Election of 1860

The election of 1860 may have been the most significant in American history. It was certainly the only contest so far where the losing party refused to accept the results. Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican elected to the White House, securing an easy electoral majority but with just less than 40 percent of the popular vote. Within weeks, states from the Deep South, led by South Carolina, began to secede from the union. (By Matthew Pinsker)

    Date Event
    Lincoln holds meeting regarding 1860 election
    Senator Seward sails for Europe on a mission to "recruit his health" and study "Old World" institutions
    Leading Chicago newspaper strongly endorses Abraham Lincoln for President
    Abraham Lincoln gives a speech in Elwood at the start of a five day speaking tour in Kansas
    Abraham Lincoln tests his speech on slavery during a visit to Atchison, Kansas
    - Abraham Lincoln finishes his five day speaking tour in Kansas with two speeches in Leavenworth
    Abraham Lincoln leaves for home after his short Kansas speaking tour
    Senator Seward of New York returns to the United States from Europe
    The returned Senator Seward meets his New York City contituents
    The California Legislature assembles in Sacremento with a slight pro-slavery Democratic majority
    Illinois Democrats choose their Charleston delegates and back Stephen Douglas as the nominee
    Kentucky Democratic Convention chooses James Guthrie as its candidate for president
    - The Alabama Democratic Convention meets in Montgomery and formulates the "Alabama Platform"
    - Indiana Democratic Convention meets in Indianapolis
    Tennessee Democrats nominate Senator Andrew Johnson as their candidate for president
    Republican Salmon P. Chase elected as Senator from Ohio
    John W. Forney returns as Clerk of the House, this time as a Republican
    Democrats increase their majority in Lancaster, Pennsylvania municipal elections
    Connecticut Democratic Convention nominates relectant Thomas Seymour for Governor
    - Pennsylvania Opposition Party Convention nominates Cameron for President and Curtin for Governor
    Abraham Lincoln speaks before the Cooper Union in New York City
    Abraham Lincoln speaks in Providence, Rhode Island
    Wisconsin Republicans support William Seward for President
    Ohio Republicans meet in Columbus and select Senator Chase as their choice for President
    Abraham Lincoln speaks to New Hampshire Republicans at Exeter
    Abraham Lincoln visits his son at Phillips Academy in New Hampshire
    Louisiana Democratic Convention selects Senator John Slidell as preferred candidate for President
    Massachusetts Republicans make William H. Seward their first choice for President
    Abraham Lincoln rallies Connecticut Republicans in a strong evening speech at Norwich
    Abraham Lincoln concludes his New England tour with a speech in Bridgeport, Connecticut
    Lincoln claims he cannot raise $10,000 for campaign even to save himself from "fate of John Brown"
    Constitutional Union Party begins its presidential campaign in Boston
    Kansas Democrats choose Stephen Douglas as their candidate for President
    Arkansas Democratic Convention meets in Little Rock
    Republicans sweep state elections in Connecticut
    Conservative Republican defeats the official Republican nominee in race for Rhode Island governor
    - Missouri Democratic Party Convention meets in Jefferson City
    Indiana's Constitutional Union Party selects Ohio's Judge John McLean as choice for President
    Harrisburg, Pennsylvania elects Democrat William H. Kepner as its first mayor
    In Virginia, Prince William County Republicans meet to choose delegates for the state convention in Wheeling
    New York State Republican Convention selects William H. Seward as its choice for President
    - Democrats hold their National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina
    Maryland Republicans hold their state convention in Baltimore amidst hostile crowds
    The Delaware Opposition Party Convention meets to select delegates for Chicago
    Opposition Party holds on to power in the Philadelphia municipal elections
    The Virginia Republican State Convention meets in Wheeling, Virginia
    In Charleston, South Carolina, the Democratic National Convention votes to adjourn and meet in Baltimore
    - Illinois Republicans hold their state convention in Decatur and nominate Richard Yates for governor
    The Constitutional Union Party meets in its national convention in Baltimore, Maryland
    Meeting in Baltimore, the Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell for president
    Female correspondent covers the Chicago Convention of the Republican Party
    - Republican National Convention meets in Chicago, Illinois
    In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln receives the news by telegraph of his nomination for President
    In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln is formally offered the Republican Party nomination for President
    In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln formally accepts the Republican nomination for President
    Alabama Constitutional Union Convention in Selma applauds nominations of Bell and Everett
    Pennsylvania Republicans meet in Harrisburg and Philadelphia to ratify the recent nominations in Chicago
    - Divided Alabama Democratic Party holds two separate nominating conventions in Montgomery
    Horatio Seymour withdraws his name from any consideration for the Democratic presidential nomination
    Maine Republicans endorse Lincoln for President and nominate Israel Washburn for governor
    In Detroit, Michigan Republicans endorse the Chicago nominations and choose Austin Blair for governor
    At Donaldsonville, Louisiana's "New Line" Democrats endorse Stephen Douglas for president
    Illinois State Democratic Convention meets in Springfield
    Democratic National Convention reconvenes in Baltimore
    Democratic National Convention enters its second day in Baltimore
    - Democratic National Convention continues in Baltimore locked in debate over credentials and slavery
    Breakaway delegates in Baltimore nominate John C. Breckinridge, splitting the Democratic Party
    The depleted Democratic National Convention in Baltimore nominates Stephen Douglas for President
    Senator Benjamin Fitzpatrick of Alabama declines the Democratic nomination for vice president
    Vermont Republican Convention meets in Rutland and nominates Erastus Fairbanks for governor
    Stephen Douglas makes his formal acceptance of his nomination for President of the United States
    At a mass meeting in Tammany Hall, New York Democrats unite behind Stephen Douglas
    In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Democrats meet over the split in the party's presidential nominations
    Ohio Democratic State Convention splits over endorsement of the Douglas-Johnson presidential ticket
    Mayor Wood of New York City proposes Democrats vote strategically across the country in November
    Outside the White House, thousands of Democrats hear President Buchanan speak in favor of Breckinridge
    Ohio Republican congressional candidate leaves party over platform plank on immigrant voting
    William T. Sherman, teaching in Louisiana, writes to his wife with cynicism about the upcoming election
    In a fiery speech, Senator Sumner predicts slavery will one day die as "a poisoned rat dies in its hole"
    New York States' Constitutional Unionists meet in convention at Utica
    Prominent New York American Party politician James O. Putnam endorses Abraham Lincoln
    Sparse attendance at a Douglas meeting in Wilmington, Delaware
    Bell-Everett newspaper in Augusta, Georgia calls the Breckinridge-Lane candidacy the "Suicide Ticket"
    At a Lincoln rally in New York City, Horace Greeley woos former Whig and American Party voters
    Stephen Douglas visits Hartford, Connecticut telling the crowd only the "regular" Democrats can save the country
    Arriving in Boston, Stephen Douglas continues his political tour
    The Pacific republic movement spreads to Oregon with rumors printed in the Salem press
    Breckinridge supporter John Brown Gordon tells college students slavery is "the hand-maid of civil liberty"
    Abraham Lincoln writes to introduce himself to his running mate Hannibal Hamlin
    In San Francisco, Emperor Norton I dissolves the United States republic and declares an absolute monarchy
    Benjamin Butler booed off the stage at Democratic meeting in Lowell, Massachusetts
    Survey finds only nine of Harvard's 107 man class of 1860 are Democrats while seventy-five are Republicans
    California Breckinridge Democrats organize in San Francisco
    From Missouri, Carl Schurz writes to his wife of his success in winning German-born voters to the Republican side
    In San Francisco, Democratic Party talks aimed at uniting Electoral College votes against the Republicans fail
    In Indiana, the Breckinridge Democrats meet in a state convention in Indianapolis
    Nebraska Republicans hold their territorial convention at Plattsmouth
    Giant Republican rally in Springfield, Illinois
    Illinois Constitutional Union supporters hold their state convention in Decatur
    Nebraska Democrats hold their territorial convention at Omaha
    Stephen Douglas continues his campaign swing through Virginia at Petersburg
    In Augusta, former Georgia congressman Andrew Stephens speaks at a rally for Stephen Douglas
    In Vermont, Republicans win state-wide elections
    Senator W.H. Seward speaks in Detroit on a campaign swing for Republicans in Michigan
    - In California, Douglas Democrats hold their state convention in Sacramento and choose electors
    Another huge Republican rally, this time in Jersey City, New Jersey
    In Baltimore, Stephen Douglas speaks to a large crowd in Monument Square
    Senator Douglas's campaign swing reaches Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    Republicans sweep the Maine state-wide elections
    In California, Breckinridge Democrats hold their state convention in Sacramento and choose electors
    Four thousand "Wide Awake" club members march in a torch-lit parade through Albany, New York
    In New York City, a massive Douglas Democrat campaign barbecue draws tens of thousands
    Stephen Douglas continues his campaign with a whistle-stop train journey through up-state New York
    In Pennsylvania, Douglas and Breckinridge Democrats unite behind gubernatorial nominee Henry Foster
    Senator Douglas's New York campaign swing arrives in Rochester
    Rhode Island Republican Convention held in Providence
    Senator Seward campaigns for the Republican Party in St. Joseph, Missouri
    In New York City, Republican "Wide Awakes" brawl with Bell supporters on Broadway
    In Maryland, Breckinridge supporter William Yancey of Alabama speaks before a large crowd in Easton
    Campaigning in Kansas, Senator Seward receives a hero's welcome at Lawrence
    Florida holds state-wide elections, choosing Breckinridge Democrat John Milton as governor
    In Connecticut, Bridgeport elects a Republican mayor
    In New York City, 12,000 Republican "Wide-Awakes" march in a huge torch-lit night parade
    William H. Seward continues his stumping tour for Republicans in Cleveland, Ohio
    W.H. Seward arrives home in Auburn, New York after his Midwestern electioneering tour
    Republicans sweep to victory in state-wide elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota
    In New York City, "fire-eater" William L. Yancey of Alabama speaks at the Cooper Union
    - Stephen Douglas makes his final campaign tour, through the Deep South
    In Kentucky, "fire-eater" William Lowndes Yancey stumps for Breckinridge
    - Stephen Douglas ends his presidential campaign with speeches in Georgia and Alabama
    In Baltimore, pre-election political parades and meetings spawn violence
    New York City's veterans of the War of 1812 meet and declare for Lincoln and the Republicans
    William T. Sherman, teaching in Louisiana, writes to his wife about local attitudes on the election
    Crowd waiting outside the Charleston Mercury office cheer at news of Abraham Lincoln’s victory
    Presidential election evokes little excitement in Philadelphia
    Election Day in Memphis, Tennessee
    Stephen Douglas receives updates on election returns while in Mobile, Alabama
    Senator John C. Breckinridge votes at home in Lexington, Kentucky
    In New York City, crowds of Democrats gather outside Tammany Hall to hear the news of their defeat
    The moderate Constitutional Union ticket of Bell and Everett narrowly carries Virginia
    Abraham Lincoln votes in Springfield, Illinois at 3:30PM and waits for election news at a local telegraph office
    New York City resident George Templeton Strong votes for Abraham Lincoln
    Philadelphia Democrats urge the South not to take precipitous action over the Republican victory
    William T. Sherman writes to his wife from Louisiana about the election
    - Financial disruption verges on panic and Virginia banks suspend specie payments
    As specie flows South, New York banks agree to work in concert to stabilize markets
    The Georgia Legislature chooses its presidential electors
    General Winfield Scott orders Captain Charles Stone to put the District of Columbia Militia under arms
    Captain Charles Stone takes up his duties at the head of the District of Columbia Militia
    In Augusta, former Maine governor Lot M. Morrill elected to replace Hannibal Hamlin in U.S. Senate
    In Harrisburg, Andrew Gregg Curtin sworn in as the Pennsylvania's first Republican governor
    General Scott gives assurances of a smooth official counting of the Electoral College votes next week
    President-Elect Lincoln departs Springfield, Illinois on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
    President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Indianapolis on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
    The presidential election becomes official with the announcement from the Electoral College
    President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Columbus, Ohio on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
    President-Elect Abraham Lincoln arrives in Pittsburgh on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
    Abraham Lincoln speaks in Pittsburgh and then continues his pre-inaugural tour to Cleveland, Ohio
    Abraham Lincoln travels from Cleveland to Buffalo, New York meeting Grace Bedell on the way
    Abraham Lincoln reaches Albany, New York on his pre-inaugural tour and speaks at the capitol
    Abraham Lincoln arrives in New York City on his pre-inaugural tour
    Abraham Lincoln spends the day in New York City, addresses the City Council, and goes to the Opera
    Abraham Lincoln travels to Trenton, New Jersey and then to Philadelphia on his pre-inaugural tour
    Abraham Lincoln visits Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and from there secretly travels directly to Washington
    Edward Payson Weston sets off to walk from Boston to Washington DC to pay off an election bet
    Abraham Lincoln secretly heads directly to Washington arriving in the early morning hours
    The 36th Congress of the United States ends its second session, finishes its term, and adjourns
    Hannibal Hamlin takes the oath as fifteenth Vice President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol
    Edward Payson Weston, having walked from Boston, arrives in Washington DC four hours late
    Abraham Lincoln takes the oath as the sixteenth President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol
    Outgoing president James Buchanan leaves Washington for his home in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
    The U.S. Senate, sitting in extraordinary session, confirms all of President Lincoln's cabinet choices
    Date Title
    Washington (DC) National Era, "Black Republicanism in Missouri," January 1, 1857
    New York Herald, "The Decision in the Dred Scott," March 9, 1857
    New York Herald, “The New Order of Battle,” March 13, 1857
    Washington (DC) National Era, "The Southern Press," April 30, 1857
    Washington (DC) National Era, “A Mistake,” August 13, 1857
    Washington (DC) National Era, "The Union," October 15, 1857
    New York Times, “Opening of the Presidential Campaign of 1860,” December 23, 1857
    Israel Washburn to James Shepard Pike, March 16, 1858
    New York Herald, "Found At Last," June 13, 1858
    Raleigh (NC) Register, “The Northern Democracy Split to Pieces,” June 23, 1858
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “A Crumb of Comfort for Mr. Seward,” June 26, 1858
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Orleans Delta on the Illinois Republican Convention,” July 5, 1858
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Senator Crittenden,” July 8, 1858
    New York Times, "Presidential Candidates," July 14, 1858
    Milwaukie (WI) Sentinel, "Douglas in the South," July 20, 1858
    New York Herald, "The Late Meeting of Maryland Slaveholders," July 23, 1858
    (St. Louis) Missouri Republican, “Our Work Is Done,” August 1, 1858
    New York Herald, “Political Joking," August 15, 1858
    Recollection by J.K. Magic, Ottawa Debate, August 21, 1858
    Recollection by Ingalls Carleton, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
    Recollection by Joseph Medill, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
    Joseph Medill to Abraham Lincoln, August 27, 1858
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “1860,” September 13, 1858
    New York Times, “A Georgia Douglas Man,” October 20, 1858
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, "Divided We Fall," October 25, 1858
    Horace White to Abraham Lincoln, November 5, 1858
    New York Herald, “Douglas for the Presidency,” November 7, 1858
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Revival of the Whig Party,” November 8, 1858
    William A. Grimshaw to Abraham Lincoln, November 11, 1858
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "A House Divided, &c.," November 17, 1858
    New York Herald, “Mr. Douglas On His Travels,” November 28, 1858
    New York Herald, “The Struggle Among the Virginia Democracy,” December 5, 1858
    Raleigh (NC) Register, “Douglas Stock Rising,” December 8, 1858
    New York Herald, “The Union of the Opposition Factions,” December 10, 1858
    Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, December 11, 1858
    New York Times, “Senator Douglas and the City Government,” December 20, 1858
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Political Meeting,” December 24, 1858
    New York Times, “Douglas and the Democracy,” December 25, 1858
    New York Times, “Reasons why all Parties should Nominate Southern Candidates for President in 1860,” December 27, 1858
    Recollection of Jesse W. Fell, Conversation with Abraham Lincoln in early 1859
    New York Times, “Arrival of Senator Douglas in Philadelphia,” January 4, 1859
    Recollection by Gustave Koerner, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
    Recollection by Horace White, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Plans of the Opposition for 1860,” January 9, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Presidential Aspirants,” January 10, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “For the Lambs of the Flock,” January 12, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Present Congress and the Next President,” January 17, 1859
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Chicago Times, Senator Douglas and the Administration,” January 18, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Presidential Question,” January 24, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Case of Douglas vs. Fitch," January 25, 1859
    New York Times, “The Killing of the Pacific Railroad,” January 29, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Presidential Question,” January 29, 1859
    Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “A Candid Southern Opinion,” January 31, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Tariff,” February 13, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Black Republicans and Mr. Douglas,” February 22, 1859
    New York Times, “The Political Future,” February 26, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Union of the South,” March 9, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Anti-Slavery Tactics,” March 10, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Hand Writing on the Wall,” March 11, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Gubernatorial Contest in Virginia,” April 3, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Late Scattering Elections,” April 6, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Beginning of the Presidential Campaign,” April 7, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Next Presidential Election,” April 10, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Democratic Prospects,” April 11, 1859
    Thomas J. Pickett to Abraham Lincoln, April 13, 1859
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Democracy and Non-Intervention,” April 13, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to Thomas J. Pickett, April 16, 1859
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “Gov. Wise and the Presidency,” April 16, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Charleston Convention,” April 20, 1859
    New York Times, “A Party Portrait of Dictator Lopez,” April 25, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “An Opinion,” May 3, 1859
    New York Times, “When Did He Die?,” May 11, 1859
    New York Times, “Democratic Preparations for 1860,” May 17, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Canisius, May 17, 1859
    New York Times, “Making Too Much Haste,” May 21, 1859
    New York Herald, “Does Mr. Crittenden Back Out?,” May 22, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Republicanism in Virginia,” June 7, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Another Dred Scott Decision,” June 8, 1859
    New York Times, “Political Letters,” June 16, 1859
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “William H. Seward,” June 18, 1859
    New York Times, “Albany and Richmond,” June 29, 1859
    Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “The Douglas Manifesto,” July 4, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Forney and Douglas,” July 7, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Spoils,” July 20, 1858
    New York Herald, “Mr. Buchanan and the Succession,” July 24, 1859
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Folly,” July 25, 1859
    San Francisco (CA) Evening Bulletin, “If a Republican President?,” July 26, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Douglas in Kentucky,” July 27, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Chances of Douglas,” July 28, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, July 28, 1859
    New York Times, “The Slavery Question,” July 29, 1859
    New York Herald,“Mr. Douglas and His Forthcoming Manifesto,” July 31, 1859
    New York Times, “An Unwise Letter,” August 5, 1859
    New York Herald, “The Morals of Politics,” August 7, 1859
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “What is thought at the North of the New Ultimatum,” August 15, 1859
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Presidential,” August 30, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Open Declaration of Hostilities,” August 31, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Speech of Hon. Jeff. Davis,” September 5, 1859
    New York Times, “The Telegraph and the Presidency,” September 9, 1859
    New York Herald, “Stump Candidates for the Presidency,” September 11, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Danger To Douglas,” September 29, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Douglas in Mississippi,” October 3, 1859
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, “Fremont’s Position,” October 9, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Corwin, October 9, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Charleston Convention,” October 15, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Where will they Go?,” October 17, 1859
    Charles H. Ray to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1859
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "The Slave Insurrection at Harper's Ferry," October 27, 1859
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "Good Out of Evil," October 27, 1859
    New York Herald, “Political Excitement on the Rise,” October 30, 1859
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "Political Effect," October 31, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to William E. Frazer, November 1, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Mr. Douglas’ New Book,” November 4, 1859
    Hartford (CT) Courant, "Untitled," November 9, 1859
    William E. Frazer to Abraham Lincoln, November 12, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Other Brown," December 1, 1859
    New York Herald, “The South and Southern Safety,” December 4, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Virginia Wants the Nation to Foot Her Bills," December 8, 1859
    New York Herald, “Judge Douglas and the Administration,” December 11, 1859
    William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, December 12, 1859
    Hartford (CT) Courant, “Untitled,” December 20, 1859
    Abraham Lincoln to Jesse W. Fell, December 20, 1859
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “Mr. Douglas and the Presidency,” December 23, 1859
    New York Herald, “Seward Nominated for the Presidency by the Abolitionists,” December 25, 1859
    New York Herald, “Nomination of Gen. Scott by the New York Union Meeting,” December 27, 1859
    New York Herald, "The Underground Railroad and Its Victims," January 5, 1860
    Oliver P. Hall and Others to Abraham Lincoln, January 9, 1860, Mechanicsburg, Illinois
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Another Grievance for Virginia,” January 11, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “The Campaign of 1860,” January 14, 1860
    Charleston (SC) Courier, “The Probable Southern Candidate,” January 26, 1860
    Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “Paying the Piper,” January 28, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “The Voice of Indiana,” January 28, 1860
    Charles Billinghurst to Abraham Lincoln, February 8, 1860
    Horace White to Abraham Lincoln, February 10, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Sedition Laws,” February 14, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Oliver P. Hall, Jacob N. Fullinwider, and William F. Correll , Springfield, Illinois
    Raleigh (NC) Register, “How Firmly United the Democracy Are,” February 22, 1860
    Boston (MA) Advertiser, “What to do with Mr. Douglas,” February 23, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln, Address at Cooper Institute, New York City, February 27, 1860
    New York Herald, “Trouble among the Republican President Makers,” February 28, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Andrew J. Curtin,” March 1, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “The Chicago Convention,” March 2, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Abraham Lincoln’s Speech,” March 2, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Mr. Seward’s Speech,” March 3, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Mary Todd Lincoln, March 4, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Pennsylvania,” March 5, 1860
    Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “Mr. Douglas’s Bid,” March 5, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Pair of Smart Politicians,” March 14, 1860
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Untitled,” March 15, 1860
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Kellogg on Douglas,” March 17, 1860
    T. E. Norris to Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter, March 17, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot,“For President In 1860, Stephen A. Douglas,” March 17, 1860
    James A. Briggs to Salmon Portland Chase, March 17, 1860
    New York Times, "Democratic National Convention," March 17, 1860
    Philip Dandridge to Robert Hunter, March 18, 1860
    R. Tansill to Robert Hunter, March 22, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Charleston Convention,” March 24, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, March 24, 1860
    Charles Linsley to Robert Hunter, March 26, 1860
    Henry Fitzhugh to Robert Hunter, March 26, 1860
    William Wilkins to James Watson Webb, March 26, 1860
    Asa Biggs to Robert Hunter, March 27, 1860
    New York Times, “A Political Reason for High Charges,” March 28, 1860
    Thomas L. Kane to Robert Hunter, March 30, 1860
    C.G. Baylor to Robert Hunter, March 31, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “The Last Revelation from Douglas,” April 3, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Wide-Awakes,” April 4, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Douglas in Pennsylvania,” April 7, 1860
    Alexander Kelly McClure to Eli Slifer, April 14, 1860
    New York Times, “A Bomb-Shell for Charleston,” April 19, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “Waking Up to Their Danger,” April 20, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Douglas Nomination,” April 21, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Republican Press on the Chances of Douglas,” April 22, 1860
    New York Times, “The Charleston Convention,” April 24, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Wigwam,” April 25, 1860
    San Francisco (CA) Evening Bulletin, “Seward the Republican Nominee,” April 25, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “The Union,” April 26, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “‘Old Judge McLean’,” April 27, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Infamy Complete,” April 27, 1860
    New York Times, “Party Contests,” April 28, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Platform Crisis in Charleston,” April 29, 1860
    New York Times, “The Charleston Convention,” May 1, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Democratic Party Gone To Smash,” May 2, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Prophecy Fulfilled,” May 2, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Seceders at Charleston,” May 3, 1860
    Boston (MA) Advertiser, “The Wide Awakes,” May 4, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Northern Democrat at a Slave Auction,” May 5, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Coming Conventions,” May 9, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Admission of Kansas,” May 10, 1860
    New York Times, “Disunion Plots,” May 10, 1860
    Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “The Charleston Convention,” May 12, 1860
    Entry by Orville Browning, May 16, 1860
    - Recollection by Henry C. Whitney, Republican National Convention, May 16-18, 1860
    - Recollection by Murat Halstead, Republican National Convention, May 16-18, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln's Endorsement on the Margin of the Missouri Democrat, May 17, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Convention Week in Chicago," May 17, 1860
    New York Times, “A Douglas Demonstration in New York,” May 18, 1860
    Joshua Reed Giddings to Abraham Lincoln, May 19, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Enthusiasm over the Nomination,” May 19, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Black Republican Nominees," May 21, 1860
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “The Chicago Convention,” May 21, 1860
    Charleston (SC) Courier, "A Great Error," May 22, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "The Objects of the Black Republican Party Boldly Avowed," May 22, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Nomination of Mr. Lincoln,” May 22, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln as He Is,” May 23, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Register, "The Giant Killer Reversing His Own Work," May 23, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Standard, “The Chicago Convention,” May 23, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “Kansas in the Senate,” May 23, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to George Ashmun, May 23, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Candidates,” May 24, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Going – Going – Gone!,” May 24, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune,“The Fillmore Men,” May 25, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “Lincoln and Hamlin,” May 25, 1860
    New York Herald, “Bell and Everett Going Ahead,” May 27, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The New York Sun on Lincoln,” May 28, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln's Committals,” May 28, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln’s Hold on the Working-Men,” May 30, 1860
    Schuyler Colfax to Abraham Lincoln, May 30, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Leonard Swett, May 30, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Stop Quarreling,” May 30, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What Lincoln Did Not Do,” May 30, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Bell and Everett Going Ahead,” May 31, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln, Autobiography, circa June 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “Abraham Lincoln,” June 1, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to George Ashmun, June 4, 1860
    Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “Can Locofocos Explain It?,” June 5, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Standard, “Untitled,” June 6, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “Bell on Abolition Petitions,” June 6, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Lincoln at the South,” June 7, 1860
    Stephen A. Douglas to Follett Foster & Company, June 9, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln’s Majority in 1858,” June 11, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Getting Their Eyes Open,” June 11, 1860
    New York Herald, “Commencement of Republican Cabinet Making,” June 12, 1860
    Richard W. Thompson to Abraham Lincoln, June 12, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Mr. Bell’s Acceptance,” June 14, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “Violations of the Constitution,” June 15, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Richard W. Thompson, June 18, 1860
    John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, June 18, 1860
    George Ashmun to Abraham Lincoln, June 18, 1860
    New York Times, “The Baltimore Convention,” June 18, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, June 19, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Fillmore Men,” June 19, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Jeff. Davis on Platforms,” June 21, 1860
    Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “Noble Deeds of Northern Democracy,” June 23, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Reception of the Nomination of Douglas,” June 24, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Douglas’ Saturday Night,” June 25, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Thirty Days From Now,” June 26, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Explanation,” June 28, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Difference of Opinion,” June 29, 1860
    James O. Putnam to Leonard Swett, copied in Swett to Abraham Lincoln, July 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “A Quiet Campaign,” July 2, 1860
    New York Times, “The Presidential Election,” July 4, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Douglas Fizzle in Ashtabula,” July 6, 1860
    Richard W. Thompson to Abraham Lincoln, July 6, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Shabby Treatment,” July 7, 1860
    Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “The Democratic ‘Irrepressible Conflict,’” July 7, 1860
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Decidedly Wrong,” July 7, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A New Picture of Lincoln,” July 9, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Richard W. Thompson, July 10, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Political Dodge,” July 10, 1860
    John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, July 11, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “In A Quandary,” July 12, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Republican Paper Destroyed and Its Editor Driven from Town,” July 13, 1860
    John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, July 17, 1860
    New York Times, “The Fears of Mr. Wigfall,” July 17, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Register, “The President on the Stump,” July 18, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Important Change,” July 19, 1860
    New York Times, “The Herald in Harness,” July 21, 1860
    Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “An Insult to Labor,” July 21, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Still 'Suppressed,'” July 21, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Abraham Jonas, July 21, 1860
    New York Herald, “Lincoln or Breckinridge,” July 22, 1860
    William T. Sherman to Thomas Ewing, Jr., July 22, 1860
    New York Herald, “Slaves in New York,” July 23, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Untitled,” July 24, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “What the South Really Fears,” July 25, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “Black Republicanism Defined,” July 25, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “Bell for a Slave Code,” July 26, 1860
    Jole Johnson to Abraham Lincoln, July 27, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Mobbing Business,” July 28, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Patriotic Woman,” July 28, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Making a Cat’s-Paw of Douglas,” July 31, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Wide Awakes,” August 1, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Two Kinds of Intervention,” August 2, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Result of Freedom,” August 3, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Election in North Carolina,” August 4, 1860
    New York Herald, “Trouble Among the Republicans,” August 5, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Word For Douglasites,” August 6, 1860
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, "Who Are For Disunion?," August 8, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, "The 'Irrepressible Conflict,'" August 9, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, "Precipitate A Revolution," August 9, 1860
    New York Times, "Politics at the South," August 10, 1860
    James Buchanan to Gerard Hallock, August 11, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Combination to Cheat the People,” August 11, 1860
    New York Herald, “A Crowd of Douglasites in the Mud,” August 12, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Three Southern Frights,” August 13, 1860
    New York Herald, “'Honest Old Abe' and His Cabinet,” August 14, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, "Let Us Frighten Them," August 16, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “The South for Bell and Everett,” August 20, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Not Going to Dissolve the Union," August 21, 1860
    New York Times, “Mr. Yancey's Speech,” August 21, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "No Go Yet," August 23, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “Mr. Lincoln’s Foresight,” August 23, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, "California for Douglas," August 25, 1860
    New York Herald, “Interruption of a Political Meeting,” August 26, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "Facts for the People," August 28, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Alexander McClure, August 30, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Broken Platform,” August 30, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, “Is Lincoln an Abolitionist?,” August 31, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Artful Dodger,” September 1, 1860
    New York Herald, “Pennsylvania Politicians and New York Money,” September 2, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Two-Edged Sword,” September 3, 1860
    New York Times, “Senator Seward in Michigan,” September 5, 1860
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, "Yancey on Douglas," September 6, 1860
    Dover (NH) Gazette, “Withdrawal of General Houston,” September 8, 1860
    New York Times, “Speech of Mr. Breckinridge,” September 10, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "Mr. Breckinridge’s Great Speech at Lexington," September 11, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Disunion Movement," September 13, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “The War of the Giants,” September 13, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Reign of Terror in Texas,” September 16, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Astounding Impertinence of Douglas,” September 17, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Mum on the Great Question,” September 17, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “As Was Expected,” September 18, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Register, "Bell and Everett Pole-Raising," September 19, 1860
    New York Times, “Disunion Ravings,” September 20, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Who Began It?,” September 21, 1860
    New York Times, “The Nonsense of Disunion,” September 22, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Missouri Breckinridge State Convention,” September 23, 1860
    Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “The Difference,” September 25, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "Black Republican Bible," September 26, 1860
    New York Times, “When to Secede,” September 28, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Wolves In Sheep’s Clothing,” September 29, 1860
    New York Herald, “Campaign Documents,” September 30, 1860
    New York Times, “The Wide-Awake Parade,” October 3, 1860
    Ripley (OH) Bee, "The Disunion Slave Code Candidate," October 4, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "The 'Coercion' Issue," October 5, 1860
    New York Times, “Found at Last,” October 5, 1860
    New York Herald, “Won't Submit to Lincoln,” October 8, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Judge Taney vs. Douglas," October 9, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Information Wanted,” October 10, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Trap For Douglas,” October 11, 1860
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Terrors of Submission," October 11, 1860
    Anonymous. “True Republicans” to Abraham Lincoln, Friday, October 12, 1860
    New York Herald, “What are the Southern States Going to Do?,” October 12, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “There's No Secession in That,” October 13, 1860
    New York Herald, “Disturbance at a Breckinridge Barbecue in Kentucky,” October 14, 1860
    New York Times, “Very Suspicious,” October 15, 1860
    Grace Bedell to Abraham Lincoln, October 15, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Attack on the Wide Awakes of Wheeling, Va.,” October 17, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Wide Awakes at Washington,” October 19, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Grace Bedell, October 19, 1860
    John Hays to Charles Francis Himes, October 19, 1860
    David Hunter to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1860
    David Wilmot to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1860
    New York Herald, “American Sensations During 1860,” October 21, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, "John Sherman, the Abolitionist, Proposes Three Cheers for Douglas," October 24, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Fear of Insurrection,” October 24, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Demonstration on Tuesday Night,” October 25, 1860
    New York Times, “The Disunion Plot at Washington,” October 26, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to David Hunter, October 26, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Plot of the Desperadoes,” October 27, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Illinois Sure for Douglas,” October 27, 1860
    New York Herald, “Helper and His Black Republican Endorsers,” October 28, 1860
    Edward Mattson to Abraham Lincoln, October 29, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Union at the South," October 29, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Wide Awakes a Minute Men!," October 31, 1860
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Look Out for Illegal Votes!," November 1, 1860
    New York Times, "Douglas Out of the Canvass," November 3, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Don't Care,” November 3, 1860
    New York Herald, “The New York Herald and the Disunion Question,” November 4, 1860
    New York Times, "The Republicans and Slavery," November 5, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Register, "Look Out, Douglas Men," November 6, 1860
    New York Herald, “Down With the Helper Treason,” November 6, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, "Pro-Slavery Tricks," November 6, 1860
    Boston (MA) Advertiser, "Read Your Ballot," November 6, 1860
    New York Times, "The Administration and Disunion," November 7, 1860
    New York Herald, “Who are the Cooks in Pennsylvania?,” November 8, 1860
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Conservative Sentiments,” November 8, 1860
    New York Times, "From the Home of Mr. Lincoln," November 8, 1860
    Boston (MA) Advertiser, "How Mr. Lincoln Voted," November 8, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “Remarkable Unanimity,” November 9, 1860
    Newark (OH) Advocate, "Lincoln's Administration," November 9, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “John C. Breckinridge,” November 10, 1860
    William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 10, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Disunion Flurry," November 10, 1860
    John P. Sanderson to David Davis, November 12, 1860
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “A Bugle Blast from Washington,” November 13, 1860
    Charles Billinghurst to Abraham Lincoln, November 14, 1860
    Raleigh (NC) Standard, "Untitled," November 14, 1860
    Varina Anne Banks Howell Davis to Jefferson Finis Davis, November 15, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, "An Honest Confession," November 17, 1860
    New York Herald, “Douglas on Lincoln,” November 18, 1860
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Bad State of Affairs,” November 22, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Will They Do It?,” November 22, 1860
    John Sherman to William Tecumseh Sherman, November 26, 1860
    William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 23, 1860
    New York Herald, “Untitled,” November 23, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Secession Cadets,” November 26, 1860
    New York Times, “Political Assassination,” November 29, 1860
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Brooks and Sumner,” December 6, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln, Certified Transcript of Passage from the House Divided Speech, December 7, 1860
    New York Herald, “Vermont Negroes and Wool,” December 8, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Prime Cause," December 8, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Crisis and Its Solution,” December 10, 1860
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “British Views of Secession,” December 14, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to John A. Gilmer, December 15, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What the South Intends to do on the Fourth of March,” December 15, 1860
    Abraham Lincoln to Henry J. Raymond, December 18, 1860
    New York Times,“A Visit to Mr. Lincoln,” December 20, 1860
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Presidential Election Without A Parallel,” December 22, 1860
    Anonymous to Abraham Lincoln, January 1, 1861
    John P. Verree to Abraham Lincoln, January 1, 1861
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Letter From Virginia,” January 2, 1861
    Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Forgeone Conclusion,” January 3, 1861
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Driven From Kentucky,” January 10, 1861
    (Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Mr. Lincoln A Black Man,” January 19, 1861
    Abraham Lincoln, Farewell Address to Springfield, Illinois, February 11, 1861
    Louisville (KY) Journal, “Mr. Lincoln’s Speeches,” February 14, 1861
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Mr. Lincoln’s Indianapolis Speech,” February 19, 1861
    Abraham Lincoln, Address to the New Jersey Senate, Trenton, New Jersey, February 21, 1861
    New York Times, “The Plot Against Mr. Lincoln’s Life,” March 4, 1861
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "4th of March," March 4, 1861
    Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861, Washington, DC
    New York Times, “Reception of the Inaugural,” March 5, 1861
    New York Herald, “The Republican Party and their Professions for the Poor,” March 31, 1861
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, “A Cheat at the Board,” April 6, 1861
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Good Bye, John Bell,” May 2, 1861
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “One of the Volunteers,” May 23, 1861
    Charles B. Calvert to Abraham Lincoln, July 10, 1861
    Raleigh (NC) Register, “Arrest of a Traitor,” August 14, 1861
    Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Resignation of Secretary Cameron,” January 14, 1862
    Recollection by Frederick Douglass, Inauguration of President Lincoln, March 4,1865, Washington, D.C.
    Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” July 1865
    Johnson to William H. Herndon, 1865-66
    - John G. Nicolay's conversation with James Moorhead, May 12-13, 1880
    Chicago Style Entry Link
    Barney, William L. The Secessionist Impulse: Alabama and Mississippi in 1860. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974. View Record
    Crofts, Daniel W. Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. View Record
    Desmond, Jerry R. "Maine and the Elections of 1860." New England Quarterly 67, no. 3 (1994): 455. View Record
    DiNunzio, Mario R. “Lyman Trumbull and the Making of a President, 1860.” Lincoln Herald 75, no. 1 (1972): 11-17. View Record
    Donald, David Herbert. "1860: The Road Not Taken." Smithsonian 35, no. 7 (October 2004): 54-56. View Record
    Ecelbarger, Gary. “Before Cooper Union: Abraham Lincoln’s 1859 Cincinnati Speech and Its Impact on His Nomination.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 30, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 1-17. View Record
    Freehling, William W. The Road to Disunion. Vol. 2, Secessionists Triumphant, 1854-1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. View Record
    Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. View Record
    Green, Don. "Constitutional Unionists: The Party that Tried to Stop Lincoln and Save the Union." Historian 69, no. 2 (2007): 231-253. View Record
    Harris, William C. Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2007. View Record
    Helper, Hinton Rowan. Compendium of the Impending Crisis of the South. New York: A. B. Burdick, 1860. View Record
    Hickey, James T. "Oglesby's Fence Rail Dealings and the 1860 Decatur Convention." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 54 (1961): 5-24. View Record
    Hitchcock, William S. "The Limits of Southern Unionism: Virginia Conservatives and the Gubernatorial Election of 1859." Journal of Southern History 47, no 1 (1981): 57-72. View Record
    Holzer, Harold. "The Bearding of the President, 1860: The Portraitists put on Hairs." Lincoln Herald 78, no. 3 (1976): 95-101. View Record
    Holzer, Harold. Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech that made Abraham Lincoln President. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004. View Record
    Holzer, Harold. Lincoln President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. View Record
    Hubbell, John T. "The Douglas Democrats and the Election of 1860." Mid-America 55, no. 2 (1973): 108-133. View Record
    Hunt, H. Draper. “President Lincoln’s First Vice: Hannibal Hamlin of Maine.” Lincoln Herald 88, no. 4 (Winter 1986): 137-44. View Record
    Hunt, H. Draper. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine: Lincoln's First Vice-President. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1969. View Record
    Johannsen, Robert W. "Stephen A. Douglas and the South." Journal of Southern History 33, no. 1 (February 1967): 26-50. View Record
    Johannsen, Robert W. "Stephen A. Douglas' New England Campaign, 1860." New England Quarterly 35, no. 2 (June 1962): 162-186. View Record
    Johannsen, Robert Walter. Lincoln and the South in 1860. Fort Wayne, IN: Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum, 1989. View Record
    Kelly, Jack. “John J. Crittenden and the Constitutional Union Party.” Filson Club History Quarterly 48 (July 1974): 265-276. View Record
    Klein, Maury. Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. View Record
    Lowell, James Russell. "The Election in November." The Atlantic Monthly 6, no. 36 (October 1860): 492-502. View Record
    Maddox, Robert Franklin. "The Presidential Election of 1860 in Western Virginia." West Virginia History 25, no. 3 (1964): 211-227. View Record
    Mering, John V. "Allies Or Opponents? The Douglas Democrats and the Constitutional Unionists." Southern Studies 23, no. 4 (1984): 376-385. View Record
    Mering, John V. "The Slave-State Constitutional Unionists and the Politics of Consensus." Journal of Southern History 43, no. 3 (1977): 395-410. View Record
    Morris, Roy. The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America. New York: Smithsonian Books, 2008. View Record
    Neely, Mark E. The Boundaries of American Political Culture in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. View Record
    Plummer, Mark. "Lincoln and the Rail-Splitter Election." Lincoln Herald 101, no. 3 (1999): 111-116. View Record
    Potter, David Morris. The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. Edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1976. View Record
    Reynolds, David S. "John Brown, the Election of Lincoln, and the Civil War." North & South 9, no. 1 (2006): 78-88. View Record
    Rozinek, Erika. "Trembling for the Nation: Illinois Women and the Election of 1860." Journal of Illinois History 5, no. 4 (2002): 309-324. View Record
    Stampp, Kenneth M. And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis, 1860-1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950. View Record
    Towers, Frank. "Violence as a Tool of Party Dominance: Election Riots and the Baltimore Know-Nothings, 1854-1860." Maryland Historical Magazine 93, no. 1 (1998): 4-37. View Record
    Venable, Austin L. "The Conflict Between the Douglas and Yancey Forces in the Charleston Convention." Journal of Southern History 8, no. 2 (1942): 226-241. View Record
    How to Cite This Page: "Election of 1860," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/9604.