Scholarship
George Purnell Fisher (Essah, 1996)
Patience Essah, A House Divided: Slavery and Emancipation in Delaware, 1638-1865 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996), 166.
The Republican position as defined by Fisher promised benefit including financial gain, an end to the Civil War, and removal of all free blacks through colonization. Contrary to Democratic assertions regarding the high cost of emancipation, Fisher believed that abolition of slavery would save the national government the expense of the Civil War. It cost less to support compensated emancipation in Delaware, argued Fisher, than the expenditure for half a day of warfare.
Irvin McDowell (New York Times)
Obituary
“Death of Gen. M’Dowell,” New York Times, May 6, 1885, p. 5: 3.
DEATH OF GEN. M’DOWELL
THE CAREER OF A GALLANT DEFENDER OF THE UNION.
THE FIRST PROMINENT COMMANDER IN THE WAR O THE REBELLION—A GENERAL WHOM MISFORTUNE PURSUED.
THE CAREER OF A GALLANT DEFENDER OF THE UNION.
THE FIRST PROMINENT COMMANDER IN THE WAR O THE REBELLION—A GENERAL WHOM MISFORTUNE PURSUED.
John Creswell (Boston Advertiser)
Obituary
“J. A. J Creswell Dead.,” Boston (MA) Advertiser, December 24, 1891, p. 2: 4.
He Was President Grant’s Postmaster-General for Five Years – Congressman, U.S. Senator and Important State Officer
ELKTON, MD., Dec. 23- J. A. J. Creswell who died here today, was born at Port Deposit, Md., Nov. 18, 1828. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1848, and was admitted to the bar of Maryland in 1850. He was appointed postmaster-general by President Grant in 1869 and served five years and four months. During his administration many important reforms were introduced.
ELKTON, MD., Dec. 23- J. A. J. Creswell who died here today, was born at Port Deposit, Md., Nov. 18, 1828. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1848, and was admitted to the bar of Maryland in 1850. He was appointed postmaster-general by President Grant in 1869 and served five years and four months. During his administration many important reforms were introduced.
Panic of 1857 (Roark, 2002)
Textbook
James L. Roark, et al., eds., The American Promise: A History of the United States, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002), 477-479.
Not only did Douglas have to content with a formidable foe, but he also carried the weight of a burden not of his own making. The previous year, the nation’s economy experienced a sharp downturn. Prices plummeted, thousands of businesses failed, and unemployment rose. The causes of the panic of 1857 lay in the international economy, but Americans reflexively interpreted the panic in sectional terms.
John McClintock (New York Times)
Obituary
"Rev. John McClintock," New York Times, March 5, 1870, p. 5: 2-3.
Rev. John McClintock, D.D., LL.D.
Frederick Douglass (Dictionary of American Biography)
Reference
Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds., Dictionary of American Biograohy (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1931), 3: 407.
Physically, Douglass was a commanding person, over six feet in height, with brown skin, frizzly hair, leonine head, strong constitution, and a fine voice. Persons who had heard him on the platform began to doubt his story. They questioned if this man who spoke good English and bore himself with independent self-assertion could ever have been a slave. Thereupon he wrote his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass which Wendell Phillips advised him to burn. It was a daring recital of facts and Phillips feared that it might lead to his reenslavement.
Panic of 1857 (Tindall, 1999)
Textbook
George Brown Tindall and David E. Shi, eds., America: A Narrative History, 5th ed., Vol. 1 (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1999), 707-708.
The third crisis of Buchanan’s first half year in office, a financial crisis, broke in August 1857. It was brought on by a reduction in demand for American grain caused by the end of the Crimean War (1854-1856), a surge in manufacturing that outran the growth of markets, and the continued weakness and confusion of the state banknote system. Failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company on August 24, 1857, precipitated the panic, which was followed by a depression from which the country did not emerge until 1859.
John Creswell (Appleton’s)
Reference
James Grant Wilson and John Fiske, eds., “Creswell, John A. J,” Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1888), 2: 8.
CRESWELL, John A. J., statesman, b. in Port Deposit, Cecil co., Md., 18 Nov., 1828. He was graduated at Dickinson college. Pa., in 1848, studied law, and was admitted to the Maryland bar in 1850. He was a member of the state legislature in 1860 and 1862, and assistant adjutant-general for Maryland in 1862-'3. He was elected to congress, and served from 7 Dec., 1863, till 3 March, 1865; and, having distinguished himself as an earnest friend of the Union, was elected as a republican to the U. S. senate in March, 1865, to fill the unexpired term of Thomas H. Hicks.
Frederick Douglass (New York Times)
Obituary
"Fred Douglass," New York Times, February 23, 1895, p. 4: 3-4.
John McClintock (National Cyclopaedia)
Reference
"McClintock, John," The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography (New York: James T. White & Company, 1895), 6: 432.
McCLINTOCK, John, theologian and author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 27, 1814. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835, and in 1836 was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. He became professor of Greek and Latin in 1840, a position he held for eight years.