Population. — From the date of the first enumeration of the inhabitants, 150 years ago, when the colony contained but 20,000 souls, the population of Pennsylvania has continued to "increase and multiply," in steady and regular progression. At the present time its population numbers over 2,300,000. It is composed of the best possible materials for the formation and preservation of a free state. Industry, frugality, order, and patriotism are among the distinguishing traits of the people.

Internal Improvements. — The position, extent, and resources of Pennsylvania have naturally stimulated her people to the establishment of all needful facilities for the promotion of her great agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial interests. Accordingly her revenues and credit, and the means of her wealthiest citizens, have been liberally devoted to the construction of various descriptions of public works, some of which are on a scale of great magnitude.

Education. — Pennsylvania has recently done much for the advancement of free education. There are in the state, independent of the city and county of Philadelphia, about 1500 school districts, and near 10,000 common schools, containing over 400,000 scholars. For the support of these institutions, some -$700,000 to $800,000 are annually raised, partly by taxation in theseveral districts, and partly through state appropriations.

Government. — The present constitution provides for the election of governor triennially by the people; not to hold office longer than six years in nine: the Senate, consisting of 33 members, one third chosen each year, are elected for three years: the House of Representatives contains 100 members, chosen annually. The judicial officers are appointed by the executive, subject to the approval of the Senate. The secretary of state is exclusively an executive appointment; and the treasurer is chosen annually by the legislature in joint ballot.

Gettysburg, Pa., seat of justice of Adams co. 35 miles E. N. E. from Harrisburg, 52 N. W. from Baltimore, and 114 W. from Philadelphia. It is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a fertile and well-cultivated country, and at the intersection of several important turnpike roads. It is a plain town, but neatly and well built.