Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a metaphor first used by antislavery advocates in the 1840s to describe the increasingly organized and aggressive efforts to help slaves escape from bondage. The fight over fugitive slaves then became one of the primary causes of the Civil War. (By Matthew Pinsker)
    Date Event
    The McClintock Riot takes place in Carlisle, Pennsylvania
    The McClintock Riot trial is held in Carlisle, Pennsylvania
    Four slaves run away from Edward Gorsuch's plantation in Maryland
    Tubman returns to Maryland to rescue her niece
    Mob frees fugitive Shadrach Minkins after his arrest in Boston
    Gap Gang in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, kidnaps older black resident
    Spy informs Edward Gorsuch about location of his runaway slaves
    Edward Gorsuch arrives in Philadelphia seeking warrants for his runaways
    Commissioner Ingraham grants warrants for Gorsuch slaves and appoints Kline to head posse
    Vigilance agent follows Gorsuch posse
    Gorsuch posse breaks apart over fears about Vigilance Committee spying
    - Returning to Dorchester County again, Tubman attempts to bring her brothers to freedom
    Robert Brown, a fugitive slave from Virginia, arrives in Philadelphia after crossing Potomac on horseback
    New York Times reports on runaway slave in Kansas
    Runaway slaves pass through Albany, NY with help from local officials
    Runaway slave receives congratulations at State Capitol building in Albany, NY
    Runaway slave named Richard arrives in Philadelphia after escaping from naval officer
    A group of eight slaves from Maryland arrive safely in Canada
    - Harriet Tubman brings her parents to Canada
    A fugitive named Addison nearly kills slave-catchers while running in Illinois
    John Kintzing Kane, the U.S. District Judge who ruled against Passmore Williamson in the Jane Johnson case, dies in Philadelphia
    Fugitive slave John Price arrested in Oberlin, Ohio but freed by a anti-slavery mob in nearby Wellington
    Mary Brown arrives at James Miller McKim's home in Philadelphia
    Porter on steamship sentenced to death in South Carolina for helping escaped slave stow away
    In Virginia, Richmond police raid secret meeting of African-American group called "The Sons of Ham"
    Leading a crowd in Troy, New York, Harriet Tubman rescues runaway Charles Nalle
    - Two South Carolina slaves stow away aboard Boston bound steamer; one escapes, one does not
    African-American slave defects with his Confederate dispatch boat from Charleston Harbor
    Maryland slaveholders meet President Lincoln to complain about non-enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act
    George Luther Stearns, leading abolitionist and member of "the Secret Six' dies of pneumonia in New York City.
    William Still publishes his records
    James Miller McKim dies in his New Jersey home
    Date Title
    Rutherford Family (1845)
    Entry by John McClintock, June 2, 1847
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "Negro Stealing," December 14, 1847
    New York Herald, "The Fugitive Slave," December 30, 1847
    Mary B. Thomas to William Still, April 19, 1848
    Carlisle (PA) Herald & Expositor, "Interesting Slave Case," November 29, 1848
    (Bellows Falls) Vermont Chronicle, “Interesting Case,” December 6, 1848
    Boston (MA) Herald, “The Fugitive Slaves from Georgia,” January 27, 1849
    William Still Recalls "Box" Brown's Escape
    Boston (MA) Courier, “Runaway Slave Decision,” June 25, 1849
    Carlisle (PA) Herald, "In the Surpreme Court of Penn'a," June 27, 1849
    Boston (MA) Emancipator & Republican, “Important Decision,” June 28, 1849
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "More Runaway Slaves," January 10, 1850
    New York Herald, "A Nest of Runaway Slaves Captured by Pennsylvanians," August 11, 1850
    Seth Concklin to William Still, February 3, 1851
    Seth Concklin to William Still, February 18, 1851
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, March 31, 1851
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, April 1, 1851
    Levi Coffin to William Still, April 10, 1851
    Miss Theodocia Gilbert to William Still, May 1, 1851
    Boston (MA) Herald, “Satisfied with his Condition,” May 1, 1851
    Levi Coffin to William Still, May 11, 1851
    B. McKiernon to William Still, August 6, 1851
    William Still to B. McKiernon, August 16, 1851
    William Padgett to Edward Gorsuch, August 28, 1851
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Difference between a Free Negro and a Fugitive Slave," October 7, 1851
    New York Times, "An Abolitionist Seen Aiding Fugitive Slaves to Escape," October 9, 1851
    Rochester (NY) Frederick Douglass’ Paper, “Report,” March 4, 1852
    New York Times, “More Fugitive Slaves,” May 14, 1852
    Boston (MA) Herald, “Fugitive Slave Case,” May 18, 1852
    New York Times, “Arrest and Rescue of Fugitive Slaves,” October 22, 1852
    New York Times, "Runaway Slave Found," October 28, 1852
    New York Times, “Attempted Arrest of Fugitive Slaves,” November 8, 1852
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "Underground Railroad," November 19, 1852
    New York Times, "Runaway Slaves," November 26, 1852
    New York Times, “Louisiana Legislature,” December 11, 1852
    John Henry Hill to William Still, 1853
    Philadelphia Vigilance Committee Journal, April 3, 1853
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad," April 26, 1853
    John Henry Hill to William Still, October 4, 1853
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad," October 24, 1853
    John Henry Hill to William Still, October 30, 1853
    John Henry Hill to Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, November 1, 1853
    John Henry Hill to William Still, November 12, 1853
    Boston (MA) Herald, “A Stampede,” November 15, 1853
    John Henry Hill to William Still, December 29, 1853
    John Henry Hill to William Still, January 19, 1854
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "Freight on the Underground Railroad," January 21, 1854
    Solomon Brown to William Still, February 20, 1854
    Issac Forman to William Still, February 20, 1854
    John Clayton to William Still, March 6, 1854
    John Henry Hill to William Still, March 8, 1854
    James M. Mercer to William Still, March 17, 1854
    John Henry Hill to William Still, March 18, 1854
    Boston (MA) Herald, “Fugitives,” March 20, 1854
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "Underground Operations," April 29, 1854
    Issac Forman to William Still, May 7, 1854
    William Henry Gilliam to William Still, May 15, 1854
    New York Herald, "The Boston Fugitive Case," June 3, 1854
    William Henry Gilliam to William Still, June 8, 1854
    New York Times, "The Nebraska Bill in Indiana," June 16, 1854
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Northern Springs," June 20, 1854
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, June 22, 1854
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, June 27, 1854
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, "An Abolitionist in Trouble," July 20, 1854
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, July 24, 1854
    Frances Watkins Harper to William Still, August 1, 1854
    W. H. Atkins to William Still, August 4, 1854
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Starving Fugitive Slaves in Canada," August 11, 1854
    John Atkinson to William Still, September 4, 1854
    John Henry Hill to William Still, September 14, 1854
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, October 3, 1854
    John Atkinson to William Still, October 5, 1854
    W. H. Atkins to William Still, October 5, 1854
    Ellen Saunders to William Still, October 16, 1854
    Frances Watkins Harper to William Still, October 20, 1854
    New York Herald, “A Singular Slave Case in Indiana,” December 18, 1854
    Thomas Garrett to James Miller McKim, December 29, 1854
    Samuel W. Johnson to William Still, 1855
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, January 1, 1855
    John Henry Hill to William Still, January 7, 1855
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, January 25, 1855
    J. B. Smith to William Still, January 25, 1855
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Underground Railroad," January 26, 1855
    Sheridan Ford to William Still, February 15, 1855
    Emma Brown to William Still, March 14, 1855
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, March 25, 1855
    Joseph Robinson to William Still, April 16, 1855
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "Escape of Slaves," April 20, 1855
    Albert Metter to William Still, June 1, 1855
    Thomas Bayne to William Still, June 23, 1855
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, June 28, 1855
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, July 2, 1855
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, July 6, 1855
    Boston (MA) Herald, "Workings of the Underground Railroad," July 25, 1855
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, August 1, 1855
    Boston (MA) Liberator, “The Philadelphia Slave Case,” August 17, 1855
    S. H. Gay to William Still, August 17, 1855
    Samuel Miles to William Still, August 20, 1855
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, August 20, 1855
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, September 1, 1855
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, September 9, 1855
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, September 9, 1855
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "Untitled," September 29, 1855
    Boston (MA) Herald, "The Fugitive Slave Case," October 10, 1855
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, October 12, 1855
    Frances Hilliard to William Still, October 15, 1855
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Late Tragedy," October 16, 1855
    Miss. G. A. Lewis to William Still, October 28, 1855
    Miss. G. A. Lewis to William Still, October 29, 1855
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "The U.G.R.R.," November 1, 1855
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad," November 7, 1855
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, November 10, 1855
    Henry Washington to William Still, November 12, 1855
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, "Arrest of Judge Kane," November 20, 1855
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 21, 1855
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, November 26, 1855
    Elijah Funk Pennypacker to William Still, November 29, 1855
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "Runaways Returned," November 29, 1855
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Return of Fugitives," December 5, 1855
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad," December 6, 1855
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, December 19, 1855
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, December 26, 1855
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, December 26, 1855
    Mrs. Brittion to William Still, January 22, 1856
    Hezekiah Hill to William Still, January 24, 1856
    Agnes Willis to William Still, January 28, 1856
    New York Herald, "Threatened Civil War Between Virginia and Pennsylvania," January 31, 1856
    Anthony and Albert Brown to William Still, March 7, 1856
    New York Herald, “Law to Protect Slave Property in Virginia,” March 22, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, March 23, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, March 23, 1856
    Joseph C. Bustill to William Still, March 24, 1856
    John Hall to William Still, March 25, 1856
    Frances Watkins Harper to William Still, March 31, 1856
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, April 3, 1856
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, April 23, 1856
    Joseph C. Bustill to William Still, April 28, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to James Miller McKim and William Still, May 11, 1856
    Joseph C. Bustill to William Still, May 31, 1856
    Harriet Eglin to William Still, June 1, 1856
    James H. Forman to William Still, June 5, 1856
    Anthony Brown to William Still, June 26, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, July 19, 1856
    James H. Forman to William Still, July 24, 1856
    New York Herald, "Our Boston Correspondance," July 26, 1856
    New York Herald, "Breakdown on the Underground Railroad," July 26, 1856
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, July 30, 1856
    Harriet Eglin to William Still, July 31, 1856
    New Orleans (LA) Picayune, "Runaways in Canada," August 9, 1856
    Robert Jones to William Still, August 9, 1856
    Daniel Robertson to William Still, August 11, 1856
    John Henry Hill to William Still, August 15, 1856
    N. Coryell to William Still, August 18, 1856
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "Slave Stampede," August 22, 1856
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Underground Railroad," August 25, 1856
    Frances Watkins Harper to William Still, September 12, 1856
    John Hall to William Still, September 15, 1856
    John Henry Hill to William Still, September 15, 1856
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, September 15, 1856
    Henry James Morris to William Still, September 18, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, September 26, 1856
    Jefferson Pipkins to William Still, September 28, 1856
    Mr. N. Coryell to William Still, September 29, 1856
    John Hall to William Still, September 29, 1856
    Jermain Wesley Loguen to William Still, October 5, 1856
    Harriet Eglin to William Still, October 28, 1856
    Boston (MA) Herald, "Untitled," October 31, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to James Miller McKim and William Still, November 4, 1856
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 6, 1856
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, December 9, 1856
    L. D. Mansfield to William Still, December 15, 1856
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, December 18, 1856
    John Hall to William Still, December 23, 1856
    Frances Watkins Harper to William Still, January 1, 1857
    William Jones to William Still, January 1, 1857
    Mr. N. Coryell to William Still, January 2, 1857
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "A Case in Point," January 3, 1857
    John Henry Hill to William Still, January 5, 1857
    John Thompson to William Still, January 6, 1857
    New York Times, "Return of a Fugitive Slave," January 19, 1857
    Thomas F. Page to William Still, February 25, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to Samuel Rhoads, March 13, 1857
    William Brinkly to William Still, March 23, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, March 27, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, April 1, 1857
    James Massey to Henrietta Massey, April 27, 1857
    Lewis Cobb to William Still, April 25, 1857
    J. W. C. Pennington to William Still, May 24, 1854
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Fate and the Folly of Compromises," May 25, 1857
    G. S. Nelson to William Still, May 27, 1857
    C. L. Groce to Luke, May 28, 1857
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad to Canada," May 29, 1857
    New York Herald, “The Late Abolition Revolutionary Proceedings in Ohio,” May 31, 1857
    Lewis Cobb to William Still, June 2, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, June 9, 1857
    New York Times, "Fugitive Slaves Arrested in Cincinnati," June 15, 1857
    Agnes Willis to William Still, June 15, 1857
    Perry H. Trusty to William Still, June 21, 1857
    E. L. Stevens to William Still, July 8, 1857
    Jacob Bigelow (William Penn) to William Still, July 12, 1857
    E. L. Stevens to William Still, July 13, 1857
    Richard Edons to William Still, July 20, 1857
    New York Times, “A Woman Fleeing from Slavery with her Children Arrested,” July 24, 1857
    Elijah Hilton to William Still, July 28, 1857
    Manual T. White to William Still, July 29, 1857
    New York Times, “A Negro Assailing a White Man,” August 10, 1857
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, August 12, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, September 6, 1857
    Earro Weems to William Still, September 19, 1857
    John Augusta to William Still, October 18, 1857
    John Delaney (Oscar Ball) to William Still, October 25, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, October 31, 1857
    John H. Dade to William Still, November 1, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 5, 1857
    Miss G. A. Lewis to William Still, November 6, 1857
    Elijah Funk Pennypacker to William Still, November 7, 1857
    Joseph Ball to William Still, November 7, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 14, 1857
    Samuel Pattison to L. W. Thompson, November 16, 1857
    John Delaney (Oscar Ball) to William Still, November 21, 1857
    Washington (DC) National Era, “Colored Population of Canada,” November 26, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 25, 1857
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, November 25, 1857
    New York Times, “Fugitive Slave Case at Ann Arbor, Mich,” December 4, 1857
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Runaway Slave in Brooklyn, N.Y.,” December 9, 1857
    New York Times, “Escape of Negroes,” December 12, 1857
    William Brady to William Still, December 17, 1857
    New York Herald, "The Kansas Trouble in Congress," January 3, 1858
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, February 5, 1858
    Abigail Goodwin to William Still, February 10, 1858
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Runaway Negros," February 15, 1858
    Edmund Turner to Slaveholders, March 1, 1858
    Edmund Turner to William Still, March 1, 1858
    N. R. Johnston to William Still, April 3, 1858
    Boston (MA) Herald, "Rescue of a Slave from the U.S. Marshal at Blairsville, PA," April 9, 1858
    Hiram Wilson and Orlando J. Hunt to William Still, May 6, 1858
    Louisa F. Jones to William Still, May 15, 1858
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, "The Underground Railroad," June 1, 1858
    John Henry Hill to William Still, June 5, 1858
    William Cooper to William Still, June 9, 1858
    Nat Ambie to William Still, June 10, 1858
    Anonymous to William Still, June 13, 1858
    Louisville (KY) Journal, "The U.G. Railroad," June 22, 1858
    Edmund Turner to William Still, June 22, 1858
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Change of Sentiment,” July 9, 1858
    Ezra L. Stevens to William Still, July 11, 1858
    George Ballard to William Still, July 19, 1858
    New York Herald, "The Late Meeting of Maryland Slaveholders," July 23, 1858
    John B. Woods to William Still, August 15, 1858
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, August 21, 1858
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, August 25, 1858
    Boston (MA) Liberator, “Underground Railroad,” August 27, 1858
    Thomas Garrett to William Still and James Miller McKim, September 6, 1858
    Thomas F. Page to William Still, October 6, 1858
    Boston (MA) Liberator, “The Underground Railroad,” October 8, 1858
    Israel Whitney to William Still, October 16, 1858
    Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Stampede of Slaves and a Battle,” November 12, 1858
    Thomas Garrett to William Still and James Miller McKim, November 21, 1858
    Hiram Wilson to William Still, November 30, 1858
    Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Sentence of a Slave Abductor,” December 2, 1858
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Rescuing a Fugitive Slave,” December 14, 1858
    Jacob Blockson to William Still, December 26, 1858
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Runaway Slave from Georgia Captured,” January 3, 1859
    New York Times, "A Phase of Slavery," January 13, 1859
    New York Herald, "A Kentucky Planter Selling His Daughter," January 14, 1859
    New York Herald, “Another Grand Scheme of Annexation,” January 22, 1859
    Lewis Burrell to William Still, February 2, 1859
    - New York Times, "May A Negro Go To College?," February 10, 1859
    New York Times, “The Fugitive Slave Law,” March 4, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Manumission of a Whole Drove of Slaves,” March 5, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Slave Stealing in Missouri," March 8, 1859
    Louisville (KY) Journal, “‘U. G.’ Railroad Statistics,” March 14, 1859
    New York Times, "The Underground Railroad," March 28, 1859
    Boston (MA) Liberator, “‘Old Brown’s’ Company of Rescued Slaves Burnt Out,” April 8, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Correspondence of the Mercury," April 15, 1859
    Ripley (OH) Bee, “Negroes in Canada,” April 23, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Fugitive Slave Returned to Florida,” May 18, 1859
    (Jackson) Mississippian, “A Desperate Runaway Negro,” May 31, 1859
    New York Times, “The Hyannis Fugitive Slave Case,” June 4, 1859
    John Hays to Charles Francis Himes, June 20, 1859
    New York Times, “The Underground Railroad in Orange County,” July 1, 1859
    New York Herald, "The Underground Railroad," August 14, 1859
    New York Herald,“Attempt of a Slave to Escape,” August 20, 1859
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, August 25, 1859
    Boston (MA) Liberator, “Meetings in Boston,” August 26, 1859
    Stepney Brown to William Still, August 27, 1859
    John Scott to William Still, September 1, 1859
    New Orleans (LA) Picayune, "Monthly Passes to Negros," October 22, 1859
    New York Herald, "Runaway Slaves in Canada," November 1, 1859
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "They Have Overdone It!," November 2, 1859
    William Donar to William Still, November 3, 1859
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "The Underground Railroad," November 3, 1859
    Fayetteville (NC) Observer,“Another Ray of Light,” November 7, 1859
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "Harper's Ferry Trouble," November 10, 1859
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “Crime Among Fugitive Negroes,” November 18, 1859
    Mrs. M. Brooks to William Still, November 21, 1859
    New York Herald, “The South and Southern Safety,” December 4, 1859
    Charleston (SC) Courier, “The Hyannis Case,” December 15, 1859
    Mrs. M. Brooks to William Still, January 2, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Runaway Slaves,” January 5, 1860
    New York Herald, "The Underground Railroad and Its Victims," January 5, 1860
    Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “The Underground Railroad,” January 7, 1860
    New York Herald, "Effect of our Account of The Fugitive Slaves in Canada," January 13, 1860
    New York Herald, "The Maryland Legislature and the Underground Railroad," January 19, 1860
    New York Herald, “Trouble Among the Canadian Negroes,” January 20, 1860
    Boston (MA) Herald, “A Conflict of the Races in Canada,” January 23, 1860
    Savannah (GA) News,“The Negro Riots in Canada,” January 30, 1860
    Savannah (GA) News, “The Underground Railroad,” February 3, 1860
    New York Herald, “A Competent Witness in the John Brown Investigation,” February 5, 1860
    New York Herald, "The Colored Refugees in Canada," February 6, 1860
    Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "Negro Excitement in Newburgh," March 1, 1860
    Stepney Brown to William Still, March 3, 1860
    John William Dungy to William Still, March 3, 1860
    New York Times, "Senator Brown on International Law," March 8, 1860
    Anna H. Richardson to William Still, March 16, 1860
    John William Dungy to William Still, April 20, 1860
    New York Herald, "A Mishap on the Underground Railroad," April 21, 1860
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Slave Rescued,” April 28, 1860
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "Depot of the Underground Railroad in Detroit," May 2, 1860
    Anna H. Richardson to William Still, May 3, 1860
    John W. Jones to William Still, June 6, 1860
    Boston (MA) Herald, “A Fugitive,” June 7, 1857
    Anna H. Richardson to William Still, June 8, 1860
    Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Another Case,” July 11, 1860
    Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Terrors of Submission," October 11, 1860
    New York Herald , "Vindication of the Fugitive Slave Law in Ottawa," October 13, 1860
    Ham & Eggs to William Still, October 17, 1860
    A Slave to William Still, October 18, 1860
    Stepney Brown to William Still, October 25, 1860
    New York Herald, “The Meeting of Congress,” November 28, 1860
    Thomas Garrett to William Still, December 1, 1860
    New York Times, “The Toronto Fugitive Slave Case,” December 15, 1860
    John Thompson to William Still, December 21, 1860
    Anna H. Richardson to William Still, December 28, 1860
    John William Dungy to William Still, January 11, 1861
    Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Fugitive Case,” January 24, 1861
    C. A. to William Still, February 16, 1861
    Memphis (TN) Appeal, "The Underground Railroad," April 9, 1861
    Hiram Corson to Robert Corson, November 1, 1871
    John Hunn to William Still, November 7, 1871
    William Whipper to William Still, December 4, 1871
    Daniel Bonsall to William Still, 1872
    Chicago Style Entry Link
    Whitman, T. Stephen. " ‘Just Over the Line’: Chester County and the Underground Railroad." Journal of American History 90, no. 1 (June 2003): 179-183.
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    Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident: A Novel. New York: Harper & Row, 1981.

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    Buckmaster, Henrietta. Let My People Go: The Story of the Underground Railroad and the Growth of the Abolition Movement. Boston: Beacon Press, 1959.

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    Klees, Emerson. Underground Railroad Tales: With Routes through the Finger Lakes Region. Rochester, NY: Friends of the Finger Lakes Pub, 1997.

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    Zygmunt, Elizabeth. "Region's Underground Railroad History Revived." Northeast Pennsylvania Business Journal 20, no. 4 (March 1, 2005): 29.

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    Adams, Samuel Hopkins. "Slave in the Family." The New Yorker 23 (December 1947): 32-36. View Record
    Baker, Eric. "A Yankee Lieutenant Rides the Underground Railroad." Military Images 15, no. 4 (1994): 12-15. View Record
    Bayliss, John F. Black Slave Narratives. New York: Macmillan, 1970. View Record
    Bentley, Judith. Dear Friend: Thomas Garrett & William Still, Collaborators on the Underground Railroad. New York: Cobblehill Books, 1997. View Record
    Blight, David W. Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books in Association with the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, 2004. View Record
    Blockson, Charles L. African Americans in Pennsylvania: Above Ground and Underground: An Illustrated Guide. Harrisburg, PA: RB Books, 2001. View Record
    Blockson, Charles L. Hippocrene Guide to the Underground Railroad. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994. View Record
    Blockson, Charles L. The Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. Jacksonville, NC: Flame International, 1981. View Record
    Blockson, Charles L. The Underground Railroad: Dramatic Firsthand Accounts of Daring Escapes to Freedom. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1987. View Record
    Blockson, Charles L. The Underground Railroad. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1987. View Record
    Boone, William A. "The Tracks Lead South: An Underground Railroad from Texas into Mexico." Journal of Big Bend Studies 15 (2003): 69-82. View Record
    Bordewich, Fergus M. "Digging into a Historic Rivalry: Abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens Has Long Been Eclipsed by His Pennsylvania Neighbor President James Buchanan, but Recent Archaeological Findings Are Elevating the Reputation of the Architect of Reconstruction." Smithsonian 34, no. 11 (2004): 96-107. View Record
    Bordewich, Fergus M. "Free at Last." Smithsonian 35, no. 9 (2004): 64-71. View Record
    Bracey, John H., August Meier, and Elliott M. Rudwick. Blacks in the Abolitionist Movement. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1971. View Record
    Bradford, Sarah H. Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman. Auburn, NY: W.J. Moses, 1869. View Record
    Bramble, Linda. Black Fugitive Slaves in Early Canada. Vanwell History Project Series. St. Catharines, ON: Vanwell Pub. Co., 1988. View Record
    Brandt, Nat, and Yanna Brandt. In the Shadow of the Civil War: Passmore Williamson and the Rescue of Jane Johnson. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2007. View Record
    Brandt, Nat. The Town that Started the Civil War. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1990. View Record
    Brawley, Benjamin Griffith. Negro Builders and Heroes. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937. View Record
    Bridner, Elwood L., Jr. "The Fugitive Slaves of Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 66, no. 1 (1971): 33-50. View Record
    Brown, Henry "Box". Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. View Record
    Brown, Ira V. "Miller McKim and Pennsylvania Abolitionism." Pennsylvania History 30, no. 1 (1963): 56-72. View Record
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    How to Cite This Page: "Underground Railroad," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/9588.