student and a member of the Belle Lettres Society. He graduated with his class and enrolled at the University of Maryland Medical School, earning his M.D. in 1858.

He returned to Mitchellville and built a large and successful practice that he attended continuously for almost forty years. After his retirement, he turned to farming at his home, "Forest Place," adjoining "Ash Grove."

John Peach had married Bettie Howe Wellford of Culpepper, Virginia on February 27, 1870. The couple had eight children; five sons and three daughters. John Peach died after a lingering illness in early December 1925 and was buried at the Mount Oak Cemetery in Mitchellville. He was ninety years old.

John Perdue Gray was born at Half Moon, in Centre County, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1825 the son of a Methodist minister.  He was schooled at the Bellefonte Academy and entered Dickinson College in 1842.  While at the College he was a member of the Union Philosophical Society.  Upon graduation with the Class of 1846 he studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and by 1848 had earned his M.D.

After serving his residency at Philadelphia's Blockley Hospital, in 1850 Gray took the position of assistant superintendent at the Utica State Lunatic Asylum in New York State and in 1853 became acting superintendent.  After serving as head of the new  Michigan state asylum at Kalamazoo for a short time, he returned to Utica as the permanent director of the institution in 1854 at the age of twenty-nine and remained in that post until his death.  In a matter of years he built a reputation for innovation and reform, introducing systematic recording of case notes and postmortem examinations as a routine.  Gray began to deviate from the notion that mental illness was a result of moral and physical weakness, and instead tended towards an explanation which stressed the effects of inheritance and environment.  At Utica fresh air and exercise replaced restraint and forced feeding.  He also became an avid promoter of the extension of mental health treatment to the poor, although in 1858 he took over the private treatment of the millionaire reformer and abolitionist Garrit Smith, who had suffered a nervous breakdown after being falsely implicated in preparations for John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry.  By the time of the Civil War, Gray was one of the best known psychiatrists in the country, as well as editor of the American Journal of Insanity and a government advisor to President Lincoln.  Along with his continued work at Utica, he was appointed professor of psychological medicine and jurisprudence at Bellevue Medical College in 1874, and at Albany Medical College two years later.

Disliked by some for his autocratic use of his powerful connections, Gray was a well known and highly successful expert witness in trials concerning insanity.  In 1865 he had examined one of the men implicated in Lincoln's assassination.  Weighing 300 pounds, he possessed a commanding physical presence on the stand; his expertise added to his overall stature.  Gray's most notable court appearance was as a witness for the prosecution at the trial of Charles Guiteau for the murder of President James Garfield, in which the accused entered one of the first ever innocent "by reason of insanity" pleas in United States legal history.  Such was Gray's reputation that both sides agreed to abide by his judgment after examination as to whether or not Guiteau was fit for trial.  During the trial, from November 1881 to March 1882, Gray steadfastly argued that Guiteau was sane at the time of the assassination.  He backed his assertion with clear testimony bolstered with an impressive array of notes taken in interviews with the accused.  Few ever believed that Guiteau would escape conviction, and ironically his post mortem examination showed that indeed he was suffering from a form of syphilis of the brain.

Ironically, John Gray was shot and wounded in the face by one of his own patients, Henry Remshaw, on March 16, 1882 soon after the close of the trial.  He spent an extended period of convalescence away from New York but never completely recovered; he died on November 29, 1886, soon after resuming his work at the asylum.  He was survived by his wife Mary B. Wetmore Gray of Utica who he had married in September 1854.

John Price Durbin was born on October 10, 1800 in Bourbon County, Kentucky, the eldest of five sons. Shortly after his father died, he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker at the age of 13; he worked for several years until his religious conversion at age 18.  Through tutors and self-education, he began to study English grammar, and later Latin and Greek.  Durbin soon became a licensed preacher and in 1819 traveled to Ohio to enter the ministry.  In 1821 he began to minister in Hamilton, Ohio, and at the same time took up studies at nearby Miami University.  The following year he moved again and was forced to continue his studies independently.  Durbin resumed formal studies at Cincinnati College and received both a bachelor's and a master's of arts degree in 1825.  Immediately following his graduation, he became a professor of languages at Augusta College in Kentucky.  He married Frances B. Cook of Philadelphia on September 6, 1827, and in 1831 was elected Chaplain of the United States Senate.  This appointment was followed in 1832 with a position as editor of the Christian Advocate.

In 1833, Dickinson College came under the management of the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; a new faculty was gathered, consisting of Methodist professors, with Durbin as president.  Efforts were immediately made by the new Board to raise an endowment to support the institution, and the additional aid of state money was sought and gained to assist the rebirth of the College.  On January 7, 1835, the College purchased the old German Reformed Church, located across from the campus on High Street.  Unfortunately, the original structure, deemed South College, was completely destroyed by a fire in December of that year, and its reconstruction would not be completed until 1838.  In the meantime, construction was completed in November 1836 on a new building, East College, which provided space for recitation rooms as well as student living quarters.  

In 1842, Durbin began a tour of Europe and the Middle East; he would later write two books on these travels.  After his return, Durbin served another two years before he tendered his resignation to the Board of Trustees, explaining that he wished to return to the ministry.  Around this same time, Durbin married Mary Cook, the sister of his deceased first wife.

After retirement from the college, Durbin began preaching in Philadelphia and in 1849 was elected presiding elder of the North Philadelphia area.  In 1850 he was elected as the secretary of the Missionary Society, a position he would hold until 1872, when he was forced to retire for health reasons.  On October 18, 1876, John Price Durbin died in New York and was buried in Philadelphia.

Born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, John Richardson came to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a freshman in the fall of 1854 as a member of the class of 1858. Although he only remained at the College for one academic year, he became a member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society.

Richardson enlisted in the Confederate States Army and was killed sometime during 1863.

John Southgate Tucker was born on May 31, 1838 in Norfolk, Virginia, where his family on both sides had been prominent since before the American Revolution. He attended the Episcopal School in Alexandria, Virginia and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1853 and joined the class of 1855. While at Dickinson, he was elected as a member of the Belles Lettres Society and also became one of the notorious founder members of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity. He graduated with his class in the early summer of 1855 and studied for the law.

For a time he was editor of the Norfolk Virginia newspaper and practiced law in the city. At the outbreak of the Civil War he joined the army of the Confederate States and rose to the rank of captain of artillery. Returning home to Norfolk, he served as city attorney between 1866 and 1868; he was the Mayor of Norfolk from 1876 to 1880. As mayor, he was instrumental in persuading a reluctant city council to build a new public school for African-Americans to replace the dilapidated Bute Street School. Later he was a member on nearby Yorktown's centennial commission celebrating the anniversary of the British defeat there. He also worked as federally appointed examiner of land claims at the main United States Land Office in Washington D.C..

Tucker married Mary Irwin in 1868. Following Mary's death he married a second time, to Bessie C. Chubb. John Southgate Tucker died on May 19, 1920 twelve days before his eighty-second birthday. He is buried in St. Paul's Churchyard in Norfolk.

John Summerfield Battee was born on January 24, 1824 in Baltimore, Maryland. Both he and his brother Richard entered the preparatory school in 1837 and a year later, both entered Dickinson as members of the class of 1842. Their father, Richard Battee, Esq., was a trustee of the College. John joined the Union Philosophical Society (as did his brother) and received his bachelor of arts degree in 1842. He returned to Maryland and received his medical degree from the University of Maryland in 1845; the following year, he studied medicine in Paris. Returning to the United States, he became a physician in Baltimore.

Battee served as a surgeon in the U.S. Army during the Mexican War from 1847 until 1849. After the war, he returned to his practice in Baltimore until the outbreak of the Civil War. He again served as a surgeon, but this time with the Navy. Battee died in a Portsmouth, Virginia naval hospital on November 13, 1865.

John Winebrenner was born in Glade Valley near Frederick, Maryland on March 25, 1797, the third son of prosperous farmer Philip Winebrenner and his wife Eve Barrick Winebrenner.  He was educated first at a country school near his home and then at Frederick before he matriculated at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1818.  With the closure of the College in the fall of 1816, he travelled to Philadelphia to study theology under Reverend Dr. Samuel Helfenstein and was ordained in the German Reformed Church in September 1820.

Winebrenner began his ministry soon after, being appointed pastor of four churches in the Harrisburg area.   His enthusiastic style, which included favor of revivals and outdoor services, tolerance for neighboring Methodist pastors, and vigorous preaching against theatres, balls, lotteries, gambling, horse racing and, above all, slavery, soon caused dissention within his congregation.  By March 1823 he had been locked out of his church - the Stone Church in Shiremanstown - by his own flock and had become estranged from his Synod.  In September 1828 he was removed from the Reformed Church.

He continued to preach, however, and by October 1830 had founded his own conservative evangelical denomination he called the "Church of God."  Around six feet tall and an impressive orator, his sect grew in the Harrisburg area.  He also became very active in the anti-slavery movement and aided in forming the first Anti-Slavery Society of Harrisburg in January 1836, represented it at the State Convention, and later served as its Corresponding Secretary.  Meanwhile, the first "Eldership" of his new sect - known at the time as Winebrennarians - had been joined by others in Ohio and western Pennsylvania and these were combined in a "General Eldership of the Chuches of God" in 1844.

Before his death, Winebrenner saw the denomination grow to fourteen elderships and in 1880, it numbered four hundred pastors working in sixteen states.  Later, the chuch moved its headquarters to Findlay, Ohio, where it sponsors Findlay University and since 1947, the Winebrenner Theological Seminary.  In 1975 the General Eldership became known as the Churches of God, General Conference.   The Conference supports mission ministries in the United States and abroad and numbered around 31,000 members in 2000.

John Winebrenner married twice.  He and Charlotte M. Reutter of Harrisburg married in 1820 and had one surviving daughter.  Charlotte died in 1832, and in 1837 Winebrenner married Mary H. Mitchell, also of Harrisburg.  They had three sons and another daughter.  In 1859, Winebrenner suffered from cholera and never fully recovered.  John Winebrenner died at home in Harrisburg on September 11, 1860.

John Zug was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on March 28, 1818. Little is known of his childhood except that he began to study Latin in 1830. These studies allowed him to enter Dickinson College on September 10, 1834 as a sophomore. During his years at Dickinson College, Zug was an active member of the Union Philosophical Society, giving an address at the society's 47th Anniversary Celebration held July 4, 1836. His oratory skills appear to have been well known in both the community and the College, as he addressed several college and local groups on special occasions throughout his school career. Zug also claimed to have become "religious" on December 6, 1835. What type of event or conversion took place is neither known nor recorded, but presumably his affiliation with the Methodist Church began around that time. Zug graduated from Dickinson with the highest honors on July 20, 1837, and addressed his graduating class at Commencement. He enrolled in the law school on October 3, 1837 and was admitted to the Carlisle Bar on November 9, 1839. While at the law school, he was active in the Pennsylvania Colonial Society, serving as an agent from July 26 to November 26, 1838.

Zug accepted a position as teacher at the Dickinson Grammar School in 1839, and served as principal from February 25 to July 10, 1840. He then moved to Baltimore where he founded his own grammar school, the Light Street Institute; classes began in 1840. The institute focused on a classical education comprised of the classical texts, mathematics, Greek and Latin. During this time Zug was also active in the temperance movement in Baltimore, delivering speeches on behalf of the Washington Temperance Society of Baltimore. He drafted a history of the society in 1842, and although he submitted it for publication, it was ultimately rejected.

John Zug relinquished his duties at the Light Street Institute to John H. Dashiell, and returned to Carlisle to practice law. He died of a pulmonary complaint on September 5, 1843 at the age of 25. He was survived by his wife Margaret Ann and their infant child.

Joseph Benson Akers was born on February 3, 1829 in Akersville, Brush Creek Township in Fulton County, Pennsylvania. He was the eldest son of carding mill owner Israel Akers and his wife, Elizabeth Lewis Akers.  The younger Akers was educated locally, taught Sunday School, and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1858.  He became a member of the Belles Lettres Society and, following graduation with his class, studied to become a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Akers became a pastor under the East Baltimore Conference in 1858 and served in various churches until 1868, when he moved to the new Central Pennsylvania Conference.  There he served as pastor in Howard Township in Centre County and was principal for a short while at the Catawissa Seminary. Akers was also pastor and schoolteacher at Hyner in Centre County and at Whitehaven in Luzerne County.  He retired in 1889.

In February 1863, Akers married Henrietta Gallagher. The couple had a son who died in infancy and a daughter, Elizabeth.  His first wife died and in May 1874, Akers married Lydia A. Gibbony. This second union produced a son, Herbert, in 1875.  Joseph Benson Akers died of a stroke one week after his retirement in Bellwood, Pennsylvania on October 27, 1889.  He was sixty years old.

Joseph B. Stayman was born on July 18, 1832 in Hampden Township, Pennsylvania to Christian and Eliza Stayman. His father served for thirty-one years as a trustee of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The younger Stayman attended the preparatory school there and then entered the college proper in 1850 with the class of 1854. He withdrew before graduating and went into business in nearby Mechanicsburg.

Stayman maintained his business career until his retirement. He left it only to enlist very briefly as a private in the Pennsylvania Militia in a company his father raised during the September 1862 emergency during the Civil War. His brother Milton, who also attended Dickinson College with the class of 1856, joined with him in this same unit.

Stayman married Mary A. Shelley of Shiremanstown, Pennsylvania, and the couple had three sons and a daughter. One of these sons, Joseph Webster Stayman, graduated from Dickinson with the class of 1898. Joseph Benton Stayman died on July 14, 1901. He was four days short of his sixty-ninth birthday.

Joseph E. Broadwater was born in Accomac County, Virginia to David and Mary Ann White Broadwater on April 29, 1837.  He prepared for college at academies in Drummondville, Virginia and Bel-Air, Maryland before entering Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1854.  Broadwater was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in July 1858.  He then studied medicine at the University of Maryland and was awarded the M.D. there in 1860.

Broadwater returned home to Virginia's Eastern Shore and took up practice in Temperanceville, Virginia. He spent the remainder of his life there as a family physician.  Broadwater was also elected to a term in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1889, and he served as a member of the school board for Accomac County.

Broadwater married Elizabeth Ann Justice in 1860, but she died in August 1862 at the age of twenty-two.  Two years later, he married Elizabeth Whatnot Taylor, and the couple had twin sons, David and Edward.  Within a year, both mother and one twin, Edward, were dead. Elizabeth died in February 1866 while still only twenty.  Throughout his life, Broadwater's surviving twin son, David, spent periods in a hospital for the insane. In July 1868, Broadwater married Mary Elizabeth Oldham of Northampton County, and the couple had three children: Mary Inez, Carrie Proctor, and Joseph Royall. After long service to the town of Temperanceville, Joseph Emory Broadwater died there on February 24, 1899. He was buried with his first two wives and his son in the J. W. Taylor Cemetery. Broadwater was sixty-one years old. His third wife survived him.

Joseph Franklin Culver was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on November 3, 1834. He grew up in the town and enrolled in the local Dickinson College with the class of 1857. A popular and involved student who thoroughly absorbed the Methodist atmosphere of the institution. He was elected to the Belle Lettres Society at the College but withdrew before graduating to study law with William J. Shearer of Carlisle. He also studied at the Iron City Commercial College for a time, then left Pennsylvania for Ohio soon after. He continued his studies in Wooster, Ohio for several years, taught school in Burbank, Ohio, before settling in Pontiac, Illinois.

During the Civil War, in September 1862, he secured a lieutenant's commission in Company A of the 129th Illinois Infantry then being recruited and organized in Pontiac. He served throughout the remainder of the war in this regiment, including its 1864 "March to the Sea" with Sherman in Georgia, winning promotion to captain in the process. He mustered out in June 1865 and returned to Pontiac, where finally completed his legal studies, he was called to the Illinois bar. He moved quickly to prominence, served as mayor of the city for two terms and then as the county judge of Livingston County for four years. He then entered banking with his brother in Pontiac and soon expanded into real estate. In 1876 he was a delegate from the city to the Republican National Convention that nominated Rutherford B. Hayes and had served ten years as a trustee of the state reform school system in Illinois. Still a devout Methodist, he had also served as a chaplain to an Illinois national guard unit. In July 1879, he wound up his business in the state and took his expertise in real estate and the law to Emporia, Kansas where he practiced for the rest of his life. There he was elected a justice of the peace and was a Mason, and an active member of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic and the local Methodist church.

In December 1861, he had married Mary Murphy, the New York born daughter of an Irish immigrant. The couple had seven children. The University of Iowa holds a sizeable collection of letters Culver wrote to Mary during his Civil War service and after. Joseph Franklin Culver died on January 20, 1899. He was sixty four years old.

Joseph P. Wright was born in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania on December 25, 1836. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and graduated with the class of 1858 in July of that year. Wright then moved on to study medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia.

When the Civil War broke out, Wright enlisted in May 1861 as an assistant surgeon with the rank of first lieutenant. He served with the regular army's Fourth Artillery in Ohio during the remainder of that year. Wright then became medical purveyor for the Department of the Ohio on the staffs of Generals McClellan and Rosencrans. In July 1862, he moved to General Grant's headquarters with the Army of Tennessee, acting as chief of the medical purveyor's department until June 1863. At that time, he became the officer in charge of the army's general hospital in Memphis. Wright was then named assistant medical director for the Army of the Cumberland in March 1864. He served in that capacity until the surrender, when Wright resumed his post as head of the Memphis hospital, a position he held until February 1866.

By this time, Wright had risen to acting lieutenant colonel and had decided on a military career. He received a regular commission as captain and assistant surgeon in May 1866 and was promoted to major and surgeon two months later. Wright's later career echoed the tasks of the army for the next two decades. He was stationed at Boston Harbor for three years. Wright then spent the next five years in the Dakota Territory, where he was chief medical officer on the Yellowstone and Powder River Expedition in Montana in the summer of 1872. He also spent one year as the chief medical officer of the New Mexico Territory, and he was post surgeon for Fort Leavenworth and its United States Military Prison for seven years.

No records have been found to indicate that Wright ever married. Joseph Payson Wright died on October 8, 1900. He was fifty-three years old.

Joshua A. Lippincott was born in Burlington County, New Jersey on January 31, 1835 to Crispin and Elizabeth Garwood Lippincott.  He prepared for college at the Pennington Seminary and enrolled at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1855, along with his older half-brother, Benjamin Crispin Lippincott.  While at the college, Joshua Lippincott was elected to the Belles Lettres Society.  He graduated with his class and his brother in the early summer of 1858.

Lippincott immediately took up a post at his old school and remained at Pennington Seminary teaching mathematics and German until 1862. At that time, he became a high school principal and superintendent of schools in Scranton, Pennsylvania.  Lippincott then moved on to Trenton, New Jersey in 1865 to become principal of the boy's section of the New Jersey State Model School there.  He moved again in 1869 to teach school in Baltimore, Maryland for three years.

Lippincott also qualified as a Methodist pastor and served the Methodist Episcopal Church in Hackensack, New Jersey between 1872 and 1874.  From there he returned to Dickinson as a professor of mathematics and astronomy.  While at his alma mater, he became a chief advisor to Captain Richard Henry Pratt at the new Indian school in the town.  Lippincott coined the often quoted phrase "to save the child we must kill the Indian in him" and believed that any Indian school must be located in a place like Pennsylvania, far removed from recent Native American areas.  For this reason, he opposed the establishment of an Indian school in Lawrence, Kansas.  Ironically, Lippincott ultimately accepted an appointment as the fourth chancellor of the fledgling University of Kansas when his predecessor there took over that new Indian school.  He served as a capable leader for the university from 1883 to 1889 and then became pastor of the first Methodist Church of Topeka. Lippincott later returned east to Philadelphia, where he served as a trustee of Dickinson beginning in 1897 and as the corresponding secretary of the Methodist Hospital.

There are no records available to indicate that Lippincott married.  Interestingly, however, Dickinson archival records reveal that a woman in a village near to Carlisle admitted in old age to an illegitimate child born of "the mathematics professor at the College" and stated that her immediate family had protected her and her child from the accompanying shame.  It is not possible to prove whether or not this story is true, but this tale certainly does not seem immediately to fit the image of Lippincott as students and colleagues at Kansas described him -- as too "dour, pious, and grim."  Joshua Allan Lippincott died in Los Angeles, California on December 30, 1906.  He was seventy years old.

Lemuel Todd was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on July 29, 1817.  He entered the class of 1839 at Dickinson College in his home town, took the classical course, and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society.  Upon graduation, he studied law in the offices of General Samuel Alexander, an earlier Dickinson graduate, and, when he was called to the Cumberland County bar in 1841, took up a partnership with Alexander and began a practice in Carlisle.

Todd's reputation grew and, in 1854, he ran for the United States Congress as a Republican and was elected.  He sat from early 1855 to early 1857 but failed in his reelection bid of 1856 in a district that was by that time largely Democratic.  He returned to his legal work in Carlisle until April 1861, when he raised a company of volunteers in the county at the outbreak of the Civil War.  This unit was accepted for three years service in June of 1861 and became Company I of the First Reserve, 30th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.  He was promoted to Major and third in command of the unit.  He fought with the 30th in a series of engagements including Gaines Mill, Second Bull Run, and South Mountain, briefly taking command of the unit at one point.  Severe attacks of illness in the summer of 1862 saw him withdraw from the regiment on September 15, 1862.  In the winter of 1862-63 he organized the influx of drafted men in the eastern half of the state at Philadelphia and Governor Curtin appointed him as Inspector General of state troops on the governor's staff and was therefore responsible for militia and State Guard units, especially during the "emergency" that Lee's summer 1863 invasion brought on.  Following the war, Todd returned to practice in Carlisle.  He was again elected to Congress from the district as a Republican in 1872 and served one term between 1873 and 1875, declining renomination.

In 1849 Todd married Sarah Anna Watson of Adams County and the couple had several children, one of whom, Edward, attended Dickinson.  Lemuel Todd practiced law until his death on May 12, 1891.  He was seventy-three years old.

Leven W. Luckett hailed from Loudon County, Virginia. He entered Dickinson as a sophomore in the fall of 1855. He stayed only one year, however, and does not appear in the catalogue for 1856. While a student, Luckett was a member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society. Evidence indicates that he subsequently attended the University of Virginia.

Luckett entered the Confederate States Army, most likely in the early summer of 1861. He served as a private in Company D, 8th Virginia Infantry. He was wounded on June 27, 1862 at Gaines Mill, Virginia and died two days later.

Levi Scott was born on October 11, 1802 in Newcastle County, Delaware near Odessa. Little is known of his early life and education except that he was converted to the Methodist faith on October 16, 1822 at Fieldboro, Delaware and began to study in the church. He was appointed officially as a preacher and joined the Philadelphia Conference in April 1826.  He served in various circuits and parishes in the region and was appointed as an elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1834.

After having served as a trustee of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on behalf of the Methodist Conference between 1839 and 1841, Scott became the principal of Dickinson's Grammar School in 1840. During this time, the Grammar School was viewed as a preparatory division for admittance to Dickinson College, offering instruction to between forty and fifty students each year. He resigned from this position in 1843 and returned to his work with the church, although he maintained his contacts with the College and later rejoined its board.

Soon after leaving Dickinson, as a delegate to the 1844 national conference along with Dickinson College President John Price Durbin, he voted with the North in the great debate that split the Methodist Church over slavery.  By then he was also on the Board of Managers for the Pennsylvania Colonization Society and was prominent in the lively debates over the return of slaves to Africa.  He visited Liberia over a series of months and wrote a glowing prospectus for its potential.

He was elected and ordained as a bishop in Boston in 1852, the first person from Delaware so honored.  His work was untiring and influential in many parts of the church.  He set up the Wyoming Conference in 1852 and presided over the first Conference held in Nebraska, at Omaha, in April 1859. During the Civil War, he set up the Washington M. E. Conference, with the express aim of attracting African Americans and their churches.  In December 1866, these churches were strong enough to contemplate a seminary and Bishop Scott called and chaired a meeting that would found the institution that would eventually become Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland.

Bishop Scott returned to build a home in Odessa, Delaware after was named to the episcopate.  From there he was able to serve Dickinson College as an influential trustee from 1858 until his death. He was married. Despite being plagued with ill health most of his life, Scott was remarkably active. Levi Scott died in Odessa, Delaware on July 13, 1882 and was buried in the Union Methodist Church graveyard there. He was eighty-nine years old.

Littleton Washington was born in Washington D.C. on November 3, 1825, the son of Lund Washington, whose forebears were cousins of the family of the first president. He enrolled with the class of 1845 at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and, while there, was an active student, gaining election to the Belles Lettres Society. He was forced, though, to withdraw from the College due to family financial difficulties. He found gainful employment instead as a clerk in the U.S. Treasury.

Washington became a freelance journalist and then took the opportunity offered in a job as assistant collector in the United States Customs House in San Francisco, California, traveling by ship via Panama. He landed in the city at the time of the vigilante violence of 1856 and actively stood with the legal city government against the mob violence designed to rid the city of law breakers. With Buchanan's election, his position went to another and he returned to Washington, this time overland by way of Mexico, experiencing sundry adventures along the unruly and dangerous route. Back in the capitol, he drifted somewhat, fighting the occasional duel and moving on the fringes of government. He supported the hard-line Democrats and, when the split came, he followed his states' rights leanings, at one point helping to organize a pro-southern group called the "National Volunteers." When hostilities commenced in April 1861, he left Washington for Richmond.

Washington served for a time with a commission as a quartermaster in the Confederate Army, seeing action at the first battle of Bull Run before resigning. He served as editor of the Richmond Examiner and then, in 1861, entered the Confederate State Department as the personal secretary of the Secretary of State R. M. T. Hunter, a pre-war acquaintance. When Judah Benjamin took over from Hunter the following year, Washington remained in the department and became a vital part of the tiny department. He did see action once more during the war when, in late February and early March 1864, Union General Kilpatrick, together with a cavalry force under Colonel Ulric Dahlgren, attempted to raid Richmond, release the prisoners at Libby Prison, and capture Jefferson Davis. Washington joined a hastily raised "department clerks battalion" and helped defend the city from the failed raid. While at the State Department, rumors connected him to the Confederate spy networks, perhaps knowing fellow Dickinsonians, David Cloud and Thomas Conrad, then active in the service. Following the war, he returned to work as a journalist, covering the trial of Andersonville Prison commander Captain Heinrich Wirz in the autumn of 1865 for a Virginia newspaper. He also became active in southern veterans associations.

Washington never married. He died in the capital city on November 4, 1902 and is buried in the Congressional Cemetery there. He was seventy-seven years and a day old.

Marcus Lafayette Gordon was born in Gwinette County, Georgia on June 16, 1837. He was raised and educated in that county and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1858. While at Dickinson, Gordon was elected to the Belles Lettres Society. He graduated with his class and, after legal studies, was admitted to the bar in Lawrenceville, Georgia in his home county. Shortly after this, Gordon moved west to Waco, Texas, where he opened a law office.

The Civil War broke out soon after. On September 25, 1861, Gordon mustered into what was to become Company A, or the "Prairie Rovers," of the Eighth Texas Cavalry Regiment. This unit was popularly known as "Terry's Texas Rangers," although they were not technically state rangers. Gordon was elected as a third lieutenant and won promotions up to captain. He showed a proficiency for scouting missions and led "Gordon's Scouts" in 1863 as part of Wharton's Brigade. Gordon was seriously wounded at Shiloh in the Fallen Timbers charge on April 8, 1862, and the bullet was never removed. For some reason, records indicate that he ended the war once again with the rank of third lieutenant. Gordon returned to Lawrenceville, not Waco, and took up teaching for several years before entering business in the town. He operated a merchant company, Spence and Gordon, in partnership with J. D. Spence. The company was prospering at the time of Gordon's death.

In January 1868, Gordon married Kate Maltbie of Lawrenceville. The couple had three daughters: Mary, Hallie, and Clara. All three were born in Lawrenceville. In spring 1874, Gordon suffered a flare-up of infection above the hip at the site of his war wound. After a two-week illness, Marcus Lafayette Gordon died on April 28, 1874. He was thirty-seven years old.

Marcus Junius Parrott was born on October 29, 1828 in Hamburg, South Carolina, the son of a wealthy Quaker family. His parents left the South when he was a young boy and he grew up in Dayton, Ohio. He was prepared at the Dayton Academy, and went on to study at Ohio Wesleyan University. In December, 1847, Parrott was expelled from Ohio Wesleyan over a clash with his Greek instructor and his refusal to sign a pledge to respect that faculty member. He went on to spend his junior and senior years at Dickinson College in Carlsile, Pennsylvania where he was an active member in the Belles Lettres Society and was co-editor -- with Moncure Conway and John J. Jacob, the future governor of West Virginia -- of the pioneering student publication, the Collegian. Parrott graduated with his class in May, 1849 and moved to Boston, Massachusetts to attend the Cambridge Law School for two years. During his law school career Parrott attended many lectures at Faneuil Hall given by noted abolitionists such as Charles Sumner, George Thompson, William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Theodore Parker, and Frederick Douglas.

After law school, Parrott moved back to Dayton and practiced law for several years before serving as a Democrat in the Ohio Legislature from 1853 to 1854. Parrott's interest in the free-state and abolitionist cause prompted him to move to Leavenworth, Kansas in 1855, where he became a Kansas Supreme Court reporter and a representative to the Topeka Consitutional Convention that October. By this time an enthusiastic member of the Free-State Party and optimistic for the realization of a slave-free Kansas, Parrott served as a delegate to Congress for the Kansas Territory from 1857-1861. He was in Washington when Kansas was finally granted statehood in January 1861 as a free state and it was he who telegraphed the news to waiting Kansans. Parrott ran as one of the new U.S. Senators for the state but achieved only a narrow third. He failed similarly to win a House of Representatives seat as an Independent in 1862 and as a Democrat in 1874.

In the late 1860's Parrott retired to a farm outside Leavenworth with his wife and three children. His failing health prompted him to make a trip back to Ohio in 1877 to visit his relatives. After suffering from several strokes and paralysis, Parrott died there on October 4, 1879 at the age of fifty. He was buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Dayton.

Martin Herman was born on February 14, 1841 on the farm his German immigrant great-grandfather had cleared in 1771 near New Kingston, Pennsylvania.  He was one of the six children of Martin and Elizabeth Wolford Herman.  He prepared for college at the York County Academy under George Ruby and entered the class of 1862 at Dickinson College in September 1858.  His brother, David Herman, was a member of the class of 1865. While at the College, Martin was a member of Phi Kappa Psi and active in the Belles Lettres Society, for whom he was chosen to deliver the 76th anniversary oration in 1862; he also received the Silver Junior Prize Medal for oratory the year before.  He graduated with his class and entered the study of law with William Miller of Carlisle. 

Herman was called to the Cumberland County bar in January 1864 and opened a practice in Carlisle.  While still in his thirties, he was elected as the president judge of the Ninth Judicial District of Pennsylvania taking office in January 1874 and serving till 1884.  After this he continued his lucrative practice in Carlisle.

Martin Herman married Josie Adair of Carlisle on June 5, 1873 and the couple had four children.  He also served a term on the board of trustees of Dickinson from 1877 to 1878.  In late 1895 he suffered a stroke while in court and died at home in Carlisle after a lingering illness on January 18, 1896.  He was fifty-five years old.

Martin W. Bates was born in Salisbury, Connecticut on February 24, 1786.  Not of a family of means, he attended common schools there and in Berkshire County, Massachusetts.  When his family could not afford to send him to college, he continued to educate himself.  He taught school for some years, moving about in Maryland and then Delaware.  He also studied medicine in Philadelphia before settling in Dover, Delaware, where he first pursued commerce unsuccessfully and then married into one of the most prestigious families in the area.  He then studied law in the office of Thomas Clayton.  He was admitted to the Dover bar and began a practice in the town in October 1822.

This calling suited him and he prospered very quickly.  Bates was elected in 1826 to the state house as a Democrat.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in the elections of 1832, 1834, and 1838.   He later was a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1852.  He was selected to complete the United Senate term of Whig John Middleton Clayton who had died suddenly in November 1856.  He served from January 1857 to March 1859.  He was defeated in the following election by Willard Saulsbury and returned to private practice.  Between 1838 and 1851 he served on the board of trustees of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania where his adopted son had attended.

Bates married Mary Hillyard of Dover and for a time the couple lived at "Woodburn," the Hillyard family house and, since 1966, the mansion of the governors of Delaware.  The couple adopted the orphaned Daniel Elzey Moore in 1829 and raised him as their son.  Mary Bates died in 1847 and while he suffered some disabilities later in his life - he always used crutches after a thigh fracture in 1857  and suffered later from cataracts - Bates continued his legal work.  On January 1, 1869, Martin Waltham Bates died in Dover and was buried in the Old Presbyterian Cemetery in the town.  He was eighty-two years old.

Merritt Caldwell was born on November 29, 1806 to William and Nancy Caldwell of Oxford, Maine. He attended Bowdoin College and Medical School, graduating in 1828. He received his master’s degree from that institution in 1831. From 1828 until 1834, Caldwell was principal of the Maine Wesleyan Seminary.

Caldwell came to Dickinson College in 1834 as professor of mathematics, metaphysics, and political economy. He is credited with introducing the first biology classes at the college, known then as “natural science.” In 1841, he was forced by ill health to take a break from teaching, but returned to the school upon his sufficient recovery. Caldwell traveled to London in 1846 where he participated in the World’s Temperance Conference before a four month tour of Europe. Caldwell’s delicate health had improved during his European tour, but this proved only temporary.

He resigned his position at the College in March 1848 due to failing health. Merritt Caldwell died of tuberculosis on June 6, 1848 in Portland, Maine.

Moncure Daniel Conway was born the second son of an old and distinguished family on March 17, 1832 in Stafford County, Virginia. His father, Walker Peyton Conway, was a prominent slaveholding landowner, a magistrate, and a representative to the Virginia legislature. His mother, Margaret Daniel Conway, could trace her family to the earliest days of the commonwealth. Both his parents had converted to Methodism, he from the Episcopalians and she from the Presbyterians, and the Conway children were exposed at an early age to evangelicalism. Moncure Conway first went to a family school and then attended the thriving Fredericksburg Classical and Mathematical Academy, a school that had educated George Washington and other famous Virginians. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a sophomore at the age of fifteen. Conway advanced quickly at the Methodist affiliated college and graduated with the class of 1849. While there he had begun his career as a writer, founding the College's first student publication, fell somewhat under the influence of Professor John McClintock, and had also embraced the Methodist Church. After thoughts about a career in law, and despite emerging doctrinal doubts, the young graduate became a circuit-riding Methodist minister in 1851. Increasingly uncomfortable with conformity, he soon left Methodism for Unitarianism and enrolled at Harvard's Divinity School. There he met Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had provided much of the impetus of Conway's intellectual development during his undergraduate years. On the great ethical and cultural question of the day, Conway was emerging as an abolitionist. By now the young Virginia aristocrat was well on his way to the freethinking that would make him famous.

Graduating from Harvard in 1854, he first took the Unitarian pulpit in Washington, D.C. His time in the capital was not a happy one, however. In theology Conway was becoming more radical, while his views on emancipation recommended the minority opinion that disunion was preferable to civil war. An independent South would be left to work out emancipation through the moral example of the North. This opinion pleased few members of his congregation on either side of the question, and he was relieved to take up a position in Cincinnati in late 1855 having despaired of advancing abolitionism with work in the south itself. In Ohio, a far more liberal membership welcomed him and he was able to continue his development in both study and writing. He also married Ellen Dana, the daughter of Charles Dana, and together the couple formed a strengthening partnership that ended with them leaving the Unitarian Church.

Meanwhile, Conway's greatest fears were realized with the outbreak of the Civil War and the splitting of both his family and his abiding love for his home state of Virginia. Still, he accepted a mission on behalf of northern abolitionists to explain anti-slavery and the Union cause to a divided Britain. He traveled to London in April 1863 and was well received in intellectual circles, befriending another one of his early heroes, Thomas Carlyle, as well as Robert Browning. But with a personal enthusiasm that overwhelmed his limited skills as a diplomat, he precipitously offered the Confederate representative in Britain, James Murray Mason, the full opposition of northern abolitionists to any further prosecution of the war in exchange for immediate emancipation of all slaves held in the Confederate states. Mason rebuffed him publicly, American abolitionism immediately disowned him, and he prudently explained himself to the United States ambassador, Charles Francis Adams, apologizing for any appearance of treason in his remarks. Feeling cut off from home, North and South, he took up an appointment at the South Place Chapel in London. The South Place Society, later the South Place Ethical Society, had been founded fifty years before on the ideals of personal virtue superceding faith or doctrine and Conway's new post gave him the opportunity to bloom as a student of religion and free thought. The more open intellectual climate of Britain also helped his exchanges of ideas with people as diverse as Swinburne, the Rossettis, and Annie Besant. Conway stayed for seventeen years, lecturing, traveling, and publishing some of his most well-known and memorable works.

When he returned to the United States in 1884 upon the death of his father, his publications had rehabilitated his reputation. This standing he enhanced with further works on Edmund Randolph, George Washington, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Thomas Paine to the point that his increasingly conservative alma mater awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1892 and asked him to serve as a trustee. In 1892, however, he returned to London and his position at the South Place Society. This tenure was cut short five years later in tragic circumstances when he was forced to bring his ailing wife home to die in New York on Christmas Day, 1897. The devoted couple had raised three children: two sons, Eustace (1859) and Dana (1865), and a daughter, Mildred (1868), who would later marry the accomplished architect Phillip Sawyer.

With the loss of his life's companion, coupled with the imperialistic "spreadeaglism" that he saw as afflicting his country in the advent of the Spanish-American War, Conway left his homeland again. He lived the remainder of his life mostly in Paris and London, with periodic visits to lecture in the United States, writing further on Paine (including a two-volume biography), and speaking in the cause of free thought and world peace. In 1905, his friend Andrew Carnegie donated funds to Dickinson College for the construction of Conway Hall which was used as the preparatory school until 1917 and then served as a freshman residence hall. Moncure Daniel Conway died alone amidst his books and writings in his Paris apartment on November 15, 1907. He was seventy-five years old.

Mordecai McKinney was born in Middletown in central Pennsylvania in 1796.  His parents, Mordecai and Mary (Molly) Chambers McKinney, who owned a store in the town, sent him to Dickinson College in Carlisle where he graduated with the class of 1814.  He then studied law under Stephen Duncan of Carlisle, the father of his classmate Robert Duncan, and was admitted to the Dauphin County bar in Harrisburg in May 1817.

He served as district attorney of Union County between 1821 and 1824; he was then clerk of the Dauphin County commissioners from 1824 until October 23, 1827, when he was appointed an associate judge of the county court.  Seen by most as honest and modest, McKinney did not acquire more than a comfortable income but poured his attentions into the study of the law.  He published profusely on the subject, including the well known McKinney's Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania as well as The Pennsylvania Justice of the Peace in two volumes in 1839 and The American Magistrate and Civil Officer in 1850, among others.

As the son of slaveholders on both sides of his parentage, and as a man who married a daughter of a slave holding family, McKinney's main legacy may have been his extensive legal and cultural work with both the African-American population of Harrisburg and the escaped families of the underground railroad that came through the city. He had developed strong anti-slavery views and had been active in the Liberty Party in 1847, serving on the central committee of the party's convention held in Harrisburg. Before and after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, he represented many local African-Americans and runaways from the south in the significantly hostile legal atmosphere of the Pennsylvania capital. He also aided in other ways, helping to found the African-American Second Prebyterian Church on Walnut Street.

He married Rachel Graydon who died on April 12, 1856.  Judge McKinney himself died in Harrisburg on December 17, 1867 after having been struck down by a city streetcar three days before.  He was buried in the Harrisburg Cemetery. Mordecai McKinney was seventy-one years old.

Nathaniel Smithers was born in Dover, Delaware on October 8, 1818 the son of county prothonotary Nathaniel and Susan Fisher Barratt Smithers. He was educated at Ezra Scovell's school in Dover and then at the West Nottingham Academy under Rev. James Magraw. He gained his undergraduate degree at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania in 1836 and then, after funding his further education with teaching for a year in Maryland, entered the law department of Dickinson College, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1840. He was admitted to the Dover bar and practiced for many years there, beginning in 1841.

As a Whig, he turned down the nomination to run for Congress in 1844 but did serve as clerk of the State Legislature in 1845 and 1847. He was a delegate to the Whig Convention in Philadelphia that nominated Millard Fillmore in 1848. He became estranged with the mainstream of the Whigs in the state when the party rejected the gradual abolition of slavery and voted in local option concerning alcohol in 1847. He co-operated with the American Party but did not become a member. He was a chair of the state delegation to the Republican Convention in Chicago that nominated Lincoln. Smithers served as secretary of state for Delaware under Governor Cannon from January till November 1863 when he was elected to the U.S. Congress to fill a vacancy opened with the death of Democrat William Temple. While there he served on the critical Special Committee of Reconstruction and helped turn down the efforts of Arkansas and Louisiana members to be re-admitted. He also shepherded the amendment through Congress which abolished the purchase of relief from the draft. At the Baltimore Republican Convention in 1864, he was a member of the executive committee but did not support Andrew Johnson's nomination as vice-president. By now an Unconditional Unionist, he was defeated after that one term by fellow Dickinsonian John Anthony Nicholson, a Democrat, in 1864 and returned to private practice. He did continue to lead the Delaware Republican delegation, in 1868 nominating Grant and in 1880 voting for Blaine. Back in Dover, he was president of the First National Bank and served on the school board. Dickinson College awarded him the honorary doctorate in 1890.

He was married to Mary Smithers, a half cousin, and the couple had four children, only one of whom survived into adulthood. Her brother was Enoch Joyce Smithers. After Mary's death, he married Mary Barratt Townsend of Frederica, Delaware. Nathaniel Barratt Smithers died in Dover on January 16, 1896 and was buried in the Old Methodist Century there. He was eighty-seven years old.

Nathaniel Garland Keirle was born in Baltimore, Maryland on October 10, 1833. He was the eldest child of three born to Matthew M. Keirle and Sarah Jacobs Garland Keirle. He was raised by his grandmother, as his father died of typhoid and his mother of tuberculosis before his seventh birthday. Keirle attended St. Mary's Seminary in the city, Public School # 6, and City High School. He then enrolled at the Dickinson College Preparatory School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania for a year. Keirle entered the College proper in 1851. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and graduated second in his class in the early summer of 1855. He returned to Baltimore and, because he had wanted to become a lawyer, rather reluctantly entered medical studies. He earned an M.D. in 1858.

Keirle served as resident physician at the Baltimore Almshouse Infirmary for five years, at one point tackling a typhus epidemic there and winning a medal from the city for his efforts. He also served for a time as a volunteer surgeon after the battle of Gettysburg in one of the many hospitals surrounding the town, but he contracted pleurisy and returned to Baltimore. Keirle opened his own practice on West Franklin Street there and also served as the physician in charge at the City Hospital Dispensary. However, he much preferred teaching and the theoretical to practice with live patients. By 1894, he was a full professor of both Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence at the University of Maryland. Keirle also served as the medical examiner of Baltimore County, carrying out hundreds of post-mortem examinations. This experience prompted a deep interest in the rabies contagion, and he helped found the Pasteur Institute in Baltimore with himself at its head. It was this that gained him lasting fame. His work with rabies patients was unusually successful, and he published a widely admired thesis on the disease entitled Studies in Rabies in 1906.

In January 1870, Keirle married Mary Elizabeth Jones of Talbot County, Maryland. The couple had three children. Sadly, the tragedy of Keirle's early life was repeated when death visited his own family. One of his daughters died at the age of ten, his wife passed away soon after in 1882, and the following year his second daughter died at the age of sixteen. His surviving son, Nathaniel Garland Keirle, Jr., began a brilliant medical career, but died suddenly in 1908 before his thirty-fourth birthday. Nathaniel Garland Keirle himself died in Baltimore in 1918. He was eighty-five years old.

Nathaniel T. Lupton was born to Nathaniel and Elizabeth Hodgson Lupton on December 30, 1830 near Winchester in Frederick County, Virginia.  He received preparation for undergraduate studies at Newark Academy in Delaware. Lupton then entered the Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1849 as a junior in 1846, planning to study the law.  While at the College, he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society.  

Lupton graduated with his class fully intending to become a lawyer, but succumbed soon after to a flattering job offer as professor of chemistry at Aberdeen Female College, a Methodist institution in Mississippi.  A year later, in the fall of 1852, he was named to the same post at another Methodist female college in Petersburg, Virginia.  In 1854, at the age of twenty-four, Lupton became president of the Petersburg College and served in that post for two years.  He next moved on to a position as professor of chemistry at Randolph-Macon College in 1856, then took a professorship at the newly opening Southern University in Greensboro, Alabama.  Since Lupton was not to begin teaching at Southern until 1859, he was able to travel to Europe to equip the science laboratories of the new institution.  There he took the opportunity to spend the year 1858 studying under Robert Bunsen at the University of Heidelberg.  Lupton left Southern University for a time during the Civil War in order to help run the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau so vital to the continued supply of ammunition to southern fighting forces.  His works at Selma, Alabama were providing 500 pounds of powder a day in 1864. When the Union Army overran the factories in 1865, they destroyed 6,000 rounds of artillery ordnance, 70,000 rounds of small arms ammunition, and 14,000 pounds of powder.  Lupton returned to Southern and remained there until 1871, when he left to become the fifth president of the newly re-organizing University of Alabama.

The University of Alabama had suffered grievously during the war; the Tuscaloosa campus had been almost completely destroyed. Lupton struggled manfully with the institution's financial and personnel problems.  When he left the university for a post at the new Vanderbilt University in 1874, it was with the appreciation of both faculty and trustees.  Lupton spent eleven years in Tennessee. There he served as chemistry professor and head of the School of Pharmacy, again traveling to Europe to stock Vanderbilt's laboratories with equipment. His final move was to the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, modern day Auburn University, the founding of which had been a source of heated debate in his days at the University of Alabama twelve years before.  Lupton combined that teaching position with the post of State Chemist of Alabama.  He was at Auburn from 1885 until his death.

Lupton involved himself with several western mining ventures after the Civil War. He spent many of his summers traveling in remote parts of Mexico, assaying mines, fishing, and collecting specimens of native mountain trout.  He also interested himself in Native American relics and burial mounds.

In September 1854, Lupton married Ella Virginia Allemong of Newtown, Virginia.  The couple had three children, including Kate, who was the first woman to graduate from Vanderbilt University.  A devout Methodist, Lupton spent most of his career in Methodist influenced institutions from Dickinson onwards. Lupton was also a Democrat in politics. Nathaniel Thomas Lupton died at Auburn on June 11, 1893.  He was sixty-two years old.

Nehemiah Fountain was born in Denton, in Caroline County, Maryland in December 1834, one of the five children and the only son of Nehemiah and Lydia Fountain. His father was a shoemaker and a prominent citizen of the small town. The son was educated locally and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1854. Good looking and elegant in dress, he was an excellent and popular student. He was a member of Zeta Psi and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and graduated near the top of his class. Following graduation, he studied law, passed the Maryland bar, and opened a practice in his home town.

Just before the outbreak of the Civil War, he had moved to Woodstock, Virginia to continue his profession. At the outbreak of war, he enlisted as a second lieutenant in Company F of the 10th Virginia Infantry. His unit fought at the first battle of Manassas (Bull Run), in the Shenandoah Valley campaigns of 1862 near his home, and then in the fighting around Richmond later that year. He was elected captain of his company during the battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. On July 2, 1863, he was captured early in the Battle of Gettysburg and remained a prisoner of war in Maryland, Delaware, and Ohio for almost two years before being exchanged in February 1865.

Following the war, he returned to practice law in Woodstock. He had married Mary Catherine Welsh, a woman from the area, on April 23, 1861, five days after his enlistment. In January 1876, Nehemiah Fountain died at his home in Woodstock. He was forty-one years old.

Though never an employee of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Noah Pinkney was one of its most famous names for forty years. Known to Dickinson students as "Pink" or "Uncle Noah" for all of that time, Pinckney was born a slave in Frederick County, Maryland on December 31, 1846. During the war he became "contraband" and in 1863, he travelled to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to enlist in the Union Army. He served under General Butler and, according to the Dickinsonian, was present at the Appomattox Court House in April 1865 when General Lee surrendered.

Following the war he made his home in Harrisburg where he lived until he moved to Carlisle in 1884. From the next twenty years, "Pink" sold pretzels, sandwiches, ice cream, cakes, and pies from under the steps East College and also made nightly rounds of the undergraduate rooms. On the coldest of winter days he would sell his treats from his three room house on West Street. Students would listen for his common line of "Fine as silk, sah. Dickinson sandwitches, fine as silk." In 1894, he was forbidden to sell his treats on campus, and after a time serving students from outside of the East College gate, he suspended his operations for a few months. By the next spring, though, his catering had once again recommenced from his home on 137 North West Street. The May 1895 issue of the Dickinsonian celebrated the fact that "Once more is heard, the old, familiar cry, 'Let's go to Pinkney's'".

After suffering for several months after a slight stroke, Noah Pinkney died at his West Street home on August 6, 1923 at the age of 77.

Oliver James Dickey was born on April 6, 1823 in Old Brighton, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, where his father, John Dickey, was postmaster and later sheriff.  The older Dickey also served in the State senate and was a Whig member of the U.S. Congress in two terms during the 1840s.  The son began his education at Beaver Academy before entering Dickinson College in 1839 with the class of 1844.  He left his course in 1843 before graduating, and took up the study of law in Beaver, Pennsylvania with James Allison, who himself had served in Congress twenty years before.

Dickey was called to the Pennsylvania bar in 1844 and moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania where he became for a time, until 1857, a law partner of yet another congressman, the renowned Thaddeus Stevens.  He was elected the district attorney of Lancaster County between 1856 and 1859.  At the outbreak of the Civil War he helped organize and served as lieutenant colonel of the 10th Pennsylvania Volunteers, a ninety day unit mustered in on April 20, 1861 and out on July 31, 1861.  He also was involved in other militia units raised temporarily during the conflict.  When Stevens died, Dickey was selected in December 1868 to fill the short remainder of his term, and, in a coincidence of timing, was on the same day elected as a Republican to the following Forty-first Congress.  He was reelected and served until March 1873.  He was not a candidate in late 1872 and his seat was taken up by A. Herr Smith, a fellow Republican and Dickinsonian.  He resumed his practice in Lancaster.  In his political career he attended fifteen state and two national conventions, including the Chicago meeting that nominated Lincoln.  In business, he was a founder and owner of a cotton mill and president of a hose company in Lancaster.

Dickey had married in 1857 Elizabeth Shenk of Lancaster County and the couple had four children.  Oliver James Dickey died at home on April 21, 1876 and is buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery in Lancaster.  He was fifty-three years old.

Otis Gibson was born in Moira, New York in 1825. In September 1850, he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1854. A big man, while at the College he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and fell under the influence of Professor Erastus Wentworth, a devout Methodist and chair of Natural Philosophy. Following his graduation with his class in July 1854 he determined to accompany Wentworth on the mission to China he was leading. Gibson, after preaching in Carlisle for the last time two weeks before, sailed for Foochow in China on April 3, 1855.

He spent ten years as a Methodist missionary in China before returning to Moira in 1866 as a pastor. In 1868 he removed to San Francisco, California having been appointed head of the Methodist Church's "Chinese Domestic Mission" designed to minister to the increasing number of Chinese immigrants in area of the California Conference. He efficiently set up a lasting mission in the city, dedicating an impressive mission building, including a flat for his family, on Washington Street on Christmas Day, 1870. Noting the parlous condition of Chinese immigrant women in the area, Gibson and his wife had already instituted on August 10, 1870, the Women's Missionary Society of the Pacific Coast, enlisting area Methodist women to organize the rescue and protection of exploited immigrant women. A tireless worker for the Chinese, he protested constantly in the local press or from the platform their often harsh and exploitative treatment. In 1877 he published The Chinese in America , as powerful a defense of the Chinese immigrant that appeared in print during the nineteenth century. His influence in the Methodist movement grew and in 1881 he was an invited delegate to the worldwide Ecumenical Conference on Methodism held in London. His work came to an end in November 1884 when he suffered a serious stroke that left him permanently disabled.

Gibson had married Elizabeth Chamberlin Gibson who became an influential partner in his work in San Francisco. The couple had a daughter, Myra, and a son, William, who was later a lawyer active in the Bay Area on cases involving his parents' work. Otis Gibson died in San Francisco after a long illness on January 25, 1889. He was sixty-two years old.

Ovando Super was born March 2, 1848 in Juniata Township, Pennsylvania, to Henry and Mary Diener Super. He attended local schools but largely prepared himself for college. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1871 and graduated near the head of the class in 1873. While a student he had been selected to the Belles Lettres Literary Society.

Following graduation, Super taught modern languages at Delaware College from 1873 to 1876. He then traveled to Leipzig and Paris to study German and French. Upon his return to the United States, Super became instructor in languages at the Dickinson Seminary, now Lycoming College; during this time he was awarded his master's degree from Dickinson College.  In 1880 he left for Denver College where he took the position of professor of modern languages.  While teaching at Denver, he earned a Ph.D. from Boston University.  Super returned to his alma mater in 1884, this time as a professor of modern languages, teaching French, German, and Spanish. He also wrote many textbooks for students of the French and German languages.  He also edited the Alumni Record at the College. He remained on the faculty at Dickinson until his retirement in 1913. His brother Dr. C.W. Super, class of 1866, had been president of Ohio University.

In July 1880, Super had married Emma Murray Lefferts of New York City. The couple had three daughters. During his retirement in San Diego, California, his sight failed and he continued his scholarship by learning Braille.  Early in 1935, Super developed a serious stomach ailment.  His health problems were further complicated by a fall while at his daughter's house in Bakersfield a few months later. Ovando Super never recovered from this accident and subsequently died in his sleep at his daughter's home on October 29, 1935. He was eighty-eight years old.

Philip A. H. Brown was born on January 3, 1842 to John and Sarah Harrison Auld Brown in Baltimore, Maryland.  He prepared for his undergraduate years at Lynchburg College in Virginia and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the fall of 1857.  While at the College, Brown became a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity and was elected to the Belles Lettres Society.  He graduated with his class in 1860.

By the spring of 1862, Brown was a sergeant in the Fourth Battery, Maryland Artillery, known also as "the Chesapeake Battery," in the Army of Northern Virginia.  He served the Confederacy until the end of the war, mustering out as a sergeant in May 1865. He saw action in some of the larger encounters of the war, including Cedar Mountain, Cold Harbor, and Gettysburg, where his unit lost heavily.  Following the war, Brown engaged in the transportation trade. By 1871, he had also completed religious training and was ordained in the Episcopal Church.  He served as the seventh rector of Christ Church in Cooperstown, New York between 1872 and 1874. He was also the vicar of the Trinity Parish in Verick Street, New York City from 1875 to 1909.

Brown married Jane Russell Averell Carter of Cooperstown in 1879. The couple had eight children.  On September 15, 1909, the Reverend Philip Auld Harrison Brown died and was buried in Cooperstown in the Christ Church graveyard.  He was sixty-seven years old.

Philip Thomas was born the son of a prominent physician in Talbot County, Maryland on September 12, 1810.  He attended his home academy in Easton and then went on to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, entering with the class of 1830.  He attended during two of the most chaotic years in the history of the College concerning student discipline.  Thomas was involved with the November 24, 1828 incident in which the college janitor was ejected from his apartments in the dead of night and damage was caused to the rooms.  In December, Thomas and several others were suspended for a month when the faculty discovered their role in this incident.  Thomas served his suspension but then was dismissed for refusing to sign the pledge of good behavior that the faculty was requiring of students, after a late January "riot" caused by the mandatory attendance of daily chapel resulted in the suspension of the entire student body.  He returned to Maryland and took to studying the law privately.  He was admitted to the Maryland Bar in 1831.

Thomas entered politics as a Democrat, but he ran unsuccessfully for the state legislature in 1834 and 1836 since his environs were strongly pro-Whig.  He was elected, however, to the United States Congress in 1838 and served until 1840 when he declined re-nomination.  He returned to the state house in 1843 and four years later secured the Democratic nomination for governor and was subsequently elected, serving until 1851.  After this he served in a variety of posts in Maryland, including the collector of the port of Baltimore, until he was named first as United States Commissioner of Patents and then in December 1860 as James Buchanan's Secretary of the Treasury.  He remained in this post for only a matter of weeks and resigned with other southern members of the Cabinet as the hostilities between North and South escalated.  His son enlisted in the Confederate Army.

By 1863, he was again in the Maryland House and became a United States senator in 1867.  He was, however, barred by the Senate as a person "who had given aid and comfort" to the Confederate cause.  He was accepted as a United States representative on his election in 1874, serving a single term before returning to the Maryland House.  He never achieved the seat in the Senate he desired and returned to his law practice in Easton.

He married Sarah Maria Kerr in 1835 and then, when widowed in 1870, married Clintonia (Wright) May, the daughter of Maryland Governor and U.S. Senator Robert Wright.  In all, he had thirteen children, though only three daughters survived him.  On October 2, 1890, Philip Francis Thomas died in Baltimore and was buried in Easton. He was eighty years old.

Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the second son of Charles and Valeria Fullerton Biddle Penrose on March 24, 1827; his elder brother was William McFunn Penrose.  He was educated at the local Dickinson Grammar School and entered Dickinson College proper in 1842, graduating with the class of 1846.  He went on to the medical school at the University of Pennsylvania and received his medical degree in March 1849.

Penrose was a resident at the Philadelphia Hospital between 1850 and 1853 and also opened a private practice in 1851.  He was the visiting physician for the Southern Home for Children in the city and later, in 1856, helped found the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He was to continue as a consultant for the Philadelphia Hospital from 1855 to 1864.  Meanwhile, Penrose began teaching in his specialty of the diseases of women and children both at the Philadelphia Hospital and in private lessons.  His reputation as a fine teacher led to his appointment in 1863 to the professorship of obstetrics and diseases of women and children at the University of Pennsylvania; he served in this post till 1889.  His attentions were distracted for a time, however, when, during the Civil War, he took up the post of Acting Assistant Surgeon in the Union Army as a doctor at the Satterlee Army Hospital in Philadelphia between 1862 and 1864.  After the war, his reputation continued to grow and he was instrumental in the founding of the Gynecian Hospital in Philadelphia and the American Gynecological Society in 1876. In 1875, Dickinson College awarded him an honorary doctorate of letters.

On September 28, 1858, Penrose married Sarah Hannah Boies of Wilmington, Delaware and the couple had seven sons, including Boies Penrose, later a United Senator from Pennsylvania, and Richard A.F. Penrose, Jr., later a famous geologist.  Sarah died in 1881 and, on December 26, 1908, Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose died of pneumonia in Philadelphia.  He was eighty-one years old.

Richard Armstrong was born in Turbotville, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania on April 13, 1805.  He entered Dickinson College with the class of 1827 and upon graduation entered the Princeton Theological Seminary.  He was ordained by the Baltimore Presbytery on October 7, 1831 and a month later sailed from New Bedford, Massachusetts on a mission to the Pacific Islands.  Armstrong helped make up the "fourth reinforcement" of the Presbyterian mission to the Hawaiian Islands, arriving in May 1832.  He first took charge of the mission at Nukahiva in the northern islands of the Marquesas group, known then as the Washington Islands.  From there he went to the mission at Wailuku, Maui in July 1834 and served there until 1840.  He returned to Honolulu on Oahu to take up the leadership of the First Church in November 1840 upon the return of Hiram Bingham, first leader of the mission, to the United States.

The Protestant mission developed a close relationship with the royal family of the islands, and in December 1847 Armstrong was named to the king's cabinet as minister of instruction and president of the board of education.  He was also appointed to a seat in the House of Nobles, and to a membership in the Privy Council under Kamehameha III.  His own mission approved of these steps and also transferred its Lahainaluna Seminary to the government. By 1858 the government was able to boast of 285 free schools with almost 10,000 pupils all over the islands.  Armstrong was also responsible for opening the first library in the islands, the Honolulu Athenaeum, in 1851.

Armstrong's work was not without controversy.   He had been in charge of the initial vaccination program which by February 1853 seemed to have halted a smallpox epidemic effecting the islands.   However, a new outbreak struck later in the year, killing more than 3000 native inhabitants and bringing chaos to Honolulu.  Factions hostile to a strong Hawaiian government took the opportunity to accuse Armstrong and another powerful cabinet member Gerrit Judd of negligence.  Petitions were gathered for their removal, but the king forestalled any political problems by asking for the resignation of his entire council.  He then promptly reappointed all but Judd.

Armstrong married Clarissa Chapman of Bridgeport, Connecticut in September 1831, eight weeks before their embarkation on the mission.  They had ten children, most notably Samuel Chapman Armstrong, who completed his education at Williams College and later founded the Hampden Institute.  In September 1860, Richard Armstrong was thrown from his horse and died of his injuries.  His loss was widely mourned and King Liholiho himself authored the obituary for the Honolulu native papers.

Richard Bennett Carmichael was born the only son of William and Sarah Downes Carmichael to an old and wealthy Maryland family in Centreville, Queen Anne County on December 25, 1807. His father had shared rooms in Annapolis with future chief justice Roger Brooke Taney and the two men remained friends till William died in 1853. Richard was schooled locally and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1827. While at the College he was elected to the Union Philosophical Society in 1825 but withdrew later to attend Princeton, where he graduated in 1828. He subsequently studied law and opened a practice in his home town in 1830.

Almost immediately after starting his legal career, he was elected to the Maryland house of delegates and two years later, at the age of twenty five, was elected to the United States Congress as a Jacksonian Democrat. He served one term, returned to Centreville, and later, in 1841, went again to the state house, where he served multiple terms over more than two decades. He remained very active in Democratic politics, acting as a delegate to the party's national convention. in 1856. In 1858 he was appointed an associate justice on the 10th Judicial Circuit that encompassed four local counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, including his own.

In 1855 Carmichael, a slaveholder, had been at the center of a celebrated runaway slave case when Phoebe Myers, a free African-American woman in Queen Anne County, was sentenced to more than forty years in prison for harboring two of Carmichael's slave families who had fled bondage. Carmichael, who could afford to be magnanimous and who was a devout Episcopalian, helped petition the Maryland governor for clemency and Myers was pardoned in May 1856, having served less than five months.

In an even more celebrated case, Carmichael himself was to experience life behind bars when in on May 27, 1862, federal officials dragged him from his bench in the Talbot County circuit courtroom, according to some reports, pistol-whipped and bloody, and threw him into a military prison as a subversive and Confederate sympathizer. Carmichael, a strict constructionist following very publicly Chief Justice Taney's opinions on arbitrary arrest, had long resisted President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus often directing grand juries to indict the officials who carried out arrests without warrant. General John Dix, military governor in the area, lost patience after some months of this and ordered his arrest and incarceration without trial. Held at Fort McHenry, then Forts Lafayette and Delaware, Carmichael constantly demanded release or trial, even writing Lincoln personally, but got neither. When he was set free after more than five months, he attempted again to direct grand juries as he had before but by this time the state was under solid Union control and citizens serving on these juries returned no indictment. Disheartened, Carmichael eventually resigned from the court in 1864. Following the Civil War, he again involved himself with Democratic politics. He continued to serve as elector at the national conventions of 1864, 1868, and 1876, and was the president of the Maryland constitutional convention of 1867.

He had married his eighteen year old cousin Elizabeth Margaret Hollyday in 1835 and the couple had seven children. Elizabeth died in January 1883, ending almost forty-eight years of marriage. On October 21, 1884, Richard Bennett Carmichael died at his home "Belle Vue" on the Wye River and was buried in the family plot there. He was seventy six years old.

Richard Lee Turberville Beale was born in Hickory Hill, Virginia on May 22, 1819 to Robert and Martha Turberville Beale, a prominent Westmoreland County family.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1838 and was elected to the Union Philosophical Society. He retired from the College and completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Virginia.  He was admitted to the bar in 1839 and started a practice in his home county.

Beale also entered the realm of politics. He was elected as a Democrat to a term in the Thirtieth United States Congress in 1847, was a member of the 1851 Virginia constitutional convention, and served as a Virginia state senator from 1858 to 1860.  Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War, in May, 1861, he was commissioned a lieutenant of cavalry in Lee's Light Horse, a provisional unit which was later organized into the 9th Virginia Cavalry, known as "Lee's Legion," rising to the rank of major by October.  In 1862, he was named lieutenant colonel of the 9th Virginia and served in all the cavalry battles of the Army of Northern Virginia including Fredericksburg and the forays into Pennsylvania that led to Gettysburg. He remarked in his memoirs with affection seeing his old College during the brief occupation of Carlisle.  He later led his regiment but was wounded in a skirmish in September, 1863 and spent three months on convalescent leave.  He returned to duty in January 1864, and soon took command of his brigade and was named a brigadier general.  Official confirmation of his rank came in January, 1865. Ironically, Beale never was a "comfortable" soldier; throughout the war he bridled against the pettiness and administration of regular army life and threatened resignation on a routine basis. He offered once to command guerillas or even revert to the rank of private. His superiors always persuaded him to remain at his post and he developed by the end of the war into an outstanding commander of cavalry.

Following the war he went home to Hague, Virginia to practice law and involving himself in editing and local politics. He once again served in the United States Congress, being elected as a Democrat to finish the term of fellow Virginia cavalryman, Beverly B. Douglas, who had died in office. He was reelected to a full term in the next Congress and served from 1879 to 1881.  He returned to his practice and the writing of a history of the Ninth Virginia. Before the war, he had married Lucy Brown. Richard Lee Turberville Beale died in Westmoreland County on April 18, 1893 and was buried in the family plot at Hickory Hill. He was seventy-three years old.

Richard Watson Humphriss was born to Joshua and Ann Humphriss in Sudlersville, Maryland on May 27, 1836. He prepared for college at the Hyatt Academy and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the fall of 1854 with the class of 1857. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society but withdrew from the College after one year to take a position as the principal of the grammar school in Pottsdown, Pennsylvania. He also taught at the Williamsport Dickinson Seminary. He then completed studies at the Methodist Episcopal Biblical Institute in Concord, New Hampshire and entered the Philadelphia Conference of the Methodist Church as a clergyman. 

He transferred to the New Hampshire Conference in 1861 and was pastor at the Wesley Church in Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1863. He then moved on to the Providence Conference and the County Street Chucrch in New Bedford. He finally setttled into the Philadelphia Conference structure in 1868 and the served the congregations of Trinity Church, Christ Church, St John's, Green Street, Grace Church, and several others in a remarkable career in the city. In addition to this, he was a pastor in Reading and Chester, Pennsylvania and was for a time chaplain to the Pennsylvania Military College in West Chester outside the city of Philadelphia. He was pastor of the Eighteenth Street Church in the city from 1902 untill his retirement in 1905.

In March 1863, he had married Mary Isabella Tilson of New Hampshire. The couple had a daughter they named Annie Florence. Richard Watson Humphriss died on April 5, 1918 and was buried at the Mount Moriah Cemetery in Philadelphia. He was eighty one years old.

Robert Cooper Grier was born on March 5, 1794 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, the eldest of the eleven children of Presbyterian minister Isaac Grier, a member of the Dickinson class of 1788 and his wife Mary Cooper Grier. Schooled by his father, he entered Dickinson at seventeen and finished in one year as a graduate of the class of 1812. Following this, he served briefly as the principal of the Dickinson Grammar School. He then joined his father at his Northumberland Academy, teaching Latin and Greek, and replaced him as headmaster when he died in 1814. He studied the law and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1817.

He began practice in Bloomsburg and then moved to the county seat at Danville. There he married Isabelle Rose, in 1829, and developed a thriving private practice. Thanks to his staunch Jacksonian views he was named in 1833 as President Judge of the District Court of Allegheny County. He served that bench for thirteen years and developed a deserved reputation as a highly competent judge.

Supreme Court Justice Baldwin had died in 1844, and the two year saga of two presidents (Tyler and Polk), at least three nominees rejected by the Senate, and others (including Buchanan) turning down the nomination, ended when the United States Senate unanimously confirmed Robert Cooper Grier as President Polk's appointment to the Supreme Court on August 5, 1846. He joined another Dickinsonian on the nation's highest court, Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney. Justice Grier sat during a tumultuous period, rendering opinions in various landmark cases, including the famous Dred Scott Case or Scott v. Sandford in 1857. As the only northern justice to concur with the majority in this case and his adamant support of fugitive slave laws, he was bitterly denounced by abolitionists. He was also accused of engaging in unethical behavior, as a result of intimate correspondence concerning pending legal matters with incoming President James Buchanan, throughout the duration of the Dred Scott case.

Happily for his place in history, his service on the Court over the next decade was unmarked by further stain. On the outbreak of the Civil War, though still a Democrat, he became a staunch supporter of the Union. He cast the deciding vote and delivered the historic opinion on "the Prize Cases" in 1863 which validated the Union's blockade and defined the extent of governmental power in the face of armed rebellion. Serving through the tenure of eight presidents, Grier perhaps stayed too long on the bench. Though he had previously attended every single session during his years as an Associate Justice--he was muscular and over six feet tall--a series of strokes after 1867 reduced his participation to almost nothing and he finally heeded pleas for his retirement on January 31, 1870. He died in Philadelphia on September 25, later that year, aged 76.

His wife Isabelle died in December, 1886. The couple had one daughter, born in 1830.

Robert Emory was born in 1814 to Bishop John Emory and his wife.  The elder Emory had served as president of the Dickinson College Board of Trustees from 1833 to 1835, and is the namesake of both Emory University in Georgia and Emory and Henry College in Virginia.  The younger Emory attended Columbia University and graduated at the top of his class in 1831.  He then studied law under Reverend Johnson in Baltimore. In 1836, Emory joined the faculty of Dickinson as professor of Latin and Greek at the Grammar School.  He remained at this post until 1840 when he resigned in order to work in the ministry.  During President Durbin's trip abroad in 1842 and 1843, Emory returned to Carlisle to serve as Dickinson's acting president; with Durbin’s return, Emory resumed his work in the ministry.  Within two years, Durbin resigned, and Emory again was chosen to lead the College.

During Emory’s presidency he brought about several significant advances in policy.  He improved the modern language program by introducing the first elective classes into the curriculum; juniors could choose between Greek and German and seniors could choose between Mathematics and French.  In addition, the library, laboratory, and museum were all moved together into South College.  Classes for both the Grammar School and the College were to be held in the same buildings, with the teaching load to be shared among the school and college faculties.  Also under Emory, an old utility building was refurbished for use by student artisans.  Several needier students were able to live within the building, deemed North College, as well as have a space to ply their trades on the premises.  Despite all of these changes, Emory's presidency would prove to be quite short.

Suffering from chronic health problems, most particularly tuberculosis, Emory attempted to resign in 1847.  The Board of Trustees refused to accept his resignation, encouraging him instead to take a leave of absence and granting him permission to do so.  He traveled to London to attend the Evangelical Alliance Convention in hopes of regaining his health, but shortly after his return, on May 18, 1848, Robert Emory died in Baltimore. He was thirty-four years old.

Robert Laurenson Dashiell was born June 25, 1825 in Salisbury, Maryland. He attended Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduating in July of 1846 as Salutatorian. Throughout his collegiate years at Dickinson, Dashiell was an active member of the Union Philosophical Society. Following his graduation, he went to teach in Baltimore for two years. For his continued scholarship, Dickinson awarded him a master's degree in 1849.

From 1848 to 1860, Dashiell served as a member of the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and from 1860 to 1868 he served with the Newark Conference. He was named President of Dickinson College in 1868, becoming the first alumnus to hold that position. His term in office is best remembered for the student rebellion of 1870. Dashiell would resign as President on June 25, 1872, and then be named Corresponding Secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society.

He would occupy that position until his death on March 8, 1880 in Newark, New Jersey at the age of sixty-four.

Robert McClelland was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania on August 1, 1807, the son of a prominent Franklin County doctor, John McClelland, and his wife, Eleanor Bell McCulloh.  The father had studied medicine under Benjamin Rush and perhaps not coincidentally the younger McClelland entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania to graduate high in the Class of 1829.

McClelland was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1832 in Chambersburg, and he practiced law in Pittsburgh for a short while before leaving the state for Monroe, Michigan in 1833.  He set up a successful law practice and was a member of the convention to prepare Michigan for statehood in 1835.  At the same time he became a leader in the new state's Democratic Party.  He served as a member of the board of regents of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1837 and was elected to the state legislature for the first time in 1838.  He became speaker of the state house in 1842 and from 1843 represented his district in the U.S. Congress for three terms sitting on the Commerce Committee and the Foreign Relations Committee.

McClelland became, among other things, a strong advocate for states' rights, including the right of a state to permit slavery.  His star rose in the party and he represented Michigan in several national conventions.  He also was an active member of the constitutional convention in Michigan in 1850 and the chair of the state Democratic Convention that year.  In 1851, he was elected governor of Michigan and re-elected by an even greater majority in 1852.  Soon after, having noted his active part in his presidential election, President Franklin Pierce named him to the cabinet as Secretary of the Interior.  In that position, McClelland advised the president to follow his neutral policy concerning Kansas, but most of his recommendations for reform made little progress.  Nonetheless, he built a reputation for organization and honesty in a previously chaotic and corrupt department.  After James Buchanan's inauguration in 1857, McClelland retired to a long and successful private practice in Detroit.  He sat again in a Michigan state constitutional convention in 1867.

In 1836, he married Sarah Elizabeth Sabine of Williamstown, Massachusetts and the couple had six children. Three of their children reached maturity. Robert McClelland died in Detroit on August 30, 1880.

Robert Miller Henderson was born in North Middleton near Carlisle, Pennsylvania on March 11, 1827 to William Miller and Elizabeth Parker Henderson. He was prepared at Carlisle High School and entered Dickinson College in 1841. He was an active member of the Belle Lettres Society and graduated with the class of 1845. He studied law with Judge Reed and was admitted to the Carlisle bar on August 25, 1847 though only twenty years old. He served two terms between 1851 and 1853 as an equally youthful Whig state legislator in the Pennsylvania house of representatives.

When the Civil War broke out, Henderson helped raise the "Carlisle Fencibles" which became Company A of the Seventh Pennsylvania Reserve Infantry. Elected to the rank of captain and commissioned in that company on April 21, 1861. He was wounded at Gaines Mill but was promoted to lieutenant colonel of volunteers after the 7th sustained heavy losses in July 1862 and he was cited for his "brilliant gallantry." At the Second Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, he commanded the 7th in Meade's first brigade of General Reynolds' Division and fought with distinction, suffering serious wounds on August 29, 1862 when he was shot through the body with a minie ball. In April 1863, Henderson gave up his field commission when he was named as Provost Marshal of the Fifteenth District of Pennsylvania, which included Cumberland County. Here he served until the end of the war, when in March 1865 he was named as a brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers in recognition of his services and his gallant conduct at Bull Run.

After the war, Henderson returned to his practice and remained active in the community, serving as president of the Soldier's Monument Association of Carlisle which erected the memorial on the town square. He also was president of the Carlisle Deposit Bank. In 1872, he began ten years of tenure as judge of the 12th Judicial District of Pennsylvania, rising to president judge in 1882. He resigned soon after and returned to private practice.

He had married Margaret Webster of Baltimore, Maryland, and they had six children. In 1896, Dickinson College conferred on him an honorary degree. Robert Miller Henderson died on January 26, 1906. He was seventy-eight years old.

Robert N. Baer was born on April 12, 1834 in Baltimore, Maryland.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania with the class of 1858, was elected to the Union Philosophical Society, and graduated with his class. Following this he studied as a clergyman in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

During his career, Baer served in various capacities within the Baltimore Conference from 1861 to 1888. Initially, he was principal of Salisbury Academy in Maryland for three years beginning in 1858. Baer also served in Washington, D.C. as pastor of the Metropolitan Methodist Episcopal Church, and he officiated at Memorial Day services in the Congressional Cemetery there in 1881. He finished his career in the Conference at the Fayette Street Church in Baltimore.  Dickinson College awarded Baer an honorary doctor of divinity degree in 1884.

His family circumstances are unknown at this time.  On September 21, 1888, Robert Newton Baer died of typhoid in his Fayette Street parsonage after a short illness.  He was fifty-four years old.

Robert N. Earhart was born in Blairsville, Pennsylvania on April 9, 1833 to merchant David Earhart and his wife, Catharine Altman Earhart.  His father took his large family, of which Robert was the youngest, to Pleasant Valley, Iowa during the 1840s.  The younger Earhart received his preparatory education at Alexander College, a Presbyterian institution in Dubuque, Iowa that closed in 1857.  He then returned to his native state for his undergraduate degree, enrolling at Dickinson College in Carlisle in the autumn of 1854.  Earhart was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in 1858.

Earhart then attended the B.D. Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, Illinois and qualified in 1860 as a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church.  He returned to his home area in Iowa and joined the Upper Iowa Conference of that church, where he served congregations for the remainder of his active life.  His pastorates included churches at Toledo in Tuma County, at Osage in Mitchell County, and at the First Methodist of Manchester in Delaware County.  After forty-one years of service to northern Iowa, he retired from the pulpit in 1901.

Earhart married Frances Fidlar, a native of Columbus, Ohio who had grown up in Davenport, Iowa.  They had one child, Robert, who later graduated from Northwestern and became a college professor.  Robert Nixon Earhart died in Davenport, Iowa on August 29, 1907 and was buried in the Oakdale Cemetery there.  He was seventy years old.

Robert Samuel Maclay was born on February 2, 1824 in Concord, Pennsylvania, the son of Robert Maclay and Annabella Erwin Maclay, one of nine children. His parents were highly respected members of the community, running a tanning business and actively involved in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Maclay entered Dickinson College in the fall of 1841 and was elected into the Belles Lettres Society. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1845, received his Masters in 1848, and was later honored with a Doctor of Divinity from his alma mater. One year after his graduation, Maclay was ordained in the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At this time, the Church was suffering the internal struggles that the heated debate over the issue of slavery brought on. In 1847, however, Maclay was appointed as a missionary to China, where he began a lengthy missionary career overseas.

Maclay arrived in Fuchau, China on April 12, 1848. He spent 23 years in China learning the language, establishing schools and churches, and preaching the Gospel. While in China he published two books: Life Among the Chinese with Characteristic Sketches and Incidents of Missionary Operations and Prospects in China (1861) and an Alphabetic Dictionary of the Chinese Language in the Foochow Dialect that he completed with Reverend C.C. Baldwin in 1870. In 1871, Maclay returned to the United States where he was appointed superintendent of the newly-founded mission in Japan. Maclay arrived in Yokohama on June 12, 1873 and immediately set about learning the language and seeking converts. He became an integral part of the Wesleyan mission in Japan, helping to found and serve as first president of what is now the Ayoma Institute in Yokohama. While serving in Japan, Maclay was asked to travel to Korea to survey the possibility of a Methodist mission there. In June, 1884, Maclay made a brief visit to Seoul, where he acquired the permission of the king to begin medical and educational mission work. He declined leadership of the mission, though, and returned to Yokohama.

Maclay retired from the mission field in 1887 and returned to San Fernando in California. He became the dean of the Maclay School of Theology, named for his brother, Senator Charles Maclay, and spent the remainder of his life as an educator. Maclay was first married on July 10, 1850, in Hong Kong, to Caroline Henrietta Sperry of Brooklyn, New York. Caroline died suddenly in Japan in 1878. They had eight children, six born in East Asia, but only four lived past childhood. In 1882, he married Sarah Ann Barr, with whom he had no children. Robert Samuel Maclay died on August, 18, 1907 in Los Angeles, California.

Roger Brooke Taney was born March 17, 1777 on the Taney Plantation along the Patuxent River, in Maryland's Calvert County. The Taney family had come to the colony as indentured servants in the mid-seventeenth century but, after serving out their term of servitude, they later established themselves as prosperous tobacco farmers in the rich agrarian economy of southern Maryland. Taney grew up as a Maryland Roman Catholic with rural gentry privilege, was educated privately and then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1792.

While at Dickinson, Taney came under the tutelage of Dr. Charles Nisbet, arguably one of the greatest educators of his day. If the correspondence between Nisbet and Taney’s father throughout 1792-1795 are any indication, the Principal became almost a surrogate father to the young and talented student. Taney was a leading member of the Belles Lettres Society and graduated as valedictorian of the twenty-four students in the class of 1795. This honor he always valued since the students themselves at the time were responsible for such selection.

Taney studied law under Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase in Annapolis before being admitted to the Maryland bar on June 19, 1799. After a brief time as a Federalist state representative, he began his legal career in earnest in Frederick, Maryland. There he also met and married Anne Phoebe Charlton Key, the sister of Francis Scott Key, in January, 1806. The couple would have six daughters.

Taney was elected to the Maryland State Senate in 1816 and came to dominate the state's Federalists. By 1820 he had also established himself as one of the leading attorneys in Maryland and in September, 1827 accepted the position of State Attorney General. As the Federalist Party faded away, Taney looked for other political outlets. He had always been an avid supporter and admirer of General Andrew Jackson, acting as chairman of the Jackson Central Committee of Maryland in the 1828 election. His longtime support was recognized in 1831 when President Jackson appointed him to the first of what were to be several posts in his cabinet. He initially served as both Attorney-General and acting Secretary of War. In a cabinet shuffle in 1833, Jackson appointed Taney as Secretary of the Treasury. The national controversy over the role of the Bank of the United States dictated that this was a highly sensitive post, but one for which Taney’s long experience in banking law qualified him well. Taney would serve from September 23, 1833 until his Senate confirmation was rejected and he resigned on June 24, 1834. Jackson then sought to have him appointed to the Supreme Court as an associate justice but this nomination was also blocked in the Senate. Jackson persisted, however, and on December 28, 1835, he nominated Taney to fill the vacancy on the Court left by the death of the legendary Chief Justice John Marshall. This time, despite the usual Whig opposition, he was confirmed and he took the oath of office on March 28, 1836.

Taney’s actions in his first decades largely calmed initial Whig fears that his appointment would politicize the Court and he settled into a careful career marked by strict construction of, not only the Constitution where it supported state sovereignty, but also of contract, as in Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge. However, one case in particular has been the hallmark of Taney's tenure as Chief Justice. In 1856, a seemingly unnecessary supporting case for the 1820 Missouri Compromise, Dred Scott vs Sandford, was allowed before the Court. Taney wrote the majority opinion in the Scott case, confirming slaves as property by ruling against Negro citizenship and then declaring that the Compromise itself was unconstitutional because Congress had no right, under the constitutional protection of private property, to bar slavery from new territories.

As a child of Southern gentry, Taney immediately came under extreme Republican attack for this decision. He was personally opposed to slavery, having freed his own slaves, but his southern sensibilities and his own intimate knowledge of the institution led to his belief in the common southern anti-slavery solution of repatriation, as opposed to abolition. The case dogged the rest of his nine years as Chief Justice, even though he displayed a certain judicial brilliance in his later decisions with long and thoughtful opinions on the role of the states and national government in fugitive slave cases, in Ableman v. Booth just before the Civil War, and on the rights of civilians in wartime in Ex Parte Merryman during the conflict itself.

Plagued all of his life with ill health and never a rich man, Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney died on October 12, 1864, unmourned by most Northern supporters of a war against rebellion he believed privately the Union had no legal right to wage. He was 87 years old.

Rufus Edmonds Shapley was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on August 4, 1840, the son of Rufus and Susan Shapley and the older brother of William Wallace Shapley.  He was educated locally and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle with the class of 1860.  While attending he became an active member of the Union Philosophical Society and later on its hundredth anniversary in 1889 returned to give the keynote speech for the occasion.  Following his graduation with his class he studied law in the office of William Penrose in Cumberland County.  He very briefly served as a private in Company I of the militia's First Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers but this emergency unit was in being for only two short weeks in September 1862 before being broken up.

He was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1866 and became a successful corporate attorney in that city. The case that made his career there was Brady versus American Steamship Company in 1874.  The locally built and owned vessel Pennsylvania, only three years old, had almost foundered in a storm, losing its top officers washed overboard.  A passenger with experience at sea named Brady took command, brought the ship home, and, with Shapley’s help, won the only salvage claim awarded a passenger up to that time.  The Company's defense was that the Fourth Officer was capable and that Brady had usurped him. Shapley demolished this under skillful cross-examination, especially since that officer's log showed that his estimation of latitude and longitude for the ship's position called for the Pennsylvania to be sailing somewhere in the hills of upstate New York.  Shapley went on to become a wealthy corporation and tax lawyer, well connected with the Republican Party then controlling the city.  He was counsel for the Police Department, represented the streetcar company, and was often called upon to represent Republican Party interests in Pennsylvania.  In 1882, he built a mansion - "Hildawold" – in Wallingford, Pennsylvania and had a summer home in Bar Harbor, Maine.

Shapley was also an author.  He published several books on tax law upon which he became an expert.  But he was best known more widely for his political humor, notably his Solid For Mulhooly: A Political Satire on Boss Rule published in 1881 and again in 1889.  The book was very well known at the time; one Philadelphia reviewer went so far as to say that it did for municipal corruption what Uncle Tom's Cabin had done for slavery.   Shapley’s own Philadelphia career did not intrude into the satire, which was largely an anti immigrant commentary on Democratic Party methods of urban “boss” control.  He also published five volumes edited in collaboration with the Librarian of Congress Ainsworth R. Spofford called A Library of Wit and Humor in 1884.  He married Anne McCord of Pittsburgh in 1877 and had a daughter.  Rufus Shapley died at his Philadelphia town home on February 11, 1906. He was sixty five years old.

Samuel Blanchard How was born on October 14, 1790 in Burlington, New Jersey. He attended the University of Pennsylvania and earned a bachelor's degree in 1810.  Following his graduation, How found employment at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as the principal of the Grammar School and tutor for the College under the presidency of Jeremiah Atwater.  He would subsequently become a confidant of Atwater's, who was greatly disappointed with his departure in 1811 to follow theological studies.  How  was ordained in the Presbyterian church of Philadelphia on November 9, 1815 and began service in a series of posts throughout New Jersey.  From 1823 until 1829, How served as pastor of a church in Savannah, Georgia.  Upon the resignation of William Neill as president of Dickinson College in 1829, the Board of Trustees elected Philip Lindsley to be his replacement.  Lindsley, however, declined the position, and the Board in turn elected How, who was formally installed in his new office on March 30, 1830.

How assumed the leadership of Dickinson College at a difficult time.  Disagreements among the trustees and faculty about educational purpose and activity in a changing society had left the institution in great turmoil.  In addition, local Presbyterian support was becoming more fragmented, and financial problems remained a concern.  Plans were proposed, with the apparent support of How, for the radical reworking of the curriculum, which in effect abandoned the classics in favor of a more "practical" education.  In the meantime, the student body had continued to decline to a point where enrollment consisted of merely five senior students, no juniors, seven sophomores, and eleven freshmen.  This forced the Board of Trustees, in February 1832, to reach the conclusion that the College must, for the second time in its history, be closed temporarily following the current session.  The Grammar School, however, was to remain in operation.  This closure of the College would mark the end of How's brief and troubled presidency.  This also marked the end of Dickinson's relationship with the Presbyterian Church, as the College would reopen in 1833 with a new Board of Trustees, under the general direction of the Methodist Church.

After leaving Dickinson, How returned to the ministry and became the pastor of the First Reformed Dutch Protestant Church of New Brunswick, New Jersey, holding this office from 1832 until 1861.  Here he published his most famous, and infamous work, entitled Slaveholding Not Sinful in 1856, in which he gave biblical justification for slavery. Near the end of his career, in 1859, he was elected to serve as president of the General Assembly.  How remained in New Brunswick until his death on February 29, 1868.

Samuel Cushman Caldwell was born on April 10, 1836 in the west end of Old West at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. His father, science professor Merritt Caldwell, and his mother had their home on the first and second floors of the college building.  Professor Caldwell was forced to resign from his position at Dickinson in March 1848 due to poor health. He died soon after in Portland, Maine.  There, the younger Caldwell lived with family, preparing at the Hebron Academy for college.  In 1855, Samuel Caldwell returned as a student to Dickinson College, where he was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and graduated with his class in 1858.

Caldwell taught Greek and Latin in Maryland and at the Rock River Seminary in Mount Morris, Illinois. He then returned to Portland, Maine to study law.  Caldwell was admitted to the bar there in 1863, but took up journalism instead.  He worked for The Methodist as assistant editor to George R. Crooks, one of his father's former students of the Dickinson class of 1840. Caldwell stayed with that publication for almost four years between 1866 and 1869, then joined the editorial staff of the New York World.  After three years, he took a similar position with the New York Tribune in 1872. Caldwell remained there until his retirement, serving as night editor, editor of the weekly, and editor of the semi-weekly. In 1902, he became editor of the New York Tribune Farmer and worked there until the publication was discontinued in 1911.  In civic affairs, Caldwell served in 1896 as president of Pelham Village, the town where he lived.

In March 1883, Caldwell married Carrie Forshee of New York City.  The couple had no children.  In 1899, his alma mater gave him an honorary degree and the Dickinson chapter of Phi Beta Kappa awarded him his key.  On March 3, 1923, Samuel Cushman Caldwell died of pneumonia in Pelham Village.  He was eighty-six years old.

Samuel Dickinson Hillman was born to Samuel and Susan Dickinson Hillman of Blackwood, New Jersey, on January 18, 1825. Not much is known of his life before he entered the Dickinson College Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1845.  A member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society, Hillman graduated from the College in 1850, and received his master's degree two years later. While working towards this degree, he taught in West Chester, Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1851. Hillman was then appointed principal of the Grammar School, an office he would occupy for nine years.

In 1860, Hillman was selected by the College to serve as professor of mathematics and astronomy. Two years later he became the treasurer for the Board of Trustees, and he would remain so until 1868.  By April 1868, Hillman was residing in West College as the senior faculty member; however, President Herman Merrills Johnson died suddenly at that time, and Hillman was selected to serve as president pro tempore due to his seniority.

Like William Henry Allen before him, Hillman was a  temporary replacement not to be considered a candidate for the presidency.  When a special trustee meeting of September 8, 1868 selected Robert L. Dashiell as president, Hillman returned to his position as professor.  He would remain with the College for another six years.

In 1874 Hillman was removed from the faculty by a Board of Trustees' vote that vacated the positions of all the professorships in order to rejuvenate the faculty.  He and fellow professors William Trickett and John Stayman were defeated in a vote to regain their positions.  Hillman accepted a quarter of his yearly wages ($300) as a concession. Lawsuits ensued, and the matter  was settled when the Board offered to pay a full year's salary to each of the three deposed professors. Hillman was paid the additional year's salary in addition to the $300, and he and his family were allowed to remain in West College until April 1875.

Following his removal from Dickinson, Hillman accepted a professorship at the newly-established Cumberland State Normal School at Shippensburg, teaching natural science from 1874 to 1880. During this time he was awarded a Ph.D. from Lafayette College in 1878. Hillman's next appointment was as principal of a high school in Rahway, New Jersey in 1882. This position was followed by three professorships: mathematics at Newton Academy in New Jersey, 1883-1889; mental and moral philosophy at Taylor University, 1890; and Greek and Latin at a military academy in New York, 1892. After nearly half a century of educational service, Hillman retired from public instruction in 1898.

Hillman married Cornelia Gaylord Wing of Sodus, New York on July 24, 1855. The couple had three children: Conway Wing, Willis Gaylord, and Amy Dickinson Hillman. The eldest, Conway, was a member of the Dickinson College class of 1873. After fourteen years of retirement, Samuel Dickinson Hillman died at his home in Newark, New Jersey in December 1912.

Samuel Peach was born in Prince George’s County, Maryland, on March 14, 1831. He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a junior in 1850 and received his bachelor of arts degree in 1852. Peach was an active member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society as a student. After graduation he moved to Lumpkin, Georgia and set up a law practice after being admitted to the bar there.

When the war erupted, Peach was commissioned as a colonel in the Confederate States Army. He died in Lumpkin on July 3, 1862.

Samuel M. McPherson was born on October 11, 1837 at Lewisburg, Virginia, now West Virginia, to state legislator and Virginia militia officer Colonel Joel McPherson and his wife Amanda McClung McPherson. He was the fourth child of eight. McPherson entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was elected to the Union Philosophical Society there, and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1858.

McPherson studied medicine in Philadelphia and earned his medical degree. Early in the Civil War he became surgeon of the Fifty-ninth Virginia Infantry and a well-known and respected medical officer under General Henry A. Wise.

On June 14, 1863, Samuel McClung McPherson died in the service of the Confederate States near Richmond, Virginia. He was twenty-five years old.

Samuel Stehman Haldeman was born in Locust Grove, Pennsylvania on August 12, 1812, the eldest of what were to be the seven children of Henry and Frances Haldeman. He began his schooling at a local school on Conoy Creek. He also spent many hours in self-taught natural history during his spare time. When Haldeman was fourteen, he was sent to Dr. John Miller Keagy's classical school in Harrisburg and then went on to Dickinson College. He joined the class of 1831 but, with the college suffering the disruption that would lead to its temporary closing, remained only two years. Though he nurtured his emerging interest in biology and became a talented amateur scientist, he took over management of his father's new Chiquesalungo sawmill. His two brothers, Edwin and Paris, at the same time were starting an iron manufacturing business in the area and Samuel became a silent partner with them. He was always more involved in the science and the mechanics of both his businesses and continued during these years building up his impressive scientific acumen. In 1836, Henry Darwin Rogers, a former professor of Haldeman’s at Dickinson, asked him to take over the geology field operations in New Jersey that Rogers had to abandon on his being appointed the state geologist of Pennsylvania. Haldeman served in New Jersey for one year and, in 1837, came back to Pennsylvania to assist on the state survey there. In 1842, he returned home to publish his Monograph on the Freshwater Mollusca of the United States, a project he had been working on for two years.

Following that very well received publication, Haldeman was invited to give a series of lectures on zoology at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. He was already a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in the city. His research continued, and he published numerous articles in such journals as the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Boston Society of Natural History, and the American Journal of Science and Arts. In 1851, Haldeman further cemented his position as one of the leading scientists in Philadelphia when he became Professor of Natural History at the University of Pennsylvania. He held this position until 1855, when he accepted a similar post at Delaware College. All the while, Haldeman was lecturing at the State Agricultural College of Pennsylvania on chemistry and geology. By then, his seemingly boundless intellectual interests had again expanded to the study of language and in 1858 Haldeman was awarded the Trevelyan Prize, given by the Phonetic Society of Great Britain, for his article entitled “Analytic Orthography” (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society). The University of Pennsylvania won back Haldeman’s services in 1868, when he returned to become the first chair of the Department of Comparative Philology, a position he held for the rest of his life. His studies in his new area were tireless. He visited Europe often, investigated the varieties of accent in Rome, and studied Indian, Chinese, and English dialects. Closer to home, he studied and wrote on the Pennsylvania "Dutch" language. Haldeman helped found the American Philological Society in 1869, and in 1875 was named to a committee by the APA to review Noah Webster’s new spelling, and to determine the necessity of such a change. When medical advice ordered him to outdoor exercise, typically he took up archeology, excavating an Native American retreat at Chikis Rock in south eastern Pennsylvania.

Clearly he was a world famous scientist in his own right - with more than 150 publications to his credit - and friend and collaborator with some of the great naturalists of the century, including Darwin and Baird. He had converted to Catholicism in the 1840s. He was a Democrat in politics and in stature stood around five feet seven. In 1835, he had married Mary Hough of Bainbridge, Pennsylvania and the couple had two sons and two daughters. Samuel Stehman Haldeman, died suddenly of a heart attack in the evening of September 10, 1880 at his home in Chickies, Pennsylvania following his return from attendance at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Boston. He was sixty-eight years old.

Seth H. Yocum was born in Catawissa, Columbia County, Pennsylvania on August 2, 1834.  He was educated in rural schools and then went to Philadelphia to learn the printing and editing trade.  Yocum entered the class of 1860 at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.  He was a member of the Phi Kappa Pse fraternity and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1860.  He then returned to Philadelphia, where he was employed as an editor.

In July 1861, in Philadelphia, Yocum enlisted in Company C, Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry as a sergeant. He transferred to Company A as second lieutenant in February 1862 and to Company G as first lieutenant in November 1862.  Yocum mustered out in September 1864 at the end of his three-year enrollment and took up law studies.  He was admitted to the Schuylkill County bar in Pottsville in 1865 and opened a practice.

Yocum relocated to Bellefonte, Pennsylvania in 1874 to join the firm of Bush, Yocum, and Hastings to replace his brother George, who had just been killed in a hunting accident. He served as the district attorney of Centre County from 1875 until 1878, when he won election as a member of the Forty-sixth Congress for the Twentieth District.  Yocum was one of twenty-one independent members elected that year. He stood as a member of the Grange-influenced Greenback-Labor Party and defeated fellow Dickinsonian and former governor, Andrew Gregg Curtin, to win the seat.  Yocum declined to serve more than one term and moved to Johnson City, Tennessee, where he involved himself in the large tanning concern of his father-in-law.  He also served as the mayor of Johnson City in 1885.  Soon after, Yocum moved his family to Pasadena, California and invested in the beginnings of the orange growing in the area.  True to form, he served as mayor of Altadena while there.

In January 1867, Yocum married Lucinda Horton of New York. The couple had five children who survived infancy.  On April 19, 1895, Seth Hartman Yocum died at his home in Pasadena and was later buried in the Mountain View Cemetery in the city.  He was sixty years old.

Shadrach Bowman was born on May 2,1829 in Berwick, Pennsylvania.  He attended the Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania before entering Dickinson College in 1853.  He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and the Union Philosophical Society.  Bowman graduated with the class of 1855, and received his master’s degree from the College in 1864.

From 1855 to1857 Bowman was a member of the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; in 1857, he transferred to the Newark Conference.  He then served as pastor in several churches in Pennsylvania until he accepted a position at Dickinson College in 1866.  As professor of Biblical languages and literature, Bowman gave instruction in Greek and Hebrew.  He completed his doctorate in theology from Rutgers College and another in systematic theology from DePauw University in 1870. Bowman left Dickinson in 1871, having failed to institute a new program of Biblical studies at the college.

Bowman returned to preaching, serving congregations in Lock Haven, Bedford, York, and Morristown, New Jersey.  From 1877 until 1882, he served on the Board of Trustees of Dickinson College. In 1882, Bowman accepted the position of dean and professor of systematic theology at DePauw University.  After seven years there, he served as pastor for three years at Katonah, New York.  He returned to teaching at Drew Theological Seminary in 1903.

He married Mary Elizabeth Aber of Lynn, Massachusetts on November 25, 1856.  Shadrach Laycock Bowman died in 1906.

Spencer Fullerton Baird was born in Reading, Pennsylvania on February 3, 1823 to Samuel Baird and Lydia McFunn Biddle, the third of seven children. The family relocated to Carlisle, Pennsylvania following the death of Baird's father from cholera in 1833. Baird entered Dickinson College as a freshman in 1837, receiving his A.B. degree in 1840. Following graduation, Baird attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York for one year, but found that he had a dislike for the medical practice and returned to Carlisle to continue with his studies. In 1843, the College conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1856, an honorary degree of Doctor of Physical Science. During this time, Baird married Mary Helen Churchill, and the young couple later had a daughter, Lucy Hunter Baird.

Baird was offered a teaching position at Dickinson College in 1845 as professor of natural history, and became popular among the students for his practice of taking the young men out into the field to study the natural world. He became chair of both the departments of natural history and chemistry  in 1848. Throughout his time as professor, Baird continued to write on subjects of natural history, quickly becoming a respected ornithologist, zoologist, and naturalist.  In 1850, Baird accepted a position as Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.  It reportedly took two freight cars to transport his collection of birds, lizards, fish, skins, and skeletons, weighing 89,000 pounds, from Carlisle to Washington. Many of these specimens can still be found in the Smithsonian Museums. Upon the death of Joseph Henry in 1878, Baird succeeded him as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In addition to this post, Baird also served as Director of the National Museum from its founding until his death and as Secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences.  He was an early member of the National Academy of Sciences, and served as a trustee for the Corcoran Art Gallery, Columbia University, and Dickinson College. Baird was able to develop a career as an authority on natural history. A bibliography of his works from 1843 to 1882 contains nearly 1,200 titles, including The Birds of North America, Mammals of North America, and A History of North American Birds.

In 1871 Baird was appointed the first U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries by President Ulysses S. Grant and he would hold that position until his death in 1887. This position led Baird to spend a great deal of time in Woods Hole, Massachusetts as he was responsible for overseeing the founding of the Marine Biology Laboratory there. Spencer Fullerton Baird died at Woods Hole on August 19, 1887 and was laid to rest at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C. He was sixty-five years old.

Theodore George Wormley was born in Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania on April 1, 1826. Shortly thereafter he and his family moved to Carlisle, Pennsylvania where he spent his childhood. Theodore Wormley became a pupil at the Grammar School of the local Dickinson College in 1843. On July 9, 1844, Wormley joined many of his grammar school classmates in the freshmen class of 1848 at Dickinson College. He was active in the Union Philosophical Society but, under the influence of Spencer Fullerton Baird, William Henry Allen, and Thomas Emory Sudler, he excelled in the sciences and mathematics. His skills at Greek and other subjects were a different matter, however, and his marks overall after his sophomore year gave him the lowest ranking in his class. He did not enroll as a full time student in the junior class of 1848 but entered Philadelphia Medical College instead, where he received his degree in 1849.

The newly minted Doctor Wormley then began a practice in Columbus, Ohio in 1850. In 1852, he was appointed as the professor of chemistry and the natural sciences at Capitol University in Columbus, a position he held until 1865. In 1854, he was also appointed as the professor of chemistry and toxicology at at Starling Medical College, also in Columbus. He was appointed as the State Gas Commissioner of Ohio in 1867. Between 1869 and 1874 he was also the State Chemist of the Ohio Geological Survey. He was one of the vice-presidents of the centennial celebration of chemistry, held in 1874 at the former home of Joseph Priestly in Pennsylvania. Two years later he delivered the address on “American Chemical Contributions to the Medical Progress of the Century” before the International Medical Congress in Philadelphia. His status had by now been well recognized and on June 5, 1877, Wormley left Starling Medical College to accept the position of professor of chemistry and toxicology in the Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, after the resignation of Professor Robert E. Rogers. Wormley held this position until his death.

His main work, The Micro Chemistry of Poisons, written at the University of Pennsylvania, aided significantly his reputation as America's pioneering microchemist and became the standard on the subject world-wide. The book is dedicated to his wife who herself drew most of the books illustrations from nature under a microscope. Wormley's knowledge of poisons and chemicals placed him at constant call as a scientific witness in many legal cases. Among the honorary degrees conferred on him came a Doctor of Philosophy from his alma mater in 1870.

His wife was native of Columbus, Ohio and the couple had two daughters. Theodore George Wormley died on January 2, 1897 at his home in Philadelphia. He was seventy years old.

Thomas Bowman was born in Briarcreek Township near Berwick, Pennsylvania on July 15, 1817.  His father was a successful businessman and the family had been Methodists since Francis Asbury had converted, and later ordained, Bowman's grandfather, also named Thomas, in 1780.  Young Thomas was educated in the local schoolhouse and then entered Wilbraham Academy in Massachusetts for a year, progressing to the Casenovia Seminary in New York where he studied for three years.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a junior in 1835 and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1837, the first class to graduate under the management of the Methodist Church.

Bowman studied law with Judge John Reed in Carlisle but, under the continued influence of the college faculty, was persuaded to enter the ministry of the Baltimore Conference in the spring of 1839.  He also taught at the Dickinson Grammar School between 1840 and 1843.  Health problems and his aging parents interrupted his professional activities for five years while he ran a farm and flour mill in Berwick.  In 1848, however, he was named as the principal of the Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania and during his ten years raised it from humble beginnings to a thriving institution of four hundred students.  His reputation as an educational administrator secure, in 1859 Bowman was appointed as president of Indiana Asbury University in Greencastle, Indiana; his efforts helped gain the financial support of the school's benefactor, and eventual namesake, Washington C. DePauw.  While there, Bowman also served as the chaplain of the United States Senate in 1864.  After thirteen years as university president he was elected a bishop of the Methodist Church, becoming the first Dickinson graduate to do so.  He maintained his connections with the Indiana institution, serving as a trustee, chairman of the board, and chancellor between 1875 and 1899.

His efforts as a bishop were varied and energetic.  He visited all the Methodist Conferences in Europe and Asia and dedicated scores of churches throughout the United States.  He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Ohio Wesleyan in 1853 and from his alma mater in 1872.  He was headquartered at the bishops' residence in St. Louis, Missouri.  In 1842, he married Matilda Hartman of York, Pennsylvania and couple had eleven children.  Sadly, Matilda died in St. Louis in 1879 while her husband was abroad on his first foreign tour.  Bishop Bowman retired in 1899 at age eighty-two and lived with his son-in-law and daughter in East Orange, New Jersey for the remainder of his life.  Thomas Bowman died in East Orange, New Jersey on March 3, 1914.

In 1951, the Kresge Foundation of Detroit, Michigan endowed with a substantial gift "the Thomas Bowman Chair of Religion."  Its first incumbent was Professor Lewis Rohrbaugh.

Thomas Care was born at St. Mary's in Chester County, Pennsylvania on July 10, 1832. He was prepared at the Williamsport Seminary and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle with the class of 1858. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society, was an active debater, and served as treasurer of the society for a time. He graduated with his class in the early summer of 1858 and determined on a career in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

From 1859 to 1863, Care was a pastor and circuit rider with the East Baltimore Conference, riding for a time in 1859 in Huntingdon County. He then took a post in 1863 as instructor of natural science at his old school, the Williamsport Seminary, which he held for a year. In late 1863, he was again a missionary and circuit preacher, this time in Elk County, Pennsylvania.

No information is available at this time on his family situation. Thomas Care died in Harrisburg on March 18, 1864. He was thirty-two years old.

Thomas M. Gunn was born in Shelbyville in Shelby County, Kentucky on March 17, 1840. He was the youngest son of William and Francis Adams Gunn.  William Gunn, a presiding elder of the Lexington District of the Presbyterian Church, died when his son was only thirteen years old.  Thomas Gunn was still able to enter Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1858 with the class of 1860.  While at the College, he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class in the early summer of 1860.

Straight from Dickinson and still only twenty years old, Gunn took the post of vice-president and professor of languages at McKenzie College in Clarkesville, Texas.  At the time, this Methodist institution was one of the largest in the state, although the Civil War brought its demise and it closed permanently in 1868.  Gunn had already left teaching by that time, however, for he enlisted as a private in the Union Army's 21st Kentucky Infantry as soon as the war broke out.  He gained a commission and served later as a unit chaplain.  Following the war, Gunn embarked on a lengthy and extensive career as a Presbyterian clergyman.  He was the pastor in Louisville, Kentucky in 1867. He then moved to Illinois, where he had congregations in Grand Ridge and Braidwood in the 1870s and served at Joliet from 1877 to 1885.  In 1885, Gunn moved west to Walla Walla, Washington, where, in 1887, he became superintendent of missions responsible for certifying new congregations in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Alaska.  He held this post until 1899 and then served again as a pastor in Cashmere, Washington from 1901 until his retirement.

In February 1864, Gunn married M. Catherine Waggener of Greensburg, Kentucky, and the couple had four children.  On June 1, 1917, Thomas Morris Gunn died at his home in Seattle, Washington.  He was seventy-seven years old.

Thomas Conrad was born on August 1, 1837 in Fairfax Court House, Virginia, to Nelson and Lavinia Thomas Conrad. He attended the Fairfax Academy before enrolling in Dickinson College in 1853. While at Dickinson, Conrad was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, and served as secretary and then president of the Belles Lettres Literary Society. He also formed an enduring friendship with a fellow classmate, Daniel Mountjoy Cloud. Conrad graduated with the class of 1857. From 1857 until 1861 Conrad served as principal of the Georgetown Institute in Washington, D. C. For his efforts, he was awarded a master’s degree from Dickinson in 1860.

Conrad enlisted as a chaplain in the 3rd Virginia Cavalry in 1861, and eventually attained the rank of captain. After three years of service, he accepted a position in the Confederate Secret Service. He was responsible for operating the successful “Doctor’s Line,” that supplied reliable intelligence to Richmond. With the aid of his friend Daniel Cloud, Conrad organized a plot to abduct President Lincoln, but their plans fell through. After Lincoln’s assassination, Conrad was briefly incarcerated.

Following the war, Conrad returned to teaching, first at the Rockville Academy in Maryland, then at the Preston and Olin Institute. In 1877 he became professor of English literature at the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. From 1881 until 1885, Conrad served as the third president of that college. He then spent several years at the Maryland Agricultural College as the chairman of faculty, and later as acting president. Conrad eventually published a book, “The Rebel Scout,” about his experiences during the Civil War. Thomas Nelson Conrad died January 5, 1905 in Washington, D. C.

The son of a Carlisle minister, Thomas Orwig prepared at the Dickinson College Grammar School for two years before entering the College in 1855 as a member of the class of 1859.  Although Orwig left Dickinson after his sophomore year when his family moved to New Berlin, Pennsylvania, while at the College he was a member of the Belles Lettres Literary Society.

Orwig received his bachelor of arts degree from Lewisburg in 1862 and then joined the Union army soon after, rising to the rank of sergeant.  He died later that year in a naval hospital in Washington, D.C.

Thomas Williams was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania on August 28, 1806, the son of Robert Williams, a Cecil County, Maryland native.  He was educated at local schools and then enrolled in Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduating with the Class of 1825.  He returned to Greensburg to study law under Judge Richard Coulter and was admitted to the Westmoreland County bar in 1828.  Four years later he moved his practice to Pittsburgh.  Though his mentor Coulter was a Jacksonian, Williams became a Whig in reaction to Jackson's anti-national bank stance.  He edited the Whig journal The Advocate and was elected to the State Senate in November 1838 and served until 1841.  He also supported the campaign of William Henry Harrison in 1840.  He delivered a widely applauded eulogy in the Pennsylvania Senate when Harrison died soon after taking office.  Almost twenty five years later, he delivered another eulogy there for Abraham Lincoln.

With the collapse of the Whig platform, Williams returned to western Pennsylvania and devoted himself to building an impressive career in the law.  He returned to politics as one of the original organizers of the Republican Party and was a member of its first national committee.  He was elected to the State House in 1861 and in late 1862 was elected to the United States Congress for the 23rd District of Pennsylvania.  He served from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1869 in the 38th, 39th, and 40th Congresses.  During all three terms he sat with the House Committee on the Judiciary; in this capacity he acted as one of seven House of Representative managers in the Senate impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson in March 1868.   Usually a moderate Republican when dealing with Reconstruction affairs, he possibly saw little future in a Congress dominated by Radical Republicans and did not stand for re-election in 1868, choosing to retire to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania.

In 1831, he married Sarah Donaldson Reynolds of Wilmington, Delaware.  On June 16, 1872, Thomas Williams died in Allegheny City at the age of 63.

Washington Lafayette Elliott was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on March 31, 1825. He was the son of Commodore Jesse Duncan Elliott, USN.  Before he reached his teens, young Washington accompanied his father on cruises with the West Indies Squadron and on board the USS Constitution, which his father commanded in the Mediterranean for a time.  For several years, Commodore Elliott was also a trustee of Dickinson College. The younger Elliott was enrolled in the Grammar School there in 1838, then completed two years as an undergraduate with the class of 1843.

In June 1841, Washington Elliott was appointed as a cadet at West Point. He studied medicine for a period, then took a commission in May 1846 as a second lieutenant of mounted infantry at the outbreak of the Mexican War.  Elliott served at Vera Cruz and was appointed full lieutenant in July 1847.   He then served at Fort Laramie on the Oregon Trail in Wyoming (1849-1851) and in Texas (1852-1856), receiving a promotion to captain in 1854.  Elliott also held assignments in New Mexico during the five years preceding the Civil War, gaining ample experience as a frontier soldier in skirmishes against the Comanche and Navajo tribes.

During the Civil War, Elliott distinguished himself at Wilson's Creek in Missouri and was appointed colonel in command of the Second Iowa Cavalry in September 1861.  In November, he was promoted to the permanent rank of major and was nominally assigned to the First U.S. Cavalry Regiment.  Elliott was given command of a brigade in the Army of Tennessee and won a brevet for gallantry in the capture of Island No. 10 in the Mississippi.  During the spring of 1862, he distinguished himself again in a long cavalry raid into Mississippi, the first such Union action of the war. In this raid, Elliott led a brigade of Iowa and Michigan cavalry against the communications of the Mississippi and Ohio Railway.

Elliott was promoted to temporary brigadier general in June 1862, and his efforts as a Union commander were unceasing for the remainder of the conflict.  He was wounded at Second Bull Run while serving as division commander in the Armies of the Potomac and the Cumberland, in which he became chief of cavalry. Elliott also participated in the march on Atlanta and fought at the Battle of Nashville.  By that time, he was a major general of volunteers and a brevet regular brigadier general.  At the end of the war, Elliott was breveted as a regular major general and received permanent promotion to lieutenant colonel of cavalry in August 1866. He then returned to duty in the western territories.  Elliott served in Oregon and California toward the end of his military career and was promoted to full colonel in April 1878.  A year later, he retired and took up a civilian career as a banker in San Francisco.  Washington Lafayette Elliott died in that city on June 29, 1888. He was sixty-three years old.

Willard Saulsbury was born as the youngest of three sons of William and Margaret Smith Saulsbury, wealthy landowners in Kent County, Delaware, on June 2, 1820. Saulsbury prepared at Delaware College at Newark, and attended Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania between 1839 and 1840 in the class of 1842 before leaving to study law. His middle brother, Eli Saulsbury, also attended Dickinson.

He opened a practice in Georgetown, Delaware in 1845. He became the attorney-general of Delaware in 1850, thus launching a career in politics as a Democrat.  He was present at the Democratic convention in Cincinnati in 1856 that nominated James Buchanan for the presidency; for his support he was appointed to the United States Senate in 1859. He defended slavery but supported the preservation of the Union.  He vigorously opposed arrests for disloyalty in Delaware, supported Senator Bright of Indiana in his fight against expulsion for treason in 1862, and protested Lincoln's suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.

In 1871, the three Saulsbury brothers vied for the Senate seat Willard held and he eventually gave his support to Eli, who was elected.  In 1873, he was appointed as Chancellor of Delaware and remained in this post for the rest of his life.

In May 1850, he married Annie Milby Ponder of another prominent state family.  It was her brother who as governor gave Saulsbury his last appointment.  The couple had two sons, one of whom became Delaware secretary of state and the other a United States senator. Willard Saulsbury died in Dover, Delaware on April 6, 1892.

William Norris was born on May 20, 1803 in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania.  He received his bachelor of arts degree from Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1824 and began to study law in Bellefonte.  In 1826 he was admitted to the Centre County Bar and began to practice law.  However, a loss of his voice forced Norris to abandon that profession; he then moved to Lewistown and became engaged in the iron industry.  After several years in this trade, Norris was a surveyor from 1848 to 1852 and was a surveyor for the port of Philadelphia.

A  jack-of-all-trades, Norris then entered the insurance business, in which capacity he served until being appointed paymaster of the United States Army.  While serving in the army, Norris died in Memphis, Tennessee on March 22, 1864, two months before his 61st birthday.

William C. Round was born on April 23, 1842 to Methodist minister George Hopkins Round and his wife Mary Louisa McCants Round in Newton County, Georgia where his father was serving.  He grew up in Cokesburg, South Carolina.  He entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 1863 in the fall of 1860.  There, he joined his brother George Fiske Round of the class of 1861.  Like so many other young men of the time, he withdrew from Dickinson, returned home, and enlisted at Abbeville, South Carolina into Company B of the First (Orr's) Rifles in the service of the Confederate States Army in June 1861.

He served in the CSA until his death at the Battle of Gaine's Mill in Virginia on June 27, 1862.  He is buried under the Confederate Monument in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.  He was twenty years old.

William Daniel was born on remote Deal's Island in Somerset County, Maryland on January 24, 1826. He was educated locally and then matriculated at Dickinson with the class of 1848. While at the College he was a member of the Union Philosophical Society. Following graduation he studied law and began practice in Maryland in 1851. He was elected to the state legislature in 1853 and, following attempts to bring local choice temperance laws to the floor, was reelected as a member of the American Party, moving to serve the Maryland Senate in 1858. He resigned before the year was out, moved to Baltimore, and became an avid anti-slavery Republican. During the Civil War, he took part in the Maryland constitutional convention on the emancipation of the slaves in the state.

He also continued his energetic work to bring local choice prohibition to Maryland. When the Maryland Temperance Alliance was formed in 1872, he became its president. Local choice eventually became law in the state with thirteen of the twenty-three counties opting for temperance. By 1876 a National Prohibition Party had been formed and Daniel served as chairman of its July 1884 convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. That same gathering nominated him as vice-president of the United States on the presidential ticket of Governor John P. St. John of Kansas. The success of the ticket was marginal but a crowded and controversial election perhaps meant crucial Republican votes lost to the Prohibition Party ticket contributed to the narrow Democratic victory.

Daniel served two terms as a trustee of Dickinson College, from 1864 to 1867 and from 1896 till his death the following year at the age of 74.

William Emory Fisk Deal was born on March 8, 1840 in Calvert County, Maryland to William Grove and Janetta Suttan Deal. He prepared for his undergraduate years at the West River Classical School and entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1855 with the class of 1859. He was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and was elected as a member of the Belles Lettres Society.

Following graduation in the early summer of 1859, Deal traveled to California where he taught until 1863. He then studied law and embarked on a lucrative career in Virginia City, Nevada. He qualified to argue before the state supreme court in 1865. Deal was a wealthy man by October 1875, when he lost his expensive new home in an exclusive part of town in the great Virginia City Fire. He was a presidential elector in the 1880 election, state commissioner for the care of the insane from 1881 to 1885, and a regent of the University of Nevada between 1884 and 1903. Deal argued a case before the United States Supreme Court with his old Dickinson fraternity brother Horatio Collins King in 1894. After 1903, Deal moved to San Francisco where, in 1905 and 1906, he argued before the California Supreme Court on behalf of the Ophir Silver Mining Company of Virginia City.

In May 1875, Deal married Roberta Griffith of Ann Arundel County, Maryland. The couple had three daughters and a son. W. E. F. Fisk died in September 1924. He was eighty-four years old.

William H. Getzendaner was born of Swiss parents, Abram and Mary E. Getzendaner, in Frederick County, Maryland on May 13, 1834.  He prepared for his undergraduate work at the nearby Frederick Academy, then entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, some fifty miles to the north.  Getzendaner enrolled at Dickinson in 1855 with the class of 1858. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society and became a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity.  Getzendaner graduated with his class and returned to Frederick to continue the law studies he had begun in his final undergraduate year.  Soon after this, he went south and west to Texas.

Getzendaner first arrived in Huntsville, Texas and, after six months, moved to Waxahachie and settled there.  He was admitted to the Texas bar in 1859 and began practice in the town.  When the Civil War broke out, Getzendaner helped recruit Company E of the 12th Texas Cavalry and was elected as lieutenant.  He became quartermaster of the regiment and later served as adjutant general of General W. H. Parson's cavalry brigade.  Getzendaner saw heavy action during the war in more than thirty engagements and was wounded twice.  He returned to Texas and entered banking in 1868, starting a private bank with local Judge J. W. Ferris that eventually was to become the Citizens National Bank of Waxahachie.  Getzendaner served as the bank's president and was also the president and a board member of the Dallas and Waco Railroad.  He became the first mayor of his home city in 1872, and the area sent him to the state senate for four years between 1883 and 1887.  Getzendaner's role as a leading citizen was further cemented when he gave the land for the central park and the library of Waxahachie.

In 1868, Getzendaner married the widow Willa Latimer Neel of Ellis County, Texas. The couple had two children, Willa and Ralph.  His first wife died in 1899, and Getzendaner then married Quincy Davis in November 1901.  William H. Getzendaner died of asthma on May 12, 1909 in Waxahachie.  He was a day short of his seventy-fifth birthday.

William Henry Allen was born in Readfield, Maine on March 27, 1808 to Jonathan and Thankful Allen. To prepare for college, Allen attended the Maine Wesleyan Seminary before entering Bowdoin College in 1829. Upon graduation four years later, Allen took a job teaching Latin and Greek in the Oneida Methodist Conference Seminary in Cazenovia, New York, where his sister also taught; they both remained in Cazenovia until 1836. Allen became principal of an Augusta, Maine high school soon thereafter but only six months of his administration had passed when he was offered the chair of the departments of chemistry and natural history at Dickinson.

Allen took over as professor of "Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy" in 1836 and held that position for ten years, after which he became the first professor of English literature. Because of his large stature, Allen came to be known as"Bully Allen" and "Corpus." During his tenure, he introduced a system of grading using plus and minus records for performance that was used for many years.  Following the absence of Robert Emory, Allen became acting president of the College for the 1847-1848 academic year. In May of 1848, Emory died before he was able to return to Dickinson, but Allen was not perceived as a viable candidate for the position. With the election of Jesse Truesdell Peck, Allen return to teaching literature and philosophy until 1850, when he accepted the presidency of Girard College in Philadelphia, a position which he had been offered a year earlier. Upon his departure, Allen became a trustee of Dickinson and would remain so until 1864.

Allen also received a degree of Doctor of Laws from Union College as well as from Emory and Henry College. He served as Girard's president for twelve years from 1850 until 1862. He then retired from the office but still continued to lecture and write. Some of his works include "Our Country's Mission in History" and Eulogy on Daniel Webster; and while at Dickinson he had contributed several articles to the Methodist Quarterly Review. Allen's retirement did not last long, as he was appointed president of the Pennsylvania Agricultural College in 1865. His tenure lasted two years before he was again asked to be president of Girard College; here he would serve for the remaining fifteen years of his life. In the interim he was also elected president of the American Bible Society in 1872, holding that office also until his death.

Three of Allen's four wives, one of whom was the sister of Andrew Gregg Curtin, Class of 1837, had died relatively young, and only a daughter lived to adulthood. His fourth wife survived him. William Henry Allen died in Philadelphia on August 29, 1882. He was seventy-four years old.

William H. Longsdorff was born in Silver Spring Township, near Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania on March 24, 1834.  He was the fourth of seven children born to Adam and Mary Senseman Longsdorff.  His father was a farmer and later served as Cumberland County sheriff during which time the family lived at the county seat of Carlisle.  The younger Longsdorff entered Dickinson College there with the class of 1856 after education at Dickinson's preparatory school. While there, he was elected to the Belles Lettres Society, but withdrew before he took his degree.  Longsdorff instead studied medicine and then dentistry in Philadelphia, graduating from the Jefferson Medical College in 1856 and from the Philadelphia Dental School the following year.

Longsdorff then went west and joined a cousin, Henry A. Longsdorff of the Dickinson class of 1851, in Bellevue, Nebraska, where he practiced medicine and served as an alderman in the new city council in 1858.  He spent some time in Denver, Colorado prospecting and doctoring, but finally returned to Cumberland County to set up practice there before the outbreak of the Civil War.  At the onset of war, Longsdorff mustered in during the autumn of 1861 in Harrisburg as a first lieutenant of Company I of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry Volunteers.  His war was an eventful one, as his regiment fought in dozens of engagements, mostly in the departments of the Cumberland and Tennessee, including Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Knoxville, and Keneshaw Mountain.  Longsdorff was promoted to captain in June 1862 and moved to the regimental staff as provost major in August 1864.  After injury, he was discharged in January 1865 and returned to Carlisle, Pennsylvania and his medical and dental practice.  Longsdorff interrupted his services when he became Cumberland County treasurer for a three-year term between 1881 and 1884.  He was also a founding member of the County Medical Society.

Longsdorff married Lydia R. Haverstick of Cumberland County in April 1857.  The couple had two sons and four daughters.  The family had an historic impact on the future of Dickinson College when Longsdorff volunteered his daughters as qualified students for his alma mater's experiment in co-education in 1884.  His eldest son, Harold, born in Nebraska, had already graduated from Dickinson in 1879.  His eldest daughter, Zatae, became the first female student to graduate from the century-old institution in 1887. Sisters Hildegarde, in the class of 1888, Jessica, class of 1891, and Persis, class of 1894, all attended Dickinson in turn. Their father practiced medicine in the area, working from the same office he opened in 1859.  He was an enthusiastic Mason and an active member of the Second Presbyterian Church in Carlisle.  William Henry Longsdorff died in nearby Camp Hill on May 22, 1905.  He was seventy-one years old.

William Henry Penrose was born March 10, 1832 at Madison Barracks in Sackett's Harbor, New York, where his father, Captain James W. Penrose, was stationed as a officer of the Regular Army.  William entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1846 with the class of 1849; he is listed in college records as a Carlisle resident living at the home of his mother.  He withdrew from the College after his junior year and later trained as a civil and mechanical engineer.  He was working in Michigan when the Civil War broke out and in April 1861 was appointed as second lieutenant in the Third Infantry of the Regular Army, probably thanks to his father's connections.  He served in the Peninsula Campaign, at Second Bull Run, and at Fredericksburg.  By April 1863 he was colonel of the 15th New Jersey, commanding them at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness.  He commanded the First Brigade of Sixth Corps First Division at Cold Harbor before moving with it to the campaigns in the Shenandoah and later at Petersburg, where he was wounded.  He had been breveted as a Brigadier General of Volunteers in October 1864 and as Brigadier General U.S. Army on April 9, 1865.

Penrose was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866 and took up service in the Regular Army as captain of the 3rd United States Infantry, a rank he held in various posts for seventeen years. He was at last promoted, to major in 1883, then to lieutenant colonel in 1888, and once again became, after thirty years, a full colonel with the 20th United States Infantry in 1893. He finished his career with the 16th United States Infantry and retired in 1896 at the age of sixty-four.  He lived in Salt Lake City, Utah with his wife Harriet Elizabeth Penrose until his death there from typhoid fever on August 29, 1903.  He was buried with full military honors in Arlington Cemetery.

William H. Sutton was born in Haddonfield, New Jersey on September 11, 1835 to Methodist minister Henry Sutton and his wife, Ann Craig Sutton. He went to local schools, then spent a year at the Dickinson Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Sutton entered the college proper in 1852 with the class of 1855. He was elected to the Union Philosophical Society, but in early 1853 there was an outbreak of smallpox at the college, and Sutton did not return when classes resumed. He instead enrolled at Wesleyan College in Connecticut and graduated there in 1857. Sutton taught for a time at the American Institute for the Deaf and Dumb in Hartford and studied law. He entered law school in Albany, New York, but dropped out and finished his legal studies in Philadelphia under William Meredith.

Sutton passed the bar in Philadelphia and finally began to practice there in 1863 at the age of twenty-eight. He wasted little time in building up a large and successful career in the city and nearby Delaware and Montgomery counties. Sutton helped raise a company of emergency militia during the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania, but the unit was not activated. He involved himself also in banking. He organized, promoted, and served as a director in the Merion Title and Trust Company and the Bryn Mawr National Bank. In addition, Sutton performed his civic duty in the area as the elected auditor in 1876 and as school director of Lower Merion Township in 1879. He also held a seat for four years as a Democratic representative in the state senate between 1882 and 1887. Subsequently, Sutton served as county judge in Montgomery County. He was also president and treasurer of the board of trustees of his local Methodist church. In 1909, Dickinson College awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree.

Sutton married Hannah Anderson of Haverford in June 1872. The couple lived in that town and had nine children, eight of whom survived into adulthood. William Henry Sutton died on March 14, 1913 at Haverford and was buried in the West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. He was seventy-seven years old.

William Howard Irwin was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania in 1818. He enrolled with the class of 1840 at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the fall of 1836. He was elected as a member of the Union Philosophical Society but left the College after two years to study law at home in Lewistown where he was called to the bar in 1842.

He practiced in Lewistown until February 1847 when he and a friend traveled to Washington D.C. to request and win commissions in the 11th U.S. Infantry. They returned to recruit a unit from Mifflin County for service in the Mexican War. This company, known locally as the Juniata Guards, became Company D, 11th Infantry and left Lewistown on March 25, 1847. Giving the main speech seeing off the troops was Irwin's fellow lawyer, Lewistown native, and Dickinsonian, James K. Kelly. On September 8, 1847, with the 11th serving in Pillow's Division at the Battle of El Molino del Rey, Irwin was seriously wounded at the head of his company. Following recuperation, now breveted as a major for his bravery, he returned to Lewistown with his company in August, 1848.

He returned to practice until the outbreak of the Civil War when he again went into uniform. He enlisted as a private immediately after the firing on Fort Sumner, serving in the "Logan Guards" helping to secure the national capital from sudden attack. He was named soon after as the colonel of the 7th Pennsylvania Volunteers, a ninety days enlistment unit that participated in the early push down the Shenandoah Valley in June and July 1861. Following the mustering out of the 7th, he assisted in the raising and organizing of Pennsylvania units until he was appointed colonel of the 49th Pennsylvania Infantry in late 1861. During the training of that unit, he was involved in controversy when several officers under his command filed charges and he was tried under court martial early in 1862 for drunkenness and "conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline." He was acquitted on the first charge but convicted on the second, which drew him an inconsequential suspended punishment. He went on to lead the 49th with distinction in the Peninsula Campaign and was appointed as a brigade commander in the 2nd Division of the VI Corps for the advance into Maryland that culminated at Antietam in September 1862. His 3rd Brigade fought well during the battle and Irwin was commended. The next major engagement for the unit was at Fredericksburg when, on April 29, 1863, crossing the river in the pontoons under fire, Irwin was wounded in the foot. In October, 1863, increasing troubled by illness and wounds and suffering from mental exhaustion, he was declared unfit for field service and he resigned his commission. Following the war, he was named as a brevet brigadier general for his service and his conduct at Antietam.

He had before the war married a widow named Mitchell. His stepson, William Galbraith Mitchell served with him and ended the war himself as a brevet brigadier general. Following the war, Irwin practiced law, and was involved with coal and railroads. Increasingly unstable, he died from exhaustion in the Central Kentucky Asylum in Anchorage, Kentucky on January 17, 1886. He was sixty five years old.

William James Bowdle was born the son of Amos Bowdle and his wife in Church Creek, Maryland on October 8, 1834. He entered the Dickinson Grammar School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in September 1849 and then joined the undergraduate class of 1854 a year later. His classmates remember "Billy" as the fun-loving and well-liked center for mischief on the campus. He was elected to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class. He then went on to study medicine, gaining his degree in Baltimore in 1856.

He removed to Kansas with the determination to help the territory become a slave-holding state but returned somewhat disillusioned in 1859 to Baltimore. He gave up his practice and enlisted in the United States Navy as a surgeon in 1861; he served for a time as hospital surgeon at the naval hospital on Hilton Head , South Carolina. Following the war, he returned to Dorchester County and practiced medicine there until his death.

While in Kansas, he had married a Southern women. Nothing further is known of his family life. William James Bowdle died at his home in Church Creek, Maryland on August 1, 1876. He was forty-one years old.

On December 22, 1851, William Lambert Gooding was born to William and Lydia A. Gooding on the family farm in Galena, Maryland.  When he was nineteen years old William Lambert’s father died, and it was discovered the elder Gooding had purchased a subscription for his son to study at Dickinson College. Receiving his bachelor of arts degree from Dickinson in 1874, Gooding wanted to go on to medical school.  However, he needed money to pursue those studies.  His solution was to accept a teaching position at the Wilmington Conference Academy, Delaware.  After a short time, Gooding went on to study at Harvard University.  He then continued his studies in Germany for three years at universities in Göttingen, Leipzig and Heidelberg, but poor health forced him to come back to the United States in 1881 without having completed his degree.  In recognition of his scholarship, Gooding was awarded an honorary doctorate of philosophy from Dickinson College in 1887.

Once back in the United States, Gooding accepted a one-year teaching position at Wesleyan University.  The following year, 1882, he was again employed by the Wilmington Conference Academy, this time as the school's principal.  Having returned to Delaware, on October 6, 1882 he married Kathleen Moore, one of his students during his earlier tenure at the academy.  He continued as principal of the academy until 1898.

When William K. Dare, professor of history and pedagogy at Dickinson College, became ill in 1898, Gooding was called to fill a one-year appointment while Dare recuperated.  His alma mater retained his services, as Gooding was named an instructor in philosophy and education.   He brought both disciplines together in 1900 under the aegis of the philosophy department.  On September 4, 1916, just a few months short of his retirement, William Lambert Gooding died in his home in Carlisle.

Cannon was born on April 6, 1839 at Bridgeville, Delaware. His father, William Cannon, was a successful merchant who later became governor of Delaware during the war.  At Dickinson, Cannon was a member of the Union Philosophical Society as well as Phi Kappa Sigma.  He received his bachelor of arts degree in 1860.  After graduation he obtained a position at the Census Bureau in Washington, D.C.

Cannon became a captain of the 1st Delaware cavalry in the Army of the Potomac and was placed in command of Company B of that unit.  He contracted typhoid fever during the occupation of Bel Air, Maryland, dying there on August 18, 1863.

William McFunn Penrose, the eldest son of Charles Bingham and Valeria Fullerton Biddle Penrose, was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania on March 29, 1825; Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose was his younger brother. Their father was a well-known lawyer in the town. In 1840, William entered the local Dickinson College with the class of 1844. He won election to the Belles Lettres Society and graduated with his class. He then studied law, was admitted to the Carlisle bar in 1844, and immediately began a practice in Cumberland County.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, the six foot tall Penrose mustered in with what was to become the Sixth Reserves, 35th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers and was elected as a lieutenant-colonel when the unit was organized at Harrisburg in June 1861. The 35th was accepted into federal service on July 27, five days after moving to Camp Tenallytown; it wintered at Camp Pierpoint near Langley, Virginia. Penrose, as temporary commander of the regiment, saw action and was commended after the battle of Dranesville on December 20, 1861 for his coolness in command and the 35th Regiment's pursuit of the enemy. Camp Pierpoint, unfortunately, was a poorly drained establishment that brought widespread sickness, mostly probably malaria, to the regiment, including Penrose. With the regrets of his brigade commander, General Ord, Penrose resigned his commission due to illness early in 1862 and returned to Carlisle.

Penrose sat on the town council in 1862 and 1863 and it was he and several of his fellow members that went to the southern edge of town in June 1863 to discuss with the second wave of Confederate troops to invade Carlisle a peaceful treatment for the town. Confusion led to the brief shelling before the occupation, however. Following the war, the respected and admired Penrose continued his popular law practice.

In 1858, Penrose married Valeria Merchant of Pittsburgh, the daughter of an army general. The couple had four daughters, Sarah, Valeria, Ellen, and Jennie. The illness contracted in the Union Army camps never left him, however, and William McFunn Penrose died in Carlisle at his home on High Street after a short illness on September 2, 1872. He was forty-seven years old.

William Harnsberger was born on May 23, 1835 in Port Republic, Rockingham County, Virginia. As a member of the class of 1856, “Willie” was active in the Union Philosophical Society, Phi Kappa Sigma, and Zeta Psi. His brother, Henry, had been a member of the class of 1841. After receiving his bachelor of arts degree, William returned to Virginia, where he taught until the start of the Civil War.

Harnsberger enlisted in the Confederate States Army soon after the outbreak of the war. He was killed on September 19, 1862 in Loudoun County, Virginia.

William Aldred was born April 6, 1828 in New Castle County, Delaware.  He received a bachelor of arts degree from Dickinson College in 1856; as a student, he was a member of the Union Philosophical Society.  After graduation, Aldred returned to Delaware and became a teacher.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Aldred became a lieutenant in the 3rd Delaware Infantry; he later rose to the rank of adjutant.  He died at Front Royal, Virginia on August 8, 1862.

William T. Kinzer was born in Blacksburg, Virginia. In January 1856 he entered the Dickinson College Grammar School and studied there for a semester before entering the freshman class. As a student, Kinzer was a member of the Union Philosophical Society, the VP society, and the Good Templars Temperance Society. He also wrote several articles for his hometown newspaper.

Kinzer’s father died early in the summer of 1857, thereby removing his means of financial support. At the end of the spring semester in 1857, Kinzer and a friend took a train to Hagerstown, Maryland and walked home to Blacksburg from there. He remained and began the study of law under Waller Staples, Esq., in nearby Montgomery.

Kinzer moved to St. Stephens in the Nebraska territory in 1859. He did not enjoy a successful practice, and, falling gravely ill, he returned to Blacksburg after only six months. Kinzer resumed the practice of law there, but he enlisted in Company L, 4th Virginia Infantry on July 16, 1861.

His military career was an eventful one. He was appointed a first sergeant on December 27, 1861 but was demoted the following April before being promoted to fourth corporal in August 1862, and fourth sergeant a year later. He was wounded at Chancellorsville on May 3, 1863 and was captured at Spotsylvania on May 12, 1864. Kinzer died on July 15, 1864 at Point Lookout Prison, Maryland.

William Trickett was born on June 9, 1840 in the English Midlands town of Leicester. When he was very young his family moved from England to Philadelphia where he lived until he entered Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1866. Two years later he was awarded his bachelor of arts degree. Upon graduation in 1868, Trickett assumed the role of principal of the Dickinson Grammar School for one year, followed by service for two years as adjunct professor of philosophy at the College. He earned his master's degree from Dickinson in 1871 and, immediately following, left to tour Europe for two years.

Trickett returned to Dickinson, teaching modern languages for a year, but in 1875 he was among the three faculty members whose contracts were not renewed by President James McCauley. Trickett then began to focus his energies on the law, and in 1876 he was admitted to the Cumberland County Bar Association. In 1890 he received an honorary degree in law from DePauw University, and in that same year he was selected to serve as dean of Dickinson Law School.  Trickett would retain this position until his death on August 1, 1928.   Trickett Hall on the campus of the Dickinson School of Law is named in his honor.  He never married.

William Wallace Shapley was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1843, the son of Rufus and Susan Shapley and the younger brother of Rufus Shapley.  He was educated locally and entered Carlisle's Dickinson College with the class of 1863.  He was a member of the Union Philosophical Society but did not graduate.  He later studied medicine and took up service in the Unites States Army as an Assistant Surgeon.

Shapley served with the Seventh Infantry in Florida between 1865 and 1869 before it was reassigned to Fort Shaw in the department of the Platte in Montana Territory in the spring of 1870.  Conditions were difficult for infantry and Shapley, according to his fellow officers, had become quite stout and was suffering increasing apoplectic attacks.  On a particularly arduous march into the Wind River Country, Shapley suffered a brain seizure near Silver Star, Montana and died in the early morning of August 12, 1870.  He was buried in a lonely spot on the march, near the Fish Creek Post Office close to the road of the stage coach line.  The nearest railway was then four hundred miles away.

William Wood Gerhard was born on July 23, 1809 to a Moravian Brethren hatter and his wife in Philadelphia.  William, the eldest child, was educated at home and in local schools; as a voracious reader he was able to enter Dickinson College with the class of 1826 at the age of seventeen.  While at the College, both he and his brother Benjamin were active members of the Union Philosophical Society.  He returned to Philadelphia to study medicine under the well known Joseph Parrish and at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School where he was awarded a medical degree in 1830.  Both before and after his degree was awarded, he served a residency in the Philadelphia Almshouse and made observations on communicable diseases.  When the opportunity arose for him to study in Paris in spring 1831, thanks to an influential professor at Penn, Dr. Samuel Jackson,  he was drawn to the teachings of Pierre-Charles-Alexander Louis, the founder of medical statistics for which careful observation, recording and analysis of cases were paramount.

Louis was to have a powerful influence on medicine in the United States through his encouragement of American students, and Gerhard became one of the small group who were to bring that influence to bear.  He also visited the medical school at Edinburgh on his way home and observed an outbreak of typhus in that city.  He returned to Philadelphia and his residency in 1833, and was able to convince the Almshouse to change its name to the Philadelphia Hospital.  His early research centered on diseases in poor children, but by 1837 he had completed his most important discovery, which clearly distinguished for the first time that typhus and typhoid, though they often shared symptoms, were separate and distinct contagions.  His ideas and use of scientific statistical tools also represented an historic break with the dominant thinking of Benjamin Rush and his successors as well as the value of the new methods coming from Paris.  Gerhard himself had contracted typhoid fever that same year during his work in the Philadelphia poor wards.  He was named as professor of the institutes of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1838 and remained in that post until his death.  In 1842, his Lectures on the Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of Diseases of the Chest brought him further recognition.  He was also the founder and first president of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia.

Never in the best of health after his brush with typhoid, he suffered several small strokes during his career.  Observers noticed that his drive and his originality suffered as time went on, although he published an important paper on epidemic cerebral spinal meningitis or "spotted fever" in 1863 and he remained a popular lecturer.  In 1850 he had married  the daughter of a retired British officer named Dobbyn and the couple had three children.  Following a visit to Europe and a meeting with his old mentor, Louis, in 1868, he fractured an ankle and retired from active medical practice.  He never completely recovered from this injury and on April 28, 1872 died of a  stroke at the age of 62.  The William Wood Gerhard Gold Medal, awarded each year since 1925 by the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, successors to the original society he had founded, celebrates his memory.

Zebulon Dyer was born in 1837 in Upper Tract, Pendleton County, West Virginia. He was a member of the Union Philosophical Society and Phi Kappa Sigma; he received his bachelor of arts degree in 1859. Until the outbreak of the Civil War, he spent the next two years teaching and studying law.

Dyer entered the Confederate States Army as a lieutenant in 1861; he was killed later that same year at Allegheny Mountain on December 13. He was twenty-four years old.