Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present

SMITH, Abraham Herr, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Millersville, Manor Township, in Lancaster County, Pa., March 7, 1815; attended Professor Beck’s Academy at Lititz, Lancaster County, Pa.; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pa.; member of the State house of representatives in 1843 and 1844; served in the State senate in 1845; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Forty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful for renomination in 1884; resumed the practice of law; died in Lancaster, Pa., February 16, 1894; interment in Woodward Hill Cemetery.

LINCOLN, Abraham, a Representative from Illinois and 16th President of the United States; born in Hardin County, Ky., February 12, 1809; moved with his parents to a tract on Little Pigeon Creek, Ind., in 1816; attended a log-cabin school at short intervals and was self-instructed in elementary branches; moved with his father to Macon County, Ill., in 1830 and later to Coles County, Ill.; read the principles of law and works on surveying; during the Black Hawk War he volunteered in a company of Sangamon County Rifles organized April 21, 1832; was elected its captain and served until May 27, when the company was mustered out of service; reenlisted as a private and served until mustered out June 16, 1832; returned to New Salem, Ill., and was unsuccessful as a candidate for the State house of representatives; entered business as a general merchant in New Salem; postmaster of New Salem 1833-1836; deputy county surveyor 1834-1836; elected a member of the State house of representatives in 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840; declined to be a candidate for renomination; admitted to the bar in 1836; moved to Springfield, Ill., in 1837 and engaged in the practice of law; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); did not seek a renomination in 1848; an unsuccessful applicant for Commissioner of the General Land Office under President Taylor; tendered the Governorship of Oregon Territory, but declined; unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the United States Senate before the legislature of 1855; unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1858; elected as a Republican President of the United States in 1860; reelected in 1864 and served from March 4, 1861, until his death; shot by an assassin in Washington, D.C., April 14, 1865, and died the following day; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, April 19-21, 1865; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill.

AMES, Adelbert,  (father of Butler Ames and son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin Butler), a Senator from Mississippi; born in Rockland, Knox County, Maine, October 31, 1835; attended the common schools; graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1861; during the Civil War served with the Union Army from 1861 to 1865 as lieutenant, colonel, and brigadier general; breveted colonel; received the Congressional Medal of Honor for gallantry at the Battle of Bull Run; captain in the Fifth Artillery of the Regular Army 1864-1866; lieutenant colonel of the Twenty-fourth United States Infantry from 1866 until 1870, when he resigned; appointed Provisional Governor of Mississippi on March 15, 1868; appointed to the command of the fourth military district (Department of Mississippi) March 17, 1869; upon the readmission of the State of Mississippi to representation was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, and served from February 23, 1870, until January 10, 1874, when he resigned, having been elected Governor in 1873; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Fifty-third Congress); Governor of Mississippi from January 4, 1874, until March 29, 1876, when he resigned; moved to New York City and later to Lowell, Mass.; engaged in the flour business, with mills in Minnesota; also interested in various manufacturing industries in Lowell; was appointed brigadier general of Volunteers in the war with Spain 1898-1899; discontinued active business pursuits and lived in retirement in Lowell, Mass.; died at his winter home in Ormond, Fla., April 12, 1933; interment in Hildreth Cemetery, Lowell, Mass.

BROWN, Albert Gallatin, a Representative and a Senator from Mississippi; born in Chester District, S.C., May 31, 1813; moved with his parents to Copiah County, Miss., in 1823; attended Mississippi College, Clinton, Miss., and Jefferson College, Washington, Miss.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Gallatin, Miss.; member, State house of representatives 1835-1839; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1841); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1840; judge of the circuit superior court 1842-1843; Governor of Mississippi 1844-1848; elected to the Thirtieth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1853); chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-first Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1852; elected to the United States Senate in 1854 to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1853; reelected in 1859 and served from January 7, 1854, until January 12, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses), Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-sixth Congress); during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as a captain; elected a member of the Confederate Senate in 1862 and served in the First and Second Confederate Congresses; engaged in agricultural pursuits; died near Terry, Hinds County, Miss., June 12, 1880; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Miss.

JENKINS, Albert Gallatin, a Representative from Virginia; born in Cabell County, Va., November 10, 1830; was graduated from Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1848 and from Harvard Law School in 1850; was admitted to the bar in 1850, but engaged in agricultural pursuits; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in 1861; enlisted in the Confederate Army; appointed brigadier general August 1, 1862; wounded in the Battle of Cloyds Mountain, near Dublin, Va., May 9, 1864, and died May 21, 1864; interment in New Dublin Presbyterian Cemetery; reinterred after the close of the war at his home in Green Valley, near Huntington, W.Va.; again reinterred in the Confederate plot in Spring Hill Cemetery, Huntington, W.Va.

RUST, Albert, a Representative from Arkansas; was born in Virginia, birth date unknown; completed preparatory studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in El Dorado, Union County, Ark.; member of the State house of representatives 1842-1848 and 1852-1854; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; resumed the practice of his profession; died in El Dorado, Ark., April 3, 1870; interment in the Old Methodist Cemetery.

WILLIS, Albert Shelby, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Ky., January 22, 1843; attended the common schools, and was graduated from the Louisville (Ky.) Male High School in 1860; taught school four years; was graduated from the Louisville Law School in 1866; was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Louisville; prosecuting attorney for Jefferson County 1874-1877; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Rivers and Harbors (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; resumed the practice of law; appointed Minister to Hawaii by President Cleveland in 1893 and served until his death in Honolulu, Hawaii, January 6, 1897; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Ky.

CAMPBELL, Alexander, a Representative from Illinois; born on a farm near Concord, Franklin County, Pa., October 4, 1814; attended the public schools; became a clerk in an iron works and was subsequently promoted to superintendent, continuing in the business of managing iron works in Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Missouri until 1850, when he moved to La Salle, Ill., and became interested in the coal fields; mayor of La Salle in 1852 and 1853; member of the State house of representatives in 1858 and 1859; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1862; elected as an Independent to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1876 to the Forty-fifth Congress; retired from public life; died in La Salle, Ill., August 8, 1898; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

STEPHENS, Alexander Hamilton,  (great-great-uncle of Robert Grier Stephens, Jr.), a Representative from Georgia; born near Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Ga., on February 11, 1812; attended private and public schools; was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1832; taught school eighteen months; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Crawfordville in 1834; member of the State house of representatives 1836-1841; served in the State senate in 1842; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mark A. Cooper; reelected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth through Thirty-first Congresses, as a Unionist to the Thirty-second Congress, as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses and served from October 2, 1843, to March 3, 1859; chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirty-fifth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1858; member of the secession convention of Georgia in 1861, which elected him to the Confederate Congress, and was chosen by that Congress as Vice President of the provisional government; elected Vice President of the Confederacy; one of the commissioners representing the Confederacy at the Hampton Roads conference in February 1865; after the Civil War was imprisoned in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, for five months, until October 1865; elected to the United States Senate in 1866 by the first legislature convened under the new State constitution, but did not present his credentials, as the State had not been readmitted to representation; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ambrose R. Wright; reelected to the Forty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from December 1, 1873, until his resignation November 4, 1882; chairman, Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures (Forty-fourth through Forty-sixth Congresses); elected Governor of Georgia in 1882 and served until his death in Atlanta, Ga., March 4, 1883; interment in a vault in Oakland Cemetery; reinterment on his estate, “Liberty Hall,” near Crawfordville, Ga.

STUART, Alexander Hugh Holmes, (cousin of Archibald Stuart), a Representative from Virginia; born in Staunton, Va., April 2, 1807; attended Staunton Academy and the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.; was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1828; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Staunton; member of the State house of delegates 1836-1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; served as Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Fillmore from September 16, 1850, to March 6, 1853; member of the State senate 1857-1861; member of the State secession convention in 1861; delegate to the National Convention of Conservatives at Philadelphia in 1866; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-ninth Congress in 1865 but was not admitted; chairman of the committee of nine, which was instrumental in restoring Virginia to the Union in 1870; member of the State house of delegates from 1874 to 1877; rector of the University of Virginia from 1874 to 1882; president of the Virginia Historical Society; resumed the practice of law; died in Staunton, Va., February 13, 1891; interment in Thornrose Cemetery.

RAMSEY, Alexander, a Representative from Pennsylvania and a Senator from Minnesota; born near Harrisburg, Pa., September 8, 1815; attended the common schools and Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Harrisburg; secretary to the electoral college of Pennsylvania in 1840; clerk of the State house of representatives in 1841; elected from Pennsylvania as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1847); declined renomination in 1846; Territorial Governor of Minnesota 1849-1853; mayor of St. Paul 1855; unsuccessful candidate for election as governor of Minnesota in 1857; Governor of Minnesota 1860-1863; elected in 1863 as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1869 and served from March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1875; chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-ninth through Forty-third Congresses), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-ninth Congress); appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Rutherford Hayes 1879-1881; chairman of the Edmunds Commission, dealing with the question of Mormonism and polygamy in Utah 1882-1886, when he resigned; president of the Minnesota Historical Society 1849-1863, 1891-1903; delegate to the centennial celebration of the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1887; died in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., April 22, 1903; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

BOTELER, Alexander Robinson, a Representative from Virginia; born in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), May 16, 1815; was graduated from Princeton College in 1835; engaged in agriculture and literary pursuits; elected as the candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army and was a member of Stonewall Jackson’s staff; chosen by the State convention a Representative from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress November 19, 1861; elected from Virginia to the Confederate Congress, serving from February 1862 to February 1864; appointed a member of the Centennial Commission in 1876; appointed a member of the Tariff Commission by President Arthur and subsequently made pardon clerk in the Department of Justice by Attorney General Brewster; died in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, W.Va., May 8, 1892; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

ELY, Alfred, a Representative from New York; born in Lyme, New London County, Conn., February 15, 1815; attended the common schools and Bacon Academy at Colchester, Conn.; moved to Rochester, N.Y., in 1835; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Rochester; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on Invalid Pensions (Thirty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1862; while witnessing the Battle of Bull Run was taken a prisoner by the Confederates, and imprisoned in Richmond for nearly six months; resumed the practice of law; died in Rochester, N.Y., May 18, 1892; interment in the Ely vault in Mount Hope Cemetery.

IVERSON, Alfred, Sr., a Representative and a Senator from Georgia; born in Liberty County, Ga., December 3, 1798; attended private schools and graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1820; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Clinton, Jones County, Ga.; member, State house of representatives 1827-1830; moved to Columbus, Muscogee County, Ga., in 1830 and continued the practice of law; judge of the State superior court 1835-1837; member, State senate 1843-1844; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1844; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); again served as judge of the State superior court 1850-1854; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1855, to January 28, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Ga., until 1868, when he purchased a plantation in East Macon, Ga., and engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death there on March 4, 1873; interment in Linwood Cemetery, Columbus, Ga.

CAPERTON, Allen Taylor, (son of Hugh Caperton), a Senator from West Virginia; born near Union, Monroe County, Va. (now West Virginia), November 21, 1810; attended the public schools of Virginia and Huntsville, Ala., and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; graduated from Yale College in 1832; studied law in Staunton, Va.; admitted to the bar and practiced; member, Virginia house of delegates 1841-1842; member, State senate 1844-1848; delegate to the State constitutional conventions in 1850 and 1861; member, State house of delegates 1857-1861; elected by the legislature of Virginia a member of the Confederate States Senate and served until 1865; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate from West Virginia and served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Washington, D.C., July 26, 1876; interment in Green Hill Cemetery, Union, W.Va.

WILLIAMS, Alpheus Starkey, a Representative from Michigan; born in Saybrook, Middlesex County, Conn., September 20, 1810; was graduated from Yale College in 1831; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Detroit, Mich.; judge of probate 1840-1844; editor of the Detroit Daily Advertiser 1843-1847; served in the war with Mexico; commissioned lieutenant colonel of the First Michigan Infantry December 8, 1847; mustered out July 29, 1848; postmaster of Detroit 1849-1853; commissioned brigadier general of Michigan Volunteers April 24, 1861, and of United States Volunteers May 17, 1861; brevetted major general of Volunteers January 12, 1865; mustered out January 15, 1866; unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Michigan in 1866; Minister Resident to San Salvador 1866-1869; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses and served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Washington, D.C., December 21, 1878; chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Forty-fifth Congress); interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.

STANFORD, Leland, a Senator from California; born in Watervliet, N.Y., March 9, 1824; pursued an academic course; studied law; admitted to practice in 1848; moved to Port Washington, Wis., the same year and engaged in the practice of law; moved to California in 1852 and opened a general store for miners first in Cold Springs and then in 1855 moved to Sacramento and engaged in mercantile pursuits on a large scale; one of the ‘big four’ who built the Central Pacific Railroad, serving as its president in 1863; involved in several railroads in the West; founder of Leland Stanford Junior University; Governor of California 1861-1863; returned to private business; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1885; reelected in 1891 and served from March 4, 1885, until his death in Palo Alto, Calif., June 21, 1893; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fiftieth through Fifty-second Congresses); interment in a masoleum on the grounds of Stanford University.

BURNSIDE, Ambrose Everett, a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Liberty, Ind., May 23, 1824; attended a seminary at Liberty and Beach Grove Academy; graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1847; served in the Mexican and Indian wars; resigned in 1852 to manufacture a breech-loading rifle of his own invention; moved to Illinois, and was appointed treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1858; during the Civil War entered the Union Army in 1861 as colonel; commanded a brigade at the first Battle of Bull Run; commissioned brigadier general and major general and resigned in 1865; Governor of Rhode Island 1866-1868; during a visit to Europe in 1870 acted as mediator between the French and the Germans then at war; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1874; reelected in 1880 and served from March 4, 1875, until his death in Bristol, R.I., September 13, 1881; chairman, Committee on Education and Labor (Forty-fifth Congress), Committee on Foreign Relations (Forty-seventh Congress); interment in Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, R.I.

CURTIN, Andrew Gregg, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Bellefonte, Pa., April 22, 1817; pursued preparatory studies in Milton (Pa.) Academy, and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1837; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Bellefonte; presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1848 and in 1852; secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and superintendent of public instruction; Governor of Pennsylvania from January 15, 1861, to January 15, 1867; Minister to Russia 1869-1872; delegate to the constitutional convention of Pennsylvania; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Forty-eighth Congress), Committee on Banking and Currency (Forty-ninth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1886; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Bellefonte, Centre County, Pa., on October 7, 1894; interment in Union Cemetery.

JOHNSON, Andrew,  (father-in-law of David Trotter Patterson), a Representative and a Senator from Tennessee and a Vice President and 17th President of the United States; born in Raleigh, N.C., on December 29, 1808; self-educated; at the age of 13 was apprenticed to a tailor; moved to Tennessee in 1826; employed as a tailor; alderman of Greeneville, Tenn., 1828-1830; mayor of Greeneville 1834-1838; member, State house of representatives 1835-1837, 1839-1841; elected to the State senate in 1841; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1853); chairman, Committee on Public Expenditures (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses); did not seek renomination, having become a gubernatorial candidate; Governor of Tennessee 1853-1857; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from October 8, 1857, to March 4, 1862, when he resigned; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-sixth Congress); appointed by President Abraham Lincoln Military Governor of Tennessee in 1862; elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with Abraham Lincoln in 1864 and was inaugurated on March 4, 1865; became President of the United States on April 15, 1865, upon the death of Abraham Lincoln; wide differences arising between the President and the Congress, a resolution for his impeachment passed the House of Representatives on February 24, 1868; eleven articles were set out in the resolution and the trial before the Senate lasted three months, at the conclusion of which he was acquitted (May 26, 1868) by a vote of thirty-five for conviction to nineteen for acquittal, the necessary two-thirds vote for impeachment not having been obtained; retired to his home in Tennessee upon the expiration of the presidential term, March 3, 1869; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1869 and to the House of Representatives in 1872; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1875, until his death near Elizabethton, Carter County, Tenn., July 31, 1875; interment in the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery, Greeneville, Greene County, Tenn.

BUTLER, Andrew Pickens, (son of William Butler and uncle of Matthew Calbraith Butler), a Senator from South Carolina; born in Edgefield, S.C., November 18, 1796; attended Doctor Waddell’s Academy at Willington, Abbeville County, S.C., and graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1817; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1818 and practiced in Columbia, Edgefield, Lexington, Barnwell, and Newberry; member, State house of representatives; member, State senate 1824-1833; aide on the staff of the Governor 1824; appointed judge of the session court in 1833; judge of the State court of common pleas 1835-1846; appointed and subsequently elected as a States Rights Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George McDuffie; reelected in 1848 and again in 1854 as a Democrat and served from December 4, 1846, until his death near Edgefield, S.C., May 25, 1857; chairman, Committee on Judiciary (Thirtieth through Thirty-fifth Congress); interment in Big Creek Butler Churchyard, Edgefield, S.C.

BOREMAN, Arthur Inghram, a Senator from West Virginia; born in Waynesburg, Pa., July 24, 1823; moved to Virginia with his parents, who settled in Middlebourne, Tyler County, in 1827, and in Moundsville, Marshall County, in 1840; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Parkersburg; member, Virginia house of delegates 1855-1861; presided over the convention of supporters of the Union of the northwestern counties of Virginia held at Wheeling, June 19, 1861, to form the new State of West Virginia; elected judge of the circuit court, nineteenth circuit of Virginia 1861-1863; the first Governor of West Virginia 1863-1869, when he resigned to accept the nomination as United States Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1875; was not a candidate for reelection in 1874; chairman, Select Committee on the Removal of Political Disabilities (Forty-second Congress), Committee on Territories (Forty-third Congress); resumed the practice of law in Parkersburg, W.Va.; elected judge of the circuit court for the fifth judicial circuit of West Virginia in 1888 and served until his death in Parkersburg, Wood County, W.Va., April 19, 1896; interment in the Odd Fellows Cemetery.

DODGE, Augustus Caesar, (son of Henry Dodge, nephew of Lewis Fields Linn), a Delegate and a Senator from Iowa; born in Ste. Genevieve, Mo., January 2, 1812; self-educated; moved to Illinois in 1827, settled in Galena, and was employed there in various capacities in his father’s lead mines; served in the Black Hawk and other Indian wars; moved to Burlington, Iowa, in 1837, where he served as register of the land office 1838-1840; elected as a Democratic Delegate to the Twenty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the act of March 3, 1839; reelected to the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, and Twenty-ninth Congresses and served from October 28, 1840, to December 28, 1846, when the Territory of Iowa was admitted as a State into the Union; was then elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected in 1849, and served from December 7, 1848, to February 22, 1855, when he resigned to accept a diplomatic post; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses), Committee on Pensions (Thirty-first Congress), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-second Congress), Committee on Public Lands (Thirty-third Congress); appointed Minister to Spain 1855-1859; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Iowa in 1859; mayor of Burlington 1874-1875; withdrew from political activities and engaged in lecturing at pioneer gatherings; died in Burlington, Des Moines County, Iowa, November 20, 1883; interment in Aspen Grove Cemetery.

GARLAND, Augustus Hill, a Senator from Arkansas; born in Tipton County, Tenn., June 11, 1832; moved with his parents to Hempstead County, Ark., in 1833; attended St. Mary’s College and graduated from St. Joseph’s College in Kentucky in 1849; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Washington, Ark.; moved to Little Rock in 1856; Union delegate to the State convention that passed the ordinance of secession in 1861; member of the provisional congress that met in Montgomery, Ala., in May 1861 and subsequently of the Confederate Congress and served in both houses; elected to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1867, but was not permitted to take his seat, as Arkansas had not been readmitted to representation; Governor of Arkansas 1874-1876; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1876; reelected in 1883, and served from March 4, 1877, to March 6, 1885, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet post; chairman, Committee on Territories (Forty-sixth Congress); appointed Attorney General by President Grover Cleveland, and served 1885-1889; resumed the practice of law in Little Rock; died in Washington, D.C., January 26, 1899; interment in Mount Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, Ark.

BLAIR, Austin, a Representative from Michigan; born in Caroline, Tompkins County, N.Y., February 8, 1818; attended the common schools, Cazenovia Seminary, and Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y.; was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1837; studied law in Oswego; was admitted to the bar in Tioga County, N.Y., in 1841; moved to Michigan and settled in Eaton Rapids, where he commenced the practice of his profession in 1842; county clerk of Eaton County; moved to Jackson, Mich., in 1844; elected to the State house of representatives in 1845; delegate to the Free-Soil National Convention at Buffalo, N.Y., in 1848; elected prosecuting attorney of Jackson County in 1852; elected to the State senate in 1854; was present at the organization of the Republican Party in Jackson, Mich., on July 6, 1854, and was a member of the platform committee; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860; Governor of Michigan from January 1, 1861, to January 1, 1865; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1873); chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872, but was an unsuccessful Liberal Republican candidate for Governor; resumed the practice of law in Jackson, Mich., and died there August 6, 1894; interment in Mount Evergreen Cemetery.

FITZPATRICK, Benjamin, a Senator from Alabama; born in Greene County, Ga., June 30, 1802; orphaned, he was taken by his brother to Alabama in 1815; attended the public schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Montgomery, Ala.; solicitor of the Montgomery circuit 1822-1823; moved to his plantation in Autauga County in 1829 and engaged in planting; Governor of Alabama 1841-1845; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dixon H. Lewis and served from November 25, 1848, to November 30, 1849, when a successor was elected; again appointed and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William R. King and served from January 14, 1853, to March 3, 1855; chairman, Committee on Printing (Thirty-third Congress), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-third Congress); elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1855, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect and served from November 26, 1855, until January 21, 1861, when he withdrew; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses; nominated for Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket with Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, but declined; president of the constitutional convention of Alabama in 1865; died on his plantation near Wetumpka, Ala., November 21, 1869; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Montgomery, Ala.

BUTLER, Benjamin Franklin,  (grandfather of Butler Ames and father-in-law of Adelbert Ames), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Deerfield, N.H., November 5, 1818; moved with his mother to Lowell, Mass., in 1828; attended high school and Exeter Academy, and was graduated from Waterville College (now Colby College), Waterville, Maine, in 1838; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Lowell, Mass.; member of the State house of representatives in 1853; served in the State senate in 1859; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860; entered the Union Army April 17, 1861, as a brigadier general; promoted to major general May 16, 1861, and assigned to the command of Fort Monroe and the Department of Eastern Virginia; resigned November 30, 1865; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1875); chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws (Forty-second Congress), Committee on the Judiciary (Forty-third Congress); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1868 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson, President of the United States; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor in 1871 and 1872 and for reelection to the Forty-fourth Congress in 1874; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879); declined to be a candidate for renomination; unsuccessful candidate for Governor as an independent in 1878 and as a Democrat in 1879; elected Governor in 1882 by the combined efforts of the Greenback and Democratic Parties; unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States on the Greenback and Anti-Monopolist ticket in 1884; died while attending court in Washington, D.C., January 11, 1893; interment in Hildreth Cemetery, Lowell, Mass.

WADE, Benjamin Franklin,  (brother of Edward Wade), a Senator from Ohio; born in Feeding Hills, near Springfield, Hampden County, Mass., October 27, 1800; received his early education from his mother; moved with his parents to Andover, Ohio, in 1821; taught school; studied medicine in Albany, N.Y., 1823-1825; returned to Ohio; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Jefferson, Ashtabula County, Ohio; prosecuting attorney of Ashtabula County 1835-1837; member, State senate 1837-1838, 1841-1842; judge of the third judicial court of Ohio 1847-1851; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1851, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect; reelected as a Republican in 1856 and 1863 and served from March 15, 1851, to March 3, 1869; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1868; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses; chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, and Thirty-ninth Congresses); unsuccessful Republican candidate for the vice presidential nomination in 1868; resumed the practice of law in Jefferson, Ohio, in 1869; appointed a government director of the Union Pacific Railroad; member of the Santo Domingo Commission in 1871; died in Jefferson, Ashtabula County, Ohio, on March 2, 1878; interment in Oakdale Cemetery.

HILL, Benjamin Harvey, (cousin of Hugh Lawson White Hill), a Representative and a Senator from Georgia; born in Hillsborough, Jasper County, Ga., September 14, 1823; pursued classical studies and graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1844; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice in Lagrange, Troup County, Ga.; member, State house of representatives 1851; member, State senate 1859-1860; actively opposed disunion until the secession ordinance had been adopted; delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in 1861; senator in the Confederate Congress 1861-1865; arrested at the close of the Civil War and eventually paroled; resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative-elect Garnett McMillan; reelected to the Forty-fifth Congress and served from May 5, 1875, until his resignation, effective March 3, 1877; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1877, until his death in Atlanta, Ga., August 16, 1882; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expense (Forty-sixth Congress); interment in Oakland Cemetery.

BOYER, Benjamin Markley, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Pottstown, Montgomery County, Pa., January 22, 1823; attended the common schools, and was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1841; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1844 and practiced; deputy attorney general of Montgomery County 1848-1850; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1869); was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; appointed judge of Montgomery County Court in 1882 and served until his death in Norristown, Pa., August 16, 1887; interment in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.

TILLMAN, Benjamin Ryan, (brother of George Dionysius Tillman), a Senator from South Carolina; born near Trenton, Edgefield County, S.C., August 11, 1847; pursued an academic course; left school in 1864 to join the Confederate Army, but was stricken with a severe illness; engaged in agricultural pursuits; Governor of South Carolina 1890-1894; established Clemson College and Winthrop College while Governor; member of the State constitutional convention in 1895; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1894; reelected in 1901, 1907 and 1913 and served from March 4, 1895, until his death; censured by the Senate in 1902 after assaulting another Senator on the Senate floor; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Fifty-seventh through Fifty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses), Committee on Naval Affairs (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses); Tillman was known as “Pitchfork Ben” during his years in the Senate; died in Washington, D.C., July 3, 1918; interment in Ebenezer Cemetery, Trenton, S.C.

TURNER, Benjamin Sterling, a Representative from Alabama; born near Weldon, Halifax County, N.C., March 17, 1825; raised as a slave; received no early education; moved to Alabama in 1830 and by clandestine study obtained a fair education; engaged in mercantile pursuits; elected tax collector of Dallas County in 1867; councilman of the city of Selma in 1869; elected as a Republican to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880; engaged in agricultural pursuits in Alabama; died in Selma, Dallas County, Ala., March 21, 1894; interment in Live Oak Cemetery.

BRUCE, Blanche Kelso, a Senator from Mississippi; born in slavery near Farmville, Prince Edward County, Va., March 1, 1841; was tutored by his master’s son; left his master at the beginning of the Civil War; taught school in Hannibal, Mo.; after the war became a planter in Mississippi; member of the Mississippi Levee Board; sheriff and tax collector of Bolivar County 1872-1875; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1881; was the first African American to serve a full term in the United States Senate; appointed Register of the Treasury by President James Garfield 1881; recorder of deeds for the District of Columbia 1891-1893; again Register of the Treasury from 1897 until his death in Washington, D.C., on March 17, 1898; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

COOK, Burton Chauncey, a Representative from Illinois; born in Pittsford, Monroe County, N.Y., May 11, 1819; attended the Collegiate Institute, Rochester, N.Y.; studied law; in 1835 moved to Ottawa, Ill., where he commenced the practice of law in 1840; elected by the legislature in 1846 State’s attorney for the ninth judicial district for two years; reelected by the people in 1848 for four years; member of the State senate 1852-1860; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1864; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, to August 26, 1871, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Roads and Canals (Fortieth Congress), Committee on District of Columbia (Forty-first Congress); resumed the practice of his profession in Evanston, Cook County, Ill., and died there August 18, 1894; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.

SMITH, Caleb Blood, a Representative from Indiana; born in Boston, Mass., April 16, 1808; moved with his parents to Ohio in 1814; attended Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 1825-1826; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Connersville, Fayette County, Ind.; founded and edited the Indiana Sentinel in 1832; member of the State house of representatives 1833-1837, 1840, and 1841, and served as speaker in 1836; unsuccessful candidate for the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1841; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirtieth Congress); appointed by President Zachary Taylor a member of the board to investigate claims of American citizens against Mexico; moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, and practiced his profession; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; appointed Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Lincoln and served from March 5, 1861, to January 1, 1863, when he resigned to become judge of the United States District Court for the District of Indiana, in which capacity he served until his death in Indianapolis, Marion County, Ind., January 7, 1864; interment in the City Cemetery, Connersville, Ind.

CUSHING, Caleb, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Salisbury, Mass., January 17, 1800; was graduated from Harvard University in 1817; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Newburyport in 1823; member of the State house of representatives in 1825; served in the State senate in 1827; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1833 and 1834; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty-third Congress in 1833; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian candidate to the Twenty-fourth and reelected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1835-March 3, 1843); chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; appointed by President Tyler as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China on May 8, 1843, and also commissioner on the same date; resigned March 4, 1845; while serving as commissioner to China was empowered to negotiate a treaty of navigation and commerce with Japan; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1845 and 1846; colonel of a Massachusetts regiment which served in the war with Mexico; appointed brigadier general by President Polk April 14, 1847; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor in 1847 and again in 1848; again elected to the State house of representatives in 1850; offered the position as attorney general of Massachusetts in 1851, but declined; mayor of Newburyport, Mass., in 1851 and 1852; appointed judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts in 1852; appointed by President Pierce as Attorney General of the United States on March 7, 1853, and served until March 3, 1857; chairman of the Democratic National Conventions at Baltimore and Charleston in 1860; appointed by President Johnson as a commissioner to codify the laws of the United States and served from 1866 to 1870; instructed on November 25, 1868, in concert with the Minister Resident to Colombia, to negotiate a treaty for a ship canal across the Isthmus; appointed in 1872 by President Grant counsel for the United States before the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration on the Alabama claims; nominated by President Grant in 1874 to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but was not confirmed by the Senate; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain from January 6, 1874, to April 9, 1877; died in Newburyport, Essex County, Mass., on January 2, 1879; interment in Highland Cemetery.

CHAFFEE, Calvin Clifford, a Representative from Massachusetts; born at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., on August 28, 1811; attended the common schools; studied medicine, and was graduated from the medical school of Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt., in 1835; settled in Springfield, Mass., where he began the practice of his profession; elected on the American Party ticket to the Thirty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1859); was not a candidate for renomination in 1858; librarian of the House of Representatives 1860-1862; settled in Washington, D.C., and engaged in the practice of medicine until 1876, when he moved to Springfield, Mass.; president of the Union Relief Association 1880-1893; died in Springfield, Hampden County, Mass., on August 8, 1896; interment in Springfield Cemetery.

JOHNSON, Cave, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Robertson County, Tenn., January 11, 1793; pursued an academic course and attended Cumberland College, Nashville, Tenn.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1814 and commenced practice in Clarksville, Tenn.; prosecuting attorney of Montgomery County in 1817; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1829-March 3, 1837); chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1845); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Twenty-sixth Congress), Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-eighth Congress); appointed Postmaster General of the United States and served from March 5, 1845, to March 5, 1849; judge of the seventh judicial circuit court in 1850 and 1851; president of the Bank of Tennessee 1854-1860; United States commissioner in settling the affairs of the United States and Paraguay Navigation Co. in 1860; during the Civil War was elected to the State senate but was not permitted to take his seat; died in Clarksville, Tenn., November 23, 1866; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

ALBRIGHT, Charles, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Bucks County, Pa., December 13, 1830; attended Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Mauch Chunk, Pa.; moved to the Territory of Kansas in 1854 and participated in its early development; returned to Pennsylvania and resumed the practice of law in Mauch Chunk in 1856; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1872; during the Civil War served in the Union Army and was promoted through the ranks to colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; honorably mustered out May 24, 1865; recommissioned colonel of the Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Militia July 3, 1863, and honorably mustered out August 10, 1863; recommissioned colonel of the Two Hundred and Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, September 4, 1864; honorably mustered out August 3, 1865; resumed the practice of law in Mauch Chunk, Pa.; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for reelection in 1874; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in manufacturing in Mauch Chunk, Pa., until his death there September 28, 1880; interment in Mauch Chunk Cemetery.

LORE, Charles Brown, a Representative from Delaware; born in Odessa, New Castle County, Del., March 16, 1831; attended the public schools and Middletown Academy, Delaware; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in June 1852; studied law; was admitted to the bar of New Castle County, Del., in 1861 and practiced; clerk of the State house of representatives in 1857; during the Civil War served as commissioner of the draft for New Castle County, Del., in 1862; attorney general of Delaware 1869-1874; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); was not a candidate for renomination; appointed chief justice of the supreme court of Delaware in 1893; reappointed in 1897 for a term of twelve years but retired in 1909; member of the code commission in 1909 and 1910; died in Wilmington, Del., March 6, 1911; remains were cremated and the ashes deposited in the Methodist Church Cemetery.

DENISON, Charles,  (nephew of George Denison), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Wyoming Valley, Pa., January 23, 1818; received a liberal education, and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1838; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Wilkes-Barre; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, until his death in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., June 27, 1867; interment in Forty Fort Cemetery, Kingston, Pa.

SHELLEY, Charles Miller, a Representative from Alabama; born in Sullivan County, Tenn., December 28, 1833; moved with his father to Selma, Ala., in 1836; received a limited schooling; became an architect and builder; entered the Confederate Army in February 1861 as lieutenant and was stationed first at Fort Morgan and afterward attached to the Fifth Alabama Regiment; was commissioned brigadier general; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1881); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-seventh Congress, but the election was contested by James Q. Smith and the seat declared vacant July 20, 1882; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused and served from November 7, 1882, to March 3, 1883; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1883, to January 9, 1885, when he was succeeded by George H. Craig, who contested the election; returned to Birmingham, Jefferson County, Ala., and engaged in promoting the industrial interests of that region until his death in that city January 20, 1907; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Talladega, Ala.

O’NEILL, Charles, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 21, 1821; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Philadelphia; member of the State house of representatives 1850-1852 and in 1860; served in the State senate in 1853; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1871); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; elected to the Forty-third and to the ten succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1873, until his death in Philadelphia, Pa., on November 25, 1893; interment in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Montgomery County, Pa.

SUMNER, Charles, a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Boston, Mass., January 6, 1811; attended the Boston Latin School; graduated from Harvard University in 1830 and from the Harvard Law School in 1833; admitted to the bar the following year and commenced the practice of law in Boston, Mass.; lectured at the Harvard Law School 1836-1837; traveled extensively in Europe 1837-1840; declined the Whig nomination in 1846 for election to the Thirtieth Congress; one of the founders of the Free Soil Party in 1848; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1848 on the Free Soil ticket to the Thirty-first Congress; elected to the United States Senate in 1851 as a Free Soiler; reelected as a Republican in 1857, 1863, and 1869 and served from April 24, 1851, until his death; in response to his “Crime Against Kansas” speech, was assaulted by Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina on May 22, 1856, while in his seat in the Senate, and was absent on account of injuries received until December 1859; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirty-seventh through Forty-first Congresses), Committee on Privileges and Elections (Forty-second Congress); removed as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations in 1871 as a result of differences with President Ulysses S. Grant over policy in Santo Domingo; died in Washington, D.C., March 11, 1874; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, March 13, 1874; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

PITMAN, Charles Wesley, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in New Jersey, birth date unknown; attended the common schools; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1838; moved to Pottsville, Pa., the same year and conducted a school for boys, known as the Pottsville Academy; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); later became affiliated with the Republican Party; engaged extensively in the lumber business; elected sheriff of Schuylkill County in 1870 and served from January 1871 until his death in Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Pa., June 8, 1871; interment in Presbyterian Cemetery.

CLAY, Clement Claiborne, Jr., (son of Clement Comer Clay), a Senator from Alabama; born in Huntsville, Ala., December 13, 1816; graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1834 and from the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1839; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Huntsville, Ala., in 1840; member, State house of representatives 1842, 1844, 1845; judge of the county court of Madison County 1846-1848; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1853, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect; reelected in 1858 and served from November 29, 1853, to January 21, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses): member of the Confederate Senate 1861-1863; was a diplomatic agent of the Confederate States; arrested and imprisoned in Fortress Monroe in 1865; after the war settled on his plantation in Jackson County, Ala., and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits and to the practice of law; died at ‘Wildwood,’ near Gurley, Madison County, Ala., January 3, 1882; interment in Maple Hill Cemetery, Huntsville, Ala.

VALLANDIGHAM, Clement Laird, (uncle of John A. McMahon), a Representative from Ohio; born in New Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, July 29, 1820; attended a classical school conducted by his father and Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa.; moved to Maryland and for two years was a preceptor in Union Academy at Snow Hill; moved to New Lisbon, Ohio, in 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Dayton, Ohio; member of the State house of representatives in 1845 and 1846; edited the Western Empire 1847-1849; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress and in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856, 1864, and 1868; successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Lewis D. Campbell to the Thirty-fifth Congress; reelected to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from May 25, 1858, to March 3, 1863; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress; arrested by the Union military authorities in 1863 for treasonable utterance and banished to the Confederate States; went from Wilmington, N.C., to Bermuda and thence to Canada, where he remained until June 1864; during his exile was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio in 1863; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1869; died in Lebanon, Ohio, June 17, 1871; interment in Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

COBB, Clinton Levering, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, N.C., August 25, 1842; attended the common schools and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in Elizabeth City, N.C.; engaged in the mercantile business; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1875); chairman, Committee on the Freedman’s Bureau (Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Elizabeth City, N.C., and died there on April 30, 1879; interment in Episcopal Cemetery.

DELANO, Columbus, a Representative from Ohio; born in Shoreham, Vt., June 4, 1809; moved with his parents to Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, in 1817; pursued an academic course; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1831 and commenced practice in Mount Vernon; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); was not a candidate for renomination in 1846; unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for Governor at the Whig State convention in 1847; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1864; served as State commissary general of Ohio in 1861; unsuccessful candidate by two votes for the United States Senate in 1862; member of the State house of representatives in 1863; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirty-ninth Congress); successfully contested the election of George W. Morgan to the Fortieth Congress and served from June 3, 1868, to March 3, 1869; was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; Commissioner of Internal Revenue from March 11, 1869, to October 31, 1870; appointed Secretary of the Interior by President Grant on November 1, 1870, which position he held until October 19, 1875, when he resigned; retired to his farm near Mount Vernon, Ohio; president of the First National Bank of Mount Vernon until his death in Mount Vernon, Ohio, October 23, 1896; interment in Mount View Cemetery.

SICKLES, Daniel Edgar, a Representative from New York; born in New York City October 20, 1819; attended New York University; apprenticed as a printer; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1846 and commenced practice in New York City; member of the State assembly in 1847; corporation attorney in 1853; secretary of the legation at London by appointment of President Franklin Pierce 1853-1855; member of the State senate in 1856 and 1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; served in the Civil War as colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and brigadier general and major general of Volunteers; retired with rank of major general April 14, 1869; awarded the Medal of Honor October 30, 1897, for action at the Battle of Gettysburg; intrusted with a special mission to the South American Republics in 1865; chairman of the New York State Civil Service Commission in 1888 and 1889; sheriff of New York City in 1890; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1895); unsuccessful for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resided in New York City until his death there May 3, 1914; interment in Arlington National Cemetery.

WEBSTER, Daniel, a Representative from New Hampshire and a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Salisbury, N.H., January 18, 1782; attended district schools and Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.; graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1801; principal of an academy at Fryeburg, Maine, in 1802; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in Boscawen, near Salisbury, N.H.; moved to Portsmouth, N.H., in 1807 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Federalist from New Hampshire to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses (March 4, 1813-March 3, 1817); was not a candidate for reelection in 1816 to the Fifteenth Congress; moved to Boston, Mass., in 1816; achieved national fame as counsel representing Dartmouth College before the United States Supreme Court in the Dartmouth College case 1816-1819; delegate to the Massachusetts State constitutional convention in 1820; elected from Massachusetts to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1823, to May 30, 1827; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses); elected as Adams (later Anti-Jacksonian) on June 8, 1827, to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1827, credentials presented on December 3, 1827, and took oath of office on December 17, 1827; reelected as a Whig in 1833 and 1839 and served until his resignation, effective February 22, 1841; chairman, Committee on Finance (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses); unsuccessful Whig candidate for president in 1836; appointed Secretary of State by President William Henry Harrison and again by President John Tyler and served from 1841 to 1843; again elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1845, to July 22, 1850, when he resigned; appointed Secretary of State by President Millard Fillmore and served from July 22, 1850, until his death in Marshfield, Massachusetts., October 24, 1852; interment in the Winslow Cemetery.

VOORHEES, Daniel Wolsey,  (father of Charles Stewart Voorhees), a Representative and a Senator from Indiana; born in Liberty Township, Butler County, Ohio, September 26, 1827; moved with his parents to Indiana in early childhood; attended the common schools of Veedersburg, Ind.; graduated from Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw) University at Greencastle in 1849; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Covington, Ind.; moved to Terre Haute and continued the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; United States district attorney for Indiana 1858-1861; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1865); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1865, to February 23, 1866, when he was succeeded by Henry D. Washburn, who contested the election; elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; appointed and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Oliver H.P.T. Morton; reelected in 1885 and again in 1891, and served from November 6, 1877, to March 3, 1897; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on the Library (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Finance (Fifty-third Congress); died in Washington, D.C., April 10, 1897; interment in Highland Lawn Cemetery, Terre Haute, Ind.

BRUNNER, David B., a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Amity, Berks (now Washington) County, Pa., March 7, 1835; attended the common schools; learned the carpenter’s trade; taught school from 1853 to 1856, during which time he studied the classics; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1860; principal of Reading Classical Academy, Reading, Pa., 1860-1869; established the Reading Business College in 1880; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893); was not a candidate for renomination in 1892; taught at the Reading Business College; died in Reading, Pa., on November 29, 1903; interment in Amityville Cemetery, Berks County, Pa.

BRODERICK, David Colbreth, (cousin of Andrew Kennedy and Case Broderick), a Senator from California; born in Washington, D.C., February 4, 1820, his father having emigrated from Ireland to work as a stonecutter on the Capitol; moved with his parents to New York City in 1823; attended the common schools; apprenticed to a stonecutter in early youth; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress; moved to California in 1849 and engaged in smelting and assaying gold; member, State senate 1850-1851, serving as president in 1851; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1857, until mortally wounded in a duel with the chief justice of the supreme court of California; died near San Francisco, Calif., September 16, 1859; interment under a monument erected by the people of the State in Lone Mountain (later Laurel Hill) Cemetery, San Francisco; reinterred in 1942 in Cypress Lawn Memorial Park, Colma, Calif.

DAVIS, David,  (cousin of Henry Winter Davis), a Senator from Illinois; born near Cecilton, Cecil County, Md., March 9, 1815; attended the public schools of Maryland; graduated from Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1832; studied law in Lenox, Mass., and at the law school in New Haven; admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in Pekin, Tazewell County, Ill.; moved to Bloomington, Ill., in 1836, and continued the practice of law; member, State house of representatives 1844; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1847; judge of the eighth judicial circuit of Illinois 1848-1862; appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1862-1877, when he resigned to become a Senator; candidate for nomination for president on the Liberal-Republican ticket in 1872; elected as an Independent to the United States Senate, and served from March 4, 1877, until March 3, 1883; was not a candidate for renomination in 1882; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Forty-seventh Congress; retired from public life; died in Bloomington, McLean County, Ill., June 26, 1886; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

ATCHISON, David Rice, a Senator from Missouri; born in Frogtown, Ky., August 11, 1807; attended Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Liberty, Clay County, Mo., in 1829; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives in 1834, and again in 1838; appointed judge of the Platte County circuit court in 1841; appointed and subsequently elected in 1843 as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis F. Linn; reelected in 1849, and served from October 14, 1843, to March 3, 1855; President pro tempore of the Senate (Twenty-ninth through Thirty-third Congresses); chairman, Committee on the Militia (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirtieth through Thirty-second Congresses); resumed the practice of law; died at his home near Gower, Clinton County, Mo., January 26, 1886; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery, Plattsburg, Mo.

WILMOT, David, a Representative and a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Bethany, Pa., January 20, 1814; completed preparatory studies in the academy at Aurora, N.Y.; studied law; admitted to the bar of Bradford County, Pa., in 1834 and commenced practice in Towanda, Bradford County, Pa.; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; was the author of the ‘Wilmot Proviso’ relative to slavery in newly annexed territory; took a leading part in the founding of the Republican Party in 1854; presiding judge of the thirteenth judicial district 1851-1861; unsuccessful Republican candidate for governor of Pennsylvania in 1857; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Simon Cameron and served from March 14, 1861, to March 3, 1863; was not a candidate for reelection in 1862; member of the peace convention of 1861, held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; appointed by President Abraham Lincoln a judge of the United States Court of Claims in 1863 and served until his death in Towanda, Pa., March 16, 1868; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

AIKEN, David Wyatt,  (father of Wyatt Aiken and cousin of William Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Winnsboro, Fairfield County, S.C., March 17, 1828; received his early education under private tutors; attended Mount Zion Institute, Winnsboro, and was graduated from South Carolina University, at Columbia, in 1849; taught school two years; engaged in agricultural pursuits in 1852; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as a private; appointed adjutant and later elected colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Volunteers; relieved from service by reason of wounds received on September 17, 1862, at Antietam; member of the State house of representatives 1864-1866; secretary and treasurer, Agricultural and Mechanical Society of South Carolina, 1869; member, executive committee, National Grange, 1873-1885, and served as chairman, 1875; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Education (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1886, being an invalid throughout his last term; died in Cokesbury, S.C., April 6, 1887; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Greenwood, S.C.

GIDDINGS, De Witt Clinton, a Representative from Texas; born in Susquehanna County, Pa., July 18, 1827; pursued an academic course; studied law in Honesdale, Pa.; was admitted to the bar in Texas in 1852 and commenced practice in Brenham, Tex.; served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War; member of the State constitutional convention in 1866; successfully contested as a Democrat the election of William T. Clark to the Forty-second Congress; reelected to the Forty-third Congress and served from May 13, 1872, to March 3, 1875; again elected to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879); engaged in the banking business in Brenham, Tex.; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1884, 1888, and 1892; died in Brenham, Tex., on August 19, 1903; interment in Prairie Lea Cemetery.

SABIN, Dwight May, a Senator from Minnesota; born near Marseilles, La Salle County, Ill., April 25, 1843; moved to Connecticut with his parents in 1857; attended the country schools and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; served in the Union Army during the Civil War; employed as a clerk in Washington, D.C.; returned to Connecticut in 1864 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and also the lumber business; moved to Stillwater, Minn., in 1868; engaged in lumbering and the general manufacture of railroad cars and agricultural machinery; member, Minnesota State senate 1872-1875; served in the State house of representatives in 1878 and 1881; chairman of the Republican National Committee 1883-1884; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1889; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; chairman, Committee to Examine Branches of the Civil Service (Forty-ninth Congress), Committee on Railroads (Fiftieth Congress); engaged in the coal, lumber, and manufacturing business; died in Chicago, Ill., on December 22, 1902; interment in Fairview Cemetery, Stillwater, Washington County, Minn.

HOAR, Ebenezer Rockwood, (grandson of Roger Sherman, son of Samuel Hoar, brother of George Frisbie Hoar, father of Sherman Hoar, and uncle of Rockwood Hoar), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Concord, Mass., February 21, 1816; pursued classical studies and was graduated from Harvard University in 1835; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Concord and Boston, Mass.; served in the State senate in 1846 as an anti-slavery Whig; judge of the court of common pleas 1849-1855; judge of the State supreme court 1859-1869; Attorney General of the United States from March 1869 until his resignation in June 1870; nominated in 1869 by President Grant as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court but was not confirmed by the Senate; member of the joint high commission which framed the treaty of Washington in 1871 under which the tribunal was provided for to settle the Alabama claims; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed the practice of his profession in Concord and Boston, Mass.; member of the board of overseers of Harvard University 1868-1882; died in Concord, Mass., January 31, 1895; interment in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.

DARGAN, Edmund Strother, a Representative from Alabama; born near Wadesboro, Montgomery County, N.C., April 15, 1805; pursued preparatory studies at home; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Wadesboro in 1829; moved to Washington, Ala., where he commenced the practice of law and was for several years a justice of the peace; moved to Montgomery in 1833 and to Mobile in 1841; judge of the circuit court, Mobile district, in 1841 and 1842; served in the State senate in 1844; mayor of Mobile in 1844; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); did not seek renomination in 1846; associate justice of the State supreme court in 1847, and in 1849 became chief justice; resigned in December 1852 and resumed the practice of law; delegate to the State convention in 1861 and voted for the ordinance of secession; Member of the first Confederate House of Representatives; resumed the practice of law in Mobile, Ala., and died there on November 22, 1879; interment in Magnolia Cemetery.

PETTUS, Edmund Winston, a Senator from Alabama; born in Limestone County, Ala., July 6, 1821; attended the common schools of Alabama and Clinton College in Smith County, Tenn.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Gainesville, Ala.; elected solicitor for the seventh circuit in 1844; served as a lieutenant in the Mexican War; again solicitor 1853-1855; elected judge of the seventh circuit in 1855 but resigned in 1858 and moved to Dallas County; resumed the practice of law; served as envoy from Alabama to Mississippi during the formation of the Southern Confederacy; entered the Confederate Army as major in 1861; was made a brigadier general of Infantry in 1863 and served until the close of the Civil War; returned to Selma, Ala., and practiced law; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1897; reelected in 1903 and served from March 4, 1897, until his death at Hot Springs, Madison County, N.C., July 27, 1907; interment in Live Oak Cemetery, Selma, Ala.

BATES, Edward,  (brother of James Woodson Bates), a Representative from Missouri; born in Belmont, Goochland County, Va., September 4, 1793; attended Charlotte Hall Academy, Maryland; acted as sergeant in a volunteer brigade during the War of 1812; moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1814; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1817 and practiced; circuit prosecuting attorney in 1818; member of the State constitutional convention in 1820; State’s attorney in 1820; member of the State house of representatives in 1822; United States district attorney 1821-1826; elected as an Adams to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1829); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; resumed the practice of law; member of the State senate in 1830; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1834; declined the appointment as Secretary of War in 1850 in the Cabinet of President Fillmore; judge of the St. Louis land court 1853-1856; presided at the Whig National Convention in 1856; appointed by President Lincoln as Attorney General of the United States and served from March 5, 1861, to September 1864; died in St. Louis, Mo., March 25, 1869; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery; removed from Bellefontaine Cemetery, place of reinterment not known.

WALTHALL, Edward Cary, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Richmond, Va., April 4, 1831; moved to Mississippi as a child; attended St. Thomas Hall, Holly Springs, Miss.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Coffeeville, Miss.; elected district attorney for the tenth judicial district of Mississippi in 1856 and reelected in 1859; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as a lieutenant; promoted to lieutenant colonel, colonel, brigadier general, and major general; resumed the practice of law in Coffeeville; moved to Grenada, Miss., in 1871 and continued the practice of law until 1885; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lucius Q.C. Lamar; was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy; reelected in 1889 and served from March 9, 1885, to January 24, 1894, when he resigned due to ill health; was again elected for the term beginning March 4, 1895, and served from that date until his death in Washington, D.C., April 21, 1898; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Fifty-fifth Congress); funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate; interment in Holly Springs Cemetery, Holly Springs, Miss.

DICKINSON, Edward, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Amherst, Mass., January 1, 1803; attended the public schools and Amherst Academy; was graduated from Yale College in 1823; studied law in the law school of Northampton, Mass.; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Amherst in 1826; treasurer of Amherst College 1835-1873; member of the State house of representatives in 1838 and 1839; served in the State senate in 1842 and 1843; member of the Governor’s council in 1846 and 1847; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); declined to be a candidate for the Republican nomination of Lieutenant Governor in 1861; again elected a member of the State house of representatives in 1873; died in Boston, Mass., June 16, 1874; interment in West Cemetery, Amherst, Hampshire County, Mass.

BAKER, Edward Dickinson, a Representative from Illinois and a Senator from Oregon; born in London, England, February 24, 1811; immigrated to the United States in 1815 with his parents, who settled in Philadelphia, Pa.; moved to Illinois in 1825; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Springfield; member, State house of representatives 1837; member, State senate 1840-1844; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1845, until his resignation on December 24, 1846, to take effect on January 15, 1847; commissioned colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, on July 4, 1846, and served until he was honorably mustered out on May 29, 1847; participated in the siege of Vera Cruz and commanded a brigade at Cerro Gordo; after the Mexican War moved to Galena, Ill.; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; moved to San Francisco, Calif., in 1851 and resumed the practice of law; moved to Oregon in 1860; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1859, and served from October 2, 1860, until his death; raised a regiment in New York City and Philadelphia during the Civil War; commissioned brigadier general of Volunteers May 17, 1861, but declined; colonel of the Seventy-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and major general of Volunteers 1861; killed in the Battle of Balls Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861; interment in San Francisco National Cemetery, San Francisco, Calif.

EVERETT, Edward,  (father of William Everett), a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Dorchester, Mass., April 11, 1794; graduated from Harvard University in 1811; tutor in that university 1812-1814; studied theology and was ordained pastor of the Brattle Street Unitarian Church, Boston, in 1814; professor of Greek literature at Harvard University 1815-1826; overseer of Harvard University 1827-1847, 1849-1854, and 1862-1865; elected to the Nineteenth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1835); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1834; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twentieth Congress); Governor of Massachusetts 1836-1840; appointed United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain 1841-1845; declined a diplomatic commission to China in 1843; president of Harvard University 1846-1849; appointed Secretary of State by President Millard Fillmore to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Daniel Webster and served from November 6, 1852, to March 3, 1853; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1853, until his resignation, effective June 1, 1854; unsuccessful candidate for vice president of the United States in 1860 on the Constitutional-Union ticket; died in Boston, Mass., January 15, 1865; interment in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.

MORGAN, Edwin Denison,  (cousin of Morgan Gardner Bulkeley), a Senator from New York; born in Washington, Mass., February 8, 1811; moved with his parents to Windsor County, Conn., in 1822; attended the public schools and Bacon Academy, Colchester, Conn.; moved to Hartford, Conn., in 1828 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; member, city council of Hartford 1832; moved to New York City in 1836 and engaged in the wholesale grocery business, banking and brokerage; alderman of New York City 1849; member, State senate 1850-1855; State commissioner of immigration 1855-1858; chairman of the Republican National Committee 1856-1864; Governor of New York 1859-1862; during the Civil War served as major general of Volunteers in the Union Army 1861-1863, serving as commander of the Department of New York; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1869; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1868; chairman, Committee on the Library (Fortieth Congress); chairman of the Republican National Committee 1872-1876; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1876; declined the office of Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Chester Arthur in 1881; died in New York City, February 14, 1883; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford, Conn.

WEBSTER, Edwin Hanson, a Representative from Maryland; born near Churchville, Harford County, Md., March 31, 1829; received a classical training; attended the Churchville (Md.) Academy and the New London Academy, Chester County, Pa., and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1847; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Bel Air, Harford County, Md.; member of the State senate 1855-1859; during the Civil War was colonel of the Seventh Regiment, Maryland Volunteer Infantry, and served in 1862 and 1863; elected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress, as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress and as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, until his resignation in July 1865 when he was appointed collector of customs at the port of Baltimore, and served from July 27, 1865, to April 15, 1869; resumed the practice of his profession in Bel Air; was again appointed by President Arthur, on February 17, 1882, and served until February 23, 1886; in 1882 he engaged in banking, which he followed until his death; died in Bel Air, Md., April 24, 1893; interment in Calvary Cemetery, near Churchville, Md.

SAULSBURY, Eli,  (brother of Willard Saulsbury, uncle of Willard Saulsbury, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Mispillion Hundred, Kent County, Del., December 29, 1817; attended the common schools and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; member, State house of representatives 1853-1854; moved to Dover, Del., in 1856; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1857 and practiced in Dover; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1871; reelected in 1876 and 1883 and served from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1889; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Privileges and Elections (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Forty-seventh through Fiftieth Congresses); resumed the practice of his profession; died in Dover, Kent County, Del., March 22, 1893; interment in Silver Lake Cemetery.

WASHBURNE, Elihu Benjamin,  (brother of Israel Washburn, Jr., Cadwallader Colden Washburn, and William Drew Washburn), a Representative from Illinois; born in Livermore, Androscoggin County, Maine, September 23, 1816; attended the common schools; printer’s apprentice; assistant editor of the Kennebec Journal, Augusta; studied law at Kents’ Hill Seminary in 1836 and at Harvard Law School in 1839; was admitted to the bar in 1840; moved to Galena, Jo Daviess County, Ill., in 1840 and commenced the practice of law; delegate to the Whig National Conventions in 1844 and 1852; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and reelected as a Republican to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, to March 6, 1869, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth through Fortieth Congresses), Committee on Appropriations (Fortieth Congress); appointed as Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Grant, but resigned a few days afterward to accept a diplomatic mission to France; upon the declaration of the Franco-Prussian War he protected with the American flag the Paris legations of the various German states; remained in Paris during the siege and was the only foreign minister who continued at his post during the days of the Commune; protected not only Germans but all the foreigners left by their ministers; served as Minister until 1877, when he returned and settled in Chicago, Ill.; engaged in literary pursuits; died in Chicago, Ill., October 23, 1887; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Galena, Ill.

ETHERIDGE, Emerson, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Currituck, N.C., September 28, 1819; moved with his parents to Tennessee in 1831; completed preparatory studies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Dresden, Tenn.; member of the State house of representatives 1845-1847; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and reelected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirty-sixth Congress); Clerk of the House of Representatives 1861-1863; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1867; member of the State senate in 1869 and 1870; surveyor of customs in Memphis 1891-1894; died in Dresden, Tenn., October 21, 1902; interment in Mount Vernon Cemetery, near Sharon, Tenn.

HUNTON, Eppa, a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Va., September 22, 1822; attended New Baltimore Academy; taught school three years; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Brentsville, Va.; served as colonel, and later general, in the Virginia militia; Commonwealth attorney for Prince William County 1849-1861; member of the Virginia convention at Richmond in February 1861 and advocated secession; entered the Confederate Army as colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Virginia Infantry; promoted to brigadier general after the Battle of Gettysburg and served through the remainder of the Civil War; resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1881); was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Pensions (Forty-fourth Congress), Committee on the District of Columbia (Forty-sixth Congress); appointed a member of the Electoral Commission created by act of Congress in 1877 to decide the contests in various States in the presidential election of 1876; resumed the practice of law; appointed and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John S. Barbour and served from May 28, 1892, to March 3, 1895; was not a candidate for renomination in 1894; resumed the practice of law in Warrenton, Va.; died in Richmond, Va., October 11, 1908; interment in Hollywood Cemetery.

BARKSDALE, Ethelbert, (brother of William Barksdale), a Representative from Mississippi; born in Smyrna, Rutherford County, Tenn., January 4, 1824; moved to Jackson, Hinds County, Miss.; adopted journalism as a profession; edited the official journal of the State 1854-1861 and 1876-1883; member of the Confederate Congress 1861-1865; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1860, 1868, 1872, and 1880; chairman of the Democratic State executive committee 1877-1879; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; engaged in agricultural pursuits in Yazoo County; died in Yazoo City, Miss., February 17, 1893; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Miss.

NISBET, Eugenius Aristides, (cousin of Mark Anthony Cooper), a Representative from Georgia; born near Union Point, Greene County, Ga., December 7, 1803; completed preparatory studies; attended the Powellton Academy, Hancock County, Ga., 1815-1817 and the University of South Carolina at Columbia 1817-1819; was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1821; was admitted to the bar by a special act of the legislature before he was twenty-one and commenced the practice of law in Madison, Morgan County, Ga., in 1824; member of the State house of representatives 1827-1830; served in the State senate 1830-1837; moved to Macon, Ga., in 1837 and resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful Whig candidate for election in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1839, until October 12, 1841, when he resigned; associate judge of the supreme court of Georgia 1845-1853; member of the secession convention of Georgia in January 1861 and was the author of the ordinance of secession; unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1861; died in Macon, Bibb County, Ga., March 18, 1871; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery.

ZOLLICOFFER, Felix Kirk, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Bigbyville, Maury County, Tenn., May 19, 1812; attended the “old field” schools and Jackson College, Columbia, Tenn.; became a printer; engaged in newspaper work in Paris, Tenn., 1828-1830, Knoxville, Tenn., in 1831 and 1832, and Huntsville, Ala., 1835-1843; elected State printer of Tennessee in 1835; served as a lieutenant in the war against the Seminoles in Florida in 1836; owner and editor of the Columbia Observer and the Southern Agriculturist in 1837; editor of the Republican Banner, the State organ of the Whig Party, in 1843; comptroller of the State treasury 1845-1849; served in the State senate 1849-1852; delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1852; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and reelected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1859); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1858; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as brigadier general; died from wounds received near Mill Springs, Ky., January 19, 1862; interment in the Old City Cemetery, Nashville, Tenn.

WOOD, Fernando,  (brother of Benjamin Wood), a Representative from New York; born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 14, 1812; attended the public schools; moved with his father to New York City in 1820; was engaged in business as a shipping merchant in 1831; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; appointed by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun dispatch agent for the State Department at the port of New York; reappointed to the position by Secretary of State James Buchanan and served from 1844 to 1847; unsuccessful candidate for mayor of New York in 1850 and in 1867; retired as a shipping merchant in 1850; mayor of New York City in 1855-1858, 1861, and 1862; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress; elected to the Fortieth and to the seven succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1867, until his death at Hot Springs, Ark., February 14, 1881, before the beginning of the Forty-seventh Congress, to which he had been reelected; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses); censured by the Fortieth Congress on January 15, 1868, for use of unparliamentary language; interment in Trinity Cemetery, New York City.

CRAIGE, Francis Burton, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Salisbury, Rowan County, N.C., March 13, 1811; attended a private school in Salisbury, and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1829; editor and proprietor of the Western Carolinian 1829-1831; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in Salisbury; one of the last borough representatives in the State house of representatives 1832-1834; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Thirty-third Congress); delegate to the State secession convention in 1861 and introduced the ordinance of secession in the form in which it was adopted; delegate to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States which met in Richmond, Va., in July 1861; died in Concord, Cabarrus County, N.C., while attending the courts of that county, December 30, 1875; interment in Old English Cemetery, Salisbury, N.C.

COCKRELL, Francis Marion, (brother of Jeremiah Vardaman Cockrell), a Senator from Missouri; born in Warrensburg, Johnson County, Mo., October 1, 1834; attended the common schools; graduated from Chapel Hill College, Lafayette County, Mo., in July 1853; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1855 and practiced in Warrensburg, Mo.; served in the Confederate Army as captain, brigade commander, and brigadier general; captured at Fort Blakeley, Ala., in April 1865 and paroled in May 1865; at the close of the Civil War resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1874; reelected four times and served from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1905; chairman, Committee on Claims (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Fifty-first through Fifty-eighth Congresses, except for Fifty-third), Committee on Appropriations (Fifty-third Congress); appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission 1905-1910; appointed in 1911 a United States commissioner to reestablish the boundary line between Texas and New Mexico; civilian member of the board of ordnance in the War Department, which position he held until his death in Washington, D.C., December 13, 1915; interment in Warrensburg Cemetery, Warrensburg, Mo.

BLAIR, Francis Preston, Jr., a Representative and a Senator from Missouri; born in Lexington, Ky., on February 19, 1821; as a child moved with his father to Washington, D.C.; attended private schools and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; graduated from Princeton College in 1841; studied law at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in St. Louis in 1843; enlisted as a private during the Mexican War; served as attorney general of the Territory of New Mexico; resumed the practice of law in St. Louis; member, State house of representatives 1852-1856; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); successfully contested the election of John R. Barret to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served from June 8 to June 25, 1860, when he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1861, until his resignation in July 1862 to become a colonel in the Union Army; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-seventh Congress); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1863, to June 10, 1864, when he was succeeded by Samuel Knox, who contested the election; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1868; member, State house of representatives 1870; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles D. Drake and served from January 20, 1871, to March 3, 1873; was not a candidate for reelection; State insurance commissioner in 1874; died in St. Louis, Mo., July 8, 1875; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

PICKENS, Francis Wilkinson,  (grandson of Andrew Pickens), a Representative from South Carolina; born on a plantation on the Toogoodoo River, St. Paul’s Parish, Colleton District, S.C., April 7, 1805; completed preparatory studies; attended Franklin College, Athens, Ga., and was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Edgefield District in 1829; engaged in planting; member of the state house of representatives 1832-1833; elected as a Nullifier to the Twenty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George McDuffie; reelected as a Nullifier to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses and elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses and served from December 8, 1834, to March 3, 1843; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-sixth Congress); member of the state senate 1844-1846; member of the Nashville southern convention in 1850; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856; unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1857 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew P. Butler; Minister to Russia 1858-1860; governor of South Carolina 1860-1862; died in Edgefield, Edgefield County, S.C., January 25, 1869; interment in Edgefield Cemetery.

PIERCE, Franklin, a Representative and a Senator from New Hampshire and 14th President of the United States; born in Hillsborough, N.H., November 23, 1804; attended the academies of Hancock and Francestown, N.H.; prepared for college at Exeter and graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1824; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hillsborough in 1827; member, State general court 1829-1833, and served as speaker 1832-1833; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1837); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1837, to February 28, 1842, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Twenty-sixth Congress); resumed the practice of law in Concord; district attorney for New Hampshire; declined the appointment as Attorney General of the United States tendered by President James Polk; served in the Mexican War as a colonel and brigadier general; member of the New Hampshire State constitutional convention in 1850 and served as its president; elected President of the United States on the Democratic ticket and served from March 4, 1853, to March 3, 1857; resumed the practice of law; died in Concord, N.H., October 8, 1869; interment in Minat Inclosure, Old North Cemetery.

FRELINGHUYSEN, Frederick Theodore, (nephew and adopted son of Theodore Frelinghuysen, great-nephew of Frederick Frelinghuysen, uncle of Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, great-grandfather of Peter Hood Ballantine Frelinghuysen, Jr.; great-great-grandfather of Rodney P. Frelinghuysen), a Senator from New Jersey; born in Millstone, N.J., August 4, 1817; graduated from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J., in 1836; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Newark, N.J.; city attorney of Newark in 1849; member of the city council 1850; trustee of Rutgers College 1851-1885; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; attorney general of New Jersey 1861-1866; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Wright and served from November 12, 1866, to March 3, 1869; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1868; appointed United States Minister to England by President Ulysses Grant in July 1870; confirmed but declined the appointment; again elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and served from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1877; appointed a member of the Electoral Commission in 1877 to decide the contests in various States in the presidential election of 1876; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Forty-second through Forty-fourth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Newark, N.J.; appointed Secretary of State by President Chester Arthur 1881-1885; died in Newark, N.J., May 20, 1885; interment in Mount Pleasant Cemetery.

GROW, Galusha Aaron, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Ashford (now Eastford), Windham County, Conn., August 31, 1823; moved to Glenwood, Susquehanna County, Pa., in May 1834; attended the common schools and Franklin Academy, Susquehanna County; graduated from Amherst College, Amherst, Mass., in 1844; studied law; was admitted to the bar of Susquehanna County in 1847 and practiced; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fourth Congresses and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth Congresses); unsuccessful Republican nominee for Speaker in 1857; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-seventh Congress); delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1864, 1884, and 1892; president of the Houston & Great Northern Railroad Co. of Texas 1871-1876; returned to Pennsylvania and engaged in lumber, oil, and soft-coal pursuits; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Lilly; reelected to the Fifty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from February 26, 1894, to March 3, 1903; chairman, Committee on Education (Fifty-fourth through Fifty-seventh Congresses); declined a renomination in 1902; died in Glenwood, near Scranton, Pa., March 31, 1907; interment in Harford Cemetery, Harford, Pa.

DAVIS, Garrett, (brother of Amos Davis), a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky; born in Mount Sterling, Ky., September 10, 1801; completed preparatory studies; employed in the office of the county clerk of Montgomery County and afterward of Bourbon County; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1823 and commenced practice in Paris, Ky.; member, State house of representatives 1833-1835; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1847); chairman, Committee on Territories (Twenty-seventh Congress); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1846; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; declined the nomination for lieutenant governor in 1848; declined the American Party nomination for governor in 1855 and for the presidency in 1856; was opposed to secession and supported the Constitutional Union ticket in 1860; elected as a Unionist in 1861 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the expulsion of John C. Breckinridge; reelected as a Democrat in 1867 and served from December 10, 1861, until his death in Paris, Bourbon County, Ky., September 22, 1872; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Forty-second Congress); interment in Paris Cemetery.

DIBRELL, George Gibbs, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Sparta, White County, Tenn., April 12, 1822; attended the public schools, and was graduated from the East Tennessee University, Knoxville, Tenn., in 1843; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and practiced; engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits; justice of the peace and county court clerk of White County, Tenn., for many years; member, State house of representatives, 1861; volunteered in the Confederate Army and served from 1861 to 1865; rose from private to lieutenant colonel of Infantry and colonel of Cavalry, and was discharged as brigadier general; delegate to the State’s constitutional convention in 1870; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1885); was not a candidate for renomination in 1884; resumed agricultural and mercantile pursuits; died in Sparta, Tenn., May 9, 1888; interment in the Old Sparta Cemetery.

VEST, George Graham, a Senator from Missouri; born in Frankfort, Franklin County, Ky., December 6, 1830; graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1848 and from the law department of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1853; admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Georgetown, Mo.; moved to Boonville, Mo., in 1856; Democratic presidential elector in 1860; member, State house of representatives 1860-1861; judge advocate with the Confederate forces in Missouri in 1862; served in the house of representatives of the Confederate Congress from February 1862 to January 1865, when he resigned, having been appointed to fill a vacancy in the Confederate Senate; resumed the practice of law in Sedalia, Mo., in 1865; moved to Kansas City in 1877; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected in 1885, 1891 and 1897 and served from March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1903; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Epidemic Diseases (Fifty-fourth Congress), Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine (Fifty-fourth through Fifty-seventh Congresses); due to ill health, retired from public life and resided at Sweet Springs, Saline County, Mo., until his death on August 9, 1904; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Mo.

WILLIAMS, George Henry, a Senator from Oregon; born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, N.Y., March 26, 1823; completed preparatory studies; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice at Fort Madison, Iowa Territory; judge of the first judicial district of Iowa 1847-1852; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1852; chief justice of the Territory of Oregon 1853-1857; reappointed by President James Buchanan but declined; member of the State constitutional convention of Oregon in 1858; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1871; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; Attorney General of the United States in the Cabinet of President Ulysses Grant 1872-1875; nominated by President Grant as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1873, but subsequently his name was withdrawn; mayor of Portland, Oreg., 1902-1905; died in Portland, Oreg., April 4, 1910; interment in Riverview Cemetery.

PENDLETON, George Hunt,  (son of Nathanael Greene Pendleton), a Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 19, 1825; attended the local schools and Cincinnati College; attended Heidelberg University, Germany; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Cincinnati; member, State senate 1854-1856; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1865); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress; one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Judge West H. Humphreys; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for vice president in 1864; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1866 to the Fortieth Congress; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for governor of Ohio in 1869; president of the Kentucky Central Railroad 1869-1879; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1885; unsuccessful candidate for renomination; Democratic [conference] Chairman 1881-1885; appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany in 1885, and served until his death in Brussels, Belgium, November 24, 1889; interment in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.

ROBESON, George Maxwell,  (nephew of George Clifford Maxwell), a Representative from New Jersey; born at Oxford Furnace, near Belvidere, Warren County, N.J., March 16, 1829; pursued an academic course and was graduated from Princeton College in 1847; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1850 and practiced in Newark and subsequently in Camden; appointed prosecuting attorney for Camden County in 1858; was active in organizing the State troops for service in the Civil War and was commissioned brigadier general by Governor Parker; elected attorney general of New Jersey in 1867 and served until his resignation June 22, 1869; appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Grant and served from June 25, 1869, to March 12, 1877; resumed the practice of law in Camden, N.J.; elected as a Republican to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Forty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Trenton, N.J., where he died September 27, 1897; interment in Belvidere Cemetery, Belvidere, N.J.

FISHER, George Purnell, a Representative from Delaware; born in Milford, Sussex County, Del., October 13, 1817; attended the public schools of Kent County and Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmitsburg, Md.; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1838; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Dover, Del.; member of the State house of representatives in 1843 and 1844; secretary of state in 1846; confidential clerk to Secretary Clayton in the Department of State at Washington in 1849; appointed by President Taylor a commissioner to adjudicate claims against Brazil, and served from 1850 to 1852; attorney general of Delaware 1857-1860; elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress; appointed by President Lincoln on March 11, 1863, a judge of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, which position he resigned when appointed district attorney for the District of Columbia, serving until 1875; returned to Dover; appointed by President Harrison on May 31, 1889, First Auditor of the Treasury Department and served until March 23, 1893; died in Washington, D.C., February 10, 1899; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery; reinterment in the Methodist Cemetery, Dover, Del.

CANNON, George Quayle, (father of Frank Jenne Cannon), a Delegate from the Territory of Utah; born in Liverpool, England, January 11, 1827; attended the common schools; immigrated to the United States in 1842 with his parents, who settled in Nauvoo, Ill.; moved to Great Salt Lake (then Mexican territory), Utah, in 1847; went to California in 1849 and a year later to the Hawaiian Islands as a missionary; returned to Salt Lake City in 1854; learned the art of printing; editor of the Western Standard in 1856 and 1857 and of the Deseret News 1867-1874 and 1877-1879; member of the Territorial council 1865, 1866, and 1869-1872; member of the board of regents of the Deseret University (now the University of Utah) and later chancellor; elected by the constitutional convention in 1872 a delegate to present the constitution and memorial to Congress for admission of the Territory as a State into the Union; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1881); contested the election of Allen G. Campbell to the Forty-seventh Congress, but the House, on April 20, 1882, decided that neither was entitled to the seat; returned to Salt Lake City; director of the Union Pacific Railroad and a member of the board of directors of several financial and industrial enterprises at the time of his death; died in Monterey, Monterey County, Calif., April 12, 1901; interment in Salt Lake City Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah.

ALLEN, William Vincent, a Senator from Nebraska; born in Midway, Madison County, Ohio, January 28, 1847; moved with his parents to Iowa in 1857; attended the common schools and Upper Iowa University at Fayette; served as a private during the Civil War; studied law at West Union, Iowa; admitted to the bar in 1869 and practiced in Iowa until 1884, when he moved to Madison, Nebr.; judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska 1891-1893; permanent chairman of the Populist State conventions in 1892, 1894, and 1896; elected as a Populist to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1899; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1899; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska and served from March 9, 1899, until December 1899, when he resigned to return to the Senate; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Monroe L. Hayward, and served from December 13, 1899, to March 28, 1901, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election to the vacancy; chairman, Committee on Forest Reservations and Game Protection (Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Madison, Nebr.; again elected judge of the district court of the ninth judicial district of Nebraska in 1917 and served until his death; died in Los Angeles, Calif., January 12, 1924; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery, Madison, Nebr.

BOUTWELL, George Sewel, a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Brookline, Mass., January 28, 1818; attended the public schools; taught school in Shirley, Mass.; engaged in mercantile pursuits in Groton, Mass., 1841; appointed postmaster of Groton 1841; studied law; member, State house of representatives 1842-1844, 1847-1850; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to both Congress and the governorship on several occasions between 1844 and 1850; State bank commissioner 1849-1851; Governor of Massachusetts 1851-1852; member of the State constitutional convention in 1853; secretary of the State board of education 1855-1861; member of the board of overseers of Harvard University 1850-1860; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; served on the military commission under the War Department in 1862; first Commissioner of Internal Revenue in 1862 and 1863; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to March 12, 1869, when he resigned; one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1868 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against President Andrew Johnson; appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Ulysses Grant 1869-1873, when he resigned; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Wilson and served from March 17, 1873, until March 3, 1877; chairman, Committee on the Revision of the Laws of the United States (Forty-fourth Congress); appointed by President Rutherford Hayes as commissioner to codify and edit the Statutes at Large in 1877; United States counsel before the French and American Claims Commission 1880; declined appointment as Secretary of the Treasury in 1884; practiced law in Washington, D.C.; counsel for Haiti in 1885, for Hawaii in 1886, and for Chile in 1893 and 1894; president of the Anti-Imperialist League 1898-1905; died in Groton, Middlesex County, Mass., February 27, 1905; interment in Groton Cemetery.

SWEENY, George, a Representative from Ohio; born near Gettysburg, Pa., February 22, 1796; pursued academic studies and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Gettysburg in 1820; moved to Bucyrus, Crawford County, Ohio, in 1830; prosecuting attorney of Crawford County in 1838; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; resumed the practice of his profession; moved to Geneseo, Henry County, Ill., in 1853, and continued the practice of law; returned to Bucyrus, Ohio, in 1856; was again elected prosecuting attorney of Crawford County; retired from the practice of his profession and engaged in literary and scientific pursuits; died in Bucyrus, Ohio, October 10, 1877; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

GARRISON, George Tankard, a Representative from Virginia; born in Accomack County, Va., January 14, 1835; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1853 and from the law department of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., in 1857; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Accomac; served as a private in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; member of the State house of delegates 1861-1863; served in the State senate 1863-1865; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected judge of the eighth Virginia circuit in 1870 and subsequently judge of the seventeenth circuit; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1883); successfully contested the election of Robert M. Mayo to the Forty-eighth Congress and served from March 20, 1884, to March 3, 1885; resumed the practice of law; elected judge of the county court of Accomack County, Va.; died at Accomac, Va., November 14, 1889; interment in Edge Hill Cemetery.

CRAWFORD, George Walker, a Representative from Georgia; born in Columbia County, Ga., December 22, 1798; was graduated from Princeton College in 1820; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Augusta, Ga.; attorney general of the State 1827-1831; member of the State house of representatives 1837-1842; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard W. Habersham and served from January 7, 1843, to March 3, 1843; Governor of Georgia 1843-1847; appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Taylor and served from March 8, 1849, to July 23, 1850; presided over the State secession convention in 1861; died on his estate, “Bel Air,” near Augusta, Ga., July 27, 1872; interment in Summerville Cemetery.

JONES, George Wallace,  (brother-in-law of John Scott of Missouri), a Delegate from the Territory of Michigan and the Territory of Wisconsin and a Senator from Iowa; born in Vincennes, Ind., April 12, 1804; graduated from the Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1825; studied law; admitted to the bar; moved to Michigan Territory and located in Sinsinawa Mound, where he was a miner and storekeeper; served in the Black Hawk War; judge of the county court; elected as a Delegate from Michigan Territory to the Twenty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1835, until the Territory of Wisconsin was formed from a portion of Michigan Territory; his residence being in the new Territory, he was elected and qualified as a Delegate from the Territory of Wisconsin, serving until March 3, 1837; presented credentials as a Delegate-elect from the Territory of Wisconsin to the Twenty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1837, to January 14, 1839, when he was succeeded by James D. Doty, who contested his election; appointed surveyor of public lands for the Territories of Wisconsin and Iowa 1840-1848, when he resigned; elected in 1848 as a Democrat to the United States Senate as one of the first Senators from the State of Iowa; reelected in 1852 and served from December 7, 1848, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1858; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses), Committee on Pensions (Thirty-first through Thirty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-second through Thirty-fifth Congresses); appointed Minister Resident of the United States to New Granada 1859-1861; on his return to the United States was arrested in New York City by order of Secretary of State William Seward on the charge of disloyalty, based on correspondence with his friend Jefferson Davis; was imprisoned for sixty-four days, when he was released by order of President Abraham Lincoln; retired from public life; returned to Dubuque, Iowa, and died there July 22, 1896; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery at Key West, Dubuque, Iowa.

GORDON, George Washington, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Pulaski, Giles County, Tenn., October 5, 1836; received a collegiate training and was graduated from the Western Military Institute, Nashville, Tenn., in 1859; practiced civil engineering until the beginning of the Civil War; enlisted in the military service of the Confederacy; was drillmaster of the Eleventh Regiment, Tennessee Infantry; was successively a captain, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and brigadier general, and served until the close of the war; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Memphis, Tenn., until 1883; appointed one of the railroad commissioners of Tennessee; received an appointment in the Department of the Interior, 1885, as special Indian agent in Arizona and Nevada and served until 1889; returned to Memphis, Tenn.; resumed the practice of law; superintendent of the Memphis city schools 1889-1907; elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1907, until his death in Memphis, Tenn., on August 9, 1911; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

McCRARY, George Washington, a Representative from Iowa; born near Evansville, Vanderburg County, Ind., August 29, 1835; moved to the Territory of Iowa in 1836 with his parents, who settled in Van Buren County; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Keokuk, Iowa; member of the State house of representatives in 1857; served in the State senate in 1861-1865; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1877); chairman, Committee on Elections (Forty-second Congress), Committee on Railways and Canals (Forty-third Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Hayes from March 12, 1877, to December 11, 1879, when he resigned; served as United States judge of the eighth judicial circuit 1880-1884; moved to Kansas City, Mo.; became general counsel for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co. in 1884; died in St. Joseph, Mo., June 23, 1890; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Keokuk, Iowa.

SMITH, Gerrit, a Representative from New York; born in Utica, N.Y., March 6, 1797; moved to Peterboro in 1806; attended an academy in Clinton, N.Y.; was graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., in 1818; studied law; engaged in the management of a large estate which he inherited; delegate to the State conventions in 1824 and 1828; unsuccessful Liberty Party candidate for governor in 1840; unsuccessful presidential candidate in 1848; was admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Peterboro, N.Y.; elected as a Free-Soil candidate to the Thirty-third Congress and served from March 4, 1853, until August 7, 1854, when he resigned; resumed the practice of his profession, and was a publicist and philanthropist; he revived the Anti-Dramshop Party, but was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872 and supported Grant; died in New York City December 28, 1874; interment in Peterboro Cemetery, Peterboro, Madison County, N.Y.

SMITH, Green Clay, (son of John Speed Smith), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Richmond, Madison County, Ky., July 4, 1826; pursued academic studies; served in the Mexican War; commissioned second lieutenant in the First Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, June 9, 1846; was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1849; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Covington, Ky.; was school commissioner 1853-1857; member of the State house of representatives 1861-1863; commissioned colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, April 4, 1862; brigadier general of Volunteers July 2, 1862; resigned December 1, 1863; brevetted major general of Volunteers March 13, 1865; elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, until his resignation in 1866; chairman, Committee on Militia (Thirty-ninth Congress); appointed by President Johnson as Governor of Montana Territory and served from July 13, 1866, until April 9, 1869, when he resigned; moved to Washington, D.C., where he was ordained to the Baptist ministry; was the candidate of the National Prohibition Party in 1876 for President of the United States; pastor of the Metropolitan Baptist Church in Washington, D.C., from 1890 until his death, June 29, 1895; interment in Arlington National Cemetery.

DODGE, Grenville Mellen, a Representative from Iowa; born in Danvers, Essex County, Mass., April 12, 1831; attended the Danvers public schools and Durham Academy, New Hampshire; was graduated as a civil engineer from Norwich University, Vermont, in 1851; moved to Iowa and settled in Council Bluffs; member of the city council of Council Bluffs in 1860; entered the Union Army as colonel of the Fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry on July 6, 1861; promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers March 21, 1862, and major general June 7, 1864; resigned from the Army May 30, 1866; chief engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad 1866-1870; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1869); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1868; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868, 1872, and 1876; settled in New York City; president of the commission to inquire into the management of the war with Spain; died in Council Bluffs, Iowa, January 3, 1916; interment in Walnut Hill Cemetery.

FISH, Hamilton, (father of Hamilton Fish [1849-1936], grandfather of Hamilton Fish [1888-1991], and great-grandfather of Hamilton Fish, Jr. [1926-1996]), a Representative and a Senator from New York; born in New York City August 3, 1808; attended Doctor Bancel’s French School, New York City; graduated from Columbia College, New York City, in 1827; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and practiced in New York City; commissioner of deeds for the city and county of New York 1832-1833; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of law; lieutenant governor of New York 1848-1849; Governor of New York 1849-1850; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1851, to March 3, 1857; was not a candidate for reelection; president general of the Society of the Cincinnati from 1854 until his death; appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as one of the board of commissioners for the relief and exchange of Union prisoners of war in the South; president of the New-York Historical Society 1867-1869; appointed by President Ulysses Grant as Secretary of State 1869-1877; resumed the practice of law and managed his large real estate holdings in New York City; died in Garrison, N.Y., September 7, 1893; interment in the cemetery of St. Philip’s Church-in-the-Highlands, Garrison, N.Y.

HAMLIN, Hannibal, a Representative and a Senator from Maine and a Vice President of the United States; born at Paris Hill, Oxford County, Maine, August 27, 1809; attended the district schools and Hebron Academy; took charge of the family farm and worked as a surveyor, compositor in a printing office, and school teacher; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1833 and practiced in Hampden, Penobscot County, until 1848; member, State house of representatives 1836-1841, 1847, and served as speaker in 1837, 1839, and 1840; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1847); chairman, Committee on Elections (Twenty-ninth Congress); unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1846; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1848 by the anti-slavery wing of the Democratic party to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Fairfield; reelected in 1850 and served from June 8, 1848, to January 7, 1857, when he resigned to become Governor; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Thirty-first through Thirty-fourth Congresses); Committee on Printing (Thirty-second Congress); left the Democratic Party in 1856; Governor of Maine January to February 1857, when he resigned; elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and served from March 4, 1857, until his resignation, effective January 17, 1861, to become vice president; elected Vice President of the United States on the ticket with Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865; appointed collector of the port of Boston in 1865 but resigned in 1866; again elected to the United States Senate in 1869; reelected in 1875 and served from March 4, 1869, until March 3, 1881; was not a candidate for renomination; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Forty-first Congress), Committee on Manufactures (Forty-second Congress), Committee on Mines and Mining (Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses), Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Forty-fifth Congress); United States Minister to Spain from 1881 to 1882, when he resigned; devoted the remainder of his life to agricultural pursuits; died in Bangor, Maine, July 4, 1891; interment in Mount Hope Cemetery.

WISE, Henry Alexander,  (father of John Sergeant Wise and Richard Alsop Wise and uncle of George Douglas Wise), a Representative from Virginia; born in Drummondtown, Accomack County, Va., December 3, 1806; was privately tutored until his twelfth year and then entered Margaret Academy, near Pungoteague, Accomack County; was graduated from Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1825; studied law in Winchester, Va.; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn.; returned to Virginia in 1830; held several local offices; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses, as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth through Twenty-seventh Congresses, and as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1833, until his resignation on February 12, 1844; chairman, Committee on Naval Affairs (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); was appointed Minister to France in 1843, but was not confirmed; Minister to Brazil 1844-1847; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850; Governor of Virginia 1856-1860; delegate to the Virginia Convention, 1861; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; resumed the practice of law in Richmond, Henrico County, Va.; served on the commission to fix the boundary line between Virginia and Maryland; died in Richmond, Va., September 12, 1876; interment in Hollywood Cemetery.

ANTHONY, Henry Bowen, a Senator from Rhode Island; born in Coventry, R.I., April 1, 1815; attended a private school in Providence, R.I.; graduated from Brown University in 1833; editor of the Providence Journal in 1838, and afterwards became one of its owners; elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849 and reelected in 1850; declined to be a candidate for renomination; resumed editorial pursuits; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1858, reelected in 1864, 1870, 1876 and 1882, and served from March 4, 1859, until his death in Providence, R.I., on September 2, 1884; President pro tempore of the Senate (Forty-first to Forty-third Congresses); chairman, Republican Conference (Thirty-seventh to Forty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Printing (Thirty-seventh to Forty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Forty-second and Forty-eighth Congresses); interment in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence.

CLAY, Henry,  (father of James Brown Clay), a Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born in the district known as “the Slashes,” Hanover County, Va., April 12, 1777; attended the public schools; studied law in Richmond, Va.; admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in Lexington, Ky.; member, State house of representatives 1803; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Adair and served from November 19, 1806, to March 3, 1807, despite being younger than the constitutional age limit of thirty years; member, State house of representatives 1808-1809, and served as speaker in 1809; again elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Buckner Thruston and served from January 4, 1810, to March 3, 1811; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, to January 19, 1814, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses); appointed one of the commissioners to negotiate the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1814; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Congresses (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1821); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses); elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses and served from March 3, 1823, to March 6, 1825, when he resigned; again served as Speaker of the House of Representatives (Eighteenth Congress); appointed Secretary of State by President John Quincy Adams 1825-1829; elected as a National Republican to the United States Senate on November 10, 1831, to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1831; reelected as a Whig in 1836 and served from November 10, 1831, until March 31, 1842, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Finance (Twenty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Democratic Republican Party in 1824, of the National Republican Party in 1832, and of the Whig Party in 1844; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1849, until his death in Washington, D.C., June 29, 1852; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, July 1, 1852; funeral services held in the Senate Chamber; interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, Ky.

BURNETT, Henry Cornelius, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Essex County, Va., October 5, 1825; moved with his parents to Kentucky in early childhood; attended the common schools and an academy at Hopkinsville, Christian County; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Cadiz, Ky.; clerk of the Trigg County circuit court 1851-1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1855, to December 3, 1861, when he was expelled for support of secession; colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Kentucky Infantry, in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; president of the Kentucky Southern Conference in Russellville, October 29, 1861, and of the sovereignty convention in Russellville, November 18, which passed an ordinance of secession and organized a State government; Representative from Kentucky to the Provisional Confederate Congress and served from November 18, 1861, to February 17, 1862; elected as a Senator from Kentucky to the First and Second Confederate Congresses and served from February 19, 1862, to February 18, 1865; resumed the practice of law; died in Hopkinsville, Ky., October 1, 1866; interment in East End Cemetery, Cadiz, Trigg County, Ky.

RAYMOND, Henry Jarvis, a Representative from New York; born in Lima, Livingston County, N.Y., January 24, 1820; attended the common schools; was graduated from the University of Vermont at Burlington in 1840; moved to New York City and studied law; engaged in journalism; was connected with the New York Tribune 1841-1848, with the Courier and Enquirer 1848-1850, and with Harper’s Magazine in 1850; member of the State assembly in 1850 and 1851 and served as speaker in the latter year; established the New York Times in 1851; delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1852; Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1854; declined a renomination; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; again a member of the State assembly in 1862 and served as speaker; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1866; resumed newspaper activities with the New York Times; died in New York City June 18, 1869; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

SHAW, Henry Marchmore, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Newport, R.I., November 20, 1819; completed preparatory studies; was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1838 and began practice in Indiantown, Camden County, N.C.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-fourth Congress; elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Thirty-sixth Congress; served as a colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and was killed near New Bern, N.C., November 1, 1864; interment in the cemetery at Shawboro, Currituck County, N.C.

LANE, Henry Smith, a Representative and a Senator from Indiana; born near Sharpsburg, Bath County, Ky., February 24, 1811; received a classical education from private tutors; studied law; admitted to the bar in Mount Sterling, Ky., in 1832 and commenced practice at Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1834; member, State senate 1837; member, State house of representatives 1838-1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Tilghman A. Howard; reelected to the Twenty-seventh Congress and served from August 3, 1840, to March 3, 1843; served in the Mexican War at the head of a company he had raised; rose to lieutenant colonel of the First Indiana Regiment; abandoned the profession of law and engaged in the banking business at Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1854; elected Governor of Indiana in 1860; was inaugurated January 14, 1861, and served just two days, when, by previous arrangement, he was elected to the Senate; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1867; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-seventh through Thirty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Pensions (Thirty-ninth Congress); served as special Indian commissioner 1869-1871; commissioner for improvement of the Mississippi River in 1872; died in Crawfordsville, Ind., June 18, 1881; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

FOOTE, Henry Stuart, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Fauquier County, Va., February 28, 1804; pursued classical studies; graduated from Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., in 1819; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1823 and commenced practice in Tuscumbia, Ala., in 1825; moved to Mississippi in 1826 and practiced law in Jackson, Natchez, Vicksburg, and Raymond; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1847, until January 8, 1852, when he resigned to become Governor; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses); Governor of Mississippi 1852-1854; moved to California in 1854; returned to Vicksburg, Miss., in 1858; member of the Southern convention held at Knoxville in 1859; moved to Tennessee and settled near Nashville; elected to the First and Second Confederate Congresses; afterwards moved to Washington, D.C., and practiced law; appointed by President Rutherford Hayes superintendent of the mint at New Orleans 1878-1880; author; died in Nashville, Tenn., on May 20, 1880; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery.

SLOCUM, Henry Warner, a Representative from New York; born in Delphi, Onondaga County, N.Y., September 24, 1827; was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and commissioned as a second lieutenant, First Artillery, July 1, 1852; served in the Seminole War and was promoted to first lieutenant March 3, 1855; resigned his commission October 31, 1856; settled in Syracuse, N.Y.; studied law while in the Army; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced in Syracuse, N.Y.; member of the State assembly in 1859; entered the Union Army as colonel of the Twenty-eighth New York Volunteers in May 1861; promoted to major general and resigned his commission September 28, 1865, and settled in Brooklyn, N.Y., where he continued the practice of law; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for secretary of state of New York; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of law; was appointed president of the department of city works in 1876; elected as a Representative at Large from New York to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); died in Brooklyn, N.Y., April 14, 1894; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

HILLIARD, Henry Washington, a Representative from Alabama; born in Fayetteville, Cumberland County, N.C., on August 4, 1808; was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1826; studied law; moved to Athens, Ga., where he was admitted to the bar in 1829; professor in the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa from 1831 to 1834, when he resigned to practice law in Montgomery, Ala.; member of the State house of representatives 1836-1838; member of the Whig National Convention at Harrisburg, Pa., in 1839; Whig presidential elector in 1840; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840; Chargé d’Affaires to Belgium from May 12, 1842, to August 15, 1844; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1851); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; presidential elector on the National American ticket in 1856; during the Civil War served as brigadier general in the Confederate Army; moved to Augusta, Ga., in 1865 and resumed the practice of his profession; appointed by Jefferson Davis Confederate commissioner to Tennessee; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1876 to the Forty-fifth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Augusta, Ga., moving later to Atlanta; Minister to Brazil 1877-1881; died in Atlanta, Ga., December 17, 1892; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Montgomery, Ala.

WATTERSON, Henry,  (son of Harvey Magee Watterson and nephew of Stanley Matthews), a Representative from Kentucky; born in Washington, D.C., February 16, 1840; completed preparatory studies under private tutors; attended the Academy of the Diocese of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pa.; engaged in newspaper work as correspondent and editorial writer; his first newspaper employment was on the Washington States, a Democratic paper, 1858-1861; became editor of the Republican Banner in Nashville, Tenn., in 1861; during the Civil War entered the Confederate service; aide to Gen. N.B. Forrest; was on the staff of Gen. Leonidas Polk; chief of scouts in Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s army; edited the Chattanooga Rebel in 1862 and 1863; resumed newspaper pursuits in Nashville after the war; moved to Louisville, Ky., in 1867 and purchased the Louisville Journal, consolidated it with the Courier, and served as editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal for fifty years; temporary chairman of the Democratic National Convention in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward Y. Parsons and served from August 12, 1876, to March 3, 1877; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1880, 1884, 1888, and 1892; died in Jacksonville, Fla., December 22, 1921; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Ky.

WILSON, Henry, a Senator from Massachusetts and a Vice President of the United States; born Jeremiah Jones Colbath in Farmington, N.H., February 16, 1812; worked on a farm; attended the common schools; had his name legally changed by the legislature to Henry Wilson in 1833; moved to Natick, Mass., in 1833 and learned the shoemaker’s trade; attended the Strafford, Wolfsboro, and Concord Academies for short periods; taught school in Natick, Mass., where he later engaged in the manufacture of shoes; member of the State legislature between 1841 and 1852; owner and editor of the Boston Republican 1848-1851; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1853; unsuccessful candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 1853; elected in 1855 to the United States Senate by a coalition of Free Soilers, Americans, and Democrats to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward Everett; reelected as a Republican in 1859, 1865, and 1871, and served from January 31, 1855, to March 3, 1873, when he resigned to become Vice President; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs and the Militia (Thirty-seventh through Fortieth Congresses), Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); in 1861 he raised and commanded the Twenty-second Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry; elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with President Ulysses Grant and served from March 4, 1873, until his death in the Capitol Building, Washington, D.C., November 22, 1875; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, November 25-26, 1875; interment in Old Dell Park Cemetery, Natick, Mass.

DAVIS, Henry Winter,  (cousin of David Davis), a Representative from Maryland; born in Annapolis, Md., August 16, 1817; was tutored privately; lived in Alexandria, Va. and Wilmington; returned to Maryland in 1827 with his father, who settled in Anne Arundel County; attended Wilmington College in 1826 and 1827; St. John’s College, Annapolis, Md., and Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia; was graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in 1837; studied law at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Alexandria, Va.; in 1850 moved to Baltimore, Md., where he continued the practice of law and also engaged in literary pursuits; elected as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1861); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-eighth Congress); co-sponsor of the Wade-Davis bill of 1864; was not a candidate for renomination in 1864; died in Baltimore, Md., on December 30, 1865; interment in Greenmount Cemetery.

JOHNSON, Herschel Vespasian, a Senator from Georgia; born near Farmer’s Bridge, Burke County, Ga., September 18, 1812; attended private schools and Monaghan Academy near Warrenton; graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1834; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice; moved to a plantation, “Sandy Grove,” in Jefferson County in 1839 and practiced law in Louisville; unsuccessful Democratic candidate in 1843 for election to fill a vacancy in the Twenty-eighth Congress; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket 1844; moved to Milledgeville, Ga., in 1844 and continued the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for nomination as Governor in 1847; appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter T. Colquitt and served from February 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849; was not a candidate for election to fill this vacancy; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirtieth Congress); judge of the superior court of the Ocmulgee circuit 1849-1853; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket 1852; Governor of Georgia 1853-1857; returned to his plantation near Louisville, Jefferson County, in 1857; unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States on the Douglas Democratic ticket in 1860; delegate to the State secession convention at Milledgeville in 1861; a Senator from Georgia in the Second Confederate Congress 1862-1865; president of the State constitutional convention in 1865; presented credentials in 1866 as a Senator-elect to the United States Senate but was not permitted to qualify; resumed the practice of law in Louisville; appointed judge of the middle circuit of Georgia in 1873 and served until his death on his plantation near Louisville, Ga., August 16, 1880; interment in the Old Louisville Cemetery.

BELL, Hiram Parks, a Representative from Georgia; born near Jefferson, Jackson County, Ga., January 19, 1827; attended the public schools at Cumming, Forsyth County, Ga.; taught school for two years, during which time he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Cumming; member of the secession convention in 1861 and opposed the secession ordinance; commissioner from Georgia to solicit the cooperation of Tennessee in the formation of a southern confederacy; member of the State senate in 1861, but resigned to enter the Confederate Army; during the Civil War was commissioned captain and later promoted to lieutenant colonel and colonel of the Forty-third Georgia Regiment; member of the Second Confederate Congress in 1864 and 1865; member of the Democratic State executive committee 1868-1871; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; was chosen a member of the Democratic National Committee from the State at large; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Benjamin H. Hill and served from March 13, 1877, to March 3, 1879; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878; member of the State house of representatives in 1898 and 1899; served in the State senate in 1900 and 1901; died in Atlanta, Ga., August 17, 1907; interment in Cumming Cemetery, Cumming, Ga.

REVELS, Hiram Rhodes, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Fayetteville, Cumberland County, N.C., on September 27, 1827; attended Beech Grove Quaker Seminary in Liberty, Ind., Darke County Seminary in Ohio, and Knox College, Galesburg, Ill.; barber; ordained a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church at Baltimore, Md., in 1845; carried on religious work in Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri; accepted a pastorate in Baltimore, Md., in 1860; at the outbreak of the Civil War assisted in recruiting two regiments of African American troops in Maryland; served in Vicksburg, Miss., as chaplain of a Negro regiment, and organized African American churches in that State; established a school for freedmen in St. Louis, Mo., in 1863; after the war, served in churches in Kansas, Kentucky and Louisiana before settling in Natchez, Miss., in 1866; elected alderman in 1868; member, Mississippi State senate 1870; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate; presented his credentials upon the readmission of Mississippi to representation on February 23, 1870; took the oath of office on February 25, 1870, after the Senate resolved a challenge to his credentials, and served from February 23, 1870 until March 3, 1871; first African American Senator; secretary of State ad interim of Mississippi in 1873; president of Alcorn University (formerly Oakland College), Rodney, Miss., 1876-1874, 1876-1882; moved to Holly Springs, Marshall County, Miss., and continued his religious work; editor, Southwestern Christian Advocate, official newspaper of A.M.E. Church 1876-1882; in retirement after 1882, taught theology at Shaw University, Holly Springs, Miss.; died from a paralytic stroke in Aberdeen, Miss., January 16, 1901; interment in Hill Crest Cemetery, Holly Springs, Miss.

STRAIT, Horace Burton, a Representative from Minnesota; born in Potter County, Pa., January 26, 1835; attended the common schools; moved with his parents to Indiana in 1846; settled near Jordan, Minn., in 1855 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; moved to Shakopee, Minn., in 1860 and conducted a general store; entered the Union Army in 1862 as captain in the Ninth Regiment, Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, being promoted to major in 1864; served at the close of the war as inspector general on the staff of General McArthur; honorably discharged in 1865; trustee of Minnesota Hospital for the Insane in 1866; mayor of Shakopee in 1870, 1871, and 1872; engaged in mercantile pursuits, manufacturing, and banking; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; elected to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Militia (Forty-seventh Congress); resumed banking at Shakopee and also engaged in agricultural pursuits; died February 25, 1894, on a train at Juarez, Mexico, en route to the United States; interment in Valley Cemetery, Shakopee, Minn.

GREELEY, Horace, a Representative from New York; born in Amherst, N.H., February 3, 1811; attended the public schools; apprenticed to the art of printing in East Poultney, Vt., 1826-1830; worked as a journeyman printer in Erie, Pa., in 1831, and later in New York City; commenced the publication of the Morning Post January 1, 1833, but it was soon discontinued; published the New Yorker 1834-1841; edited the Log Cabin in 1840; founded the New York Tribune April 10, 1841, and edited it until his death; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the unseating of David S. Jackson and served from December 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849; was not a candidate for reelection in 1848; visited Europe in 1851 and was chairman of one of the juries at the World’s Fair in London; commissioner to the Paris Exposition in 1855; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 from Oregon, being denied a place on the New York delegation; unsuccessful candidate for Senator in 1861; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1867; at the close of the Civil War advocated universal amnesty, and in May 1867 offered bail for Jefferson Davis; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; nominated by the Liberal Republicans in Cincinnati in 1872 and by the Democrats in Baltimore for the Presidency, but was defeated by Grant; died near New York City November 29, 1872; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.

COBB, Howell, (nephew of Howell Cobb [1772-1818]), a Representative from Georgia; born at “Cherry Hill,” Jefferson County, Ga., September 7, 1815; moved with his father to Athens, Ga., in childhood; was graduated from Franklin College (then a part of the University of Georgia), at Athens in 1834; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Athens, Ga., in 1836; solicitor general of the western judicial circuit of Georgia 1837-1841; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Mileage (Twenty-eighth Congress); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-first Congress); Governor of Georgia 1851-1853; elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Buchanan and served from March 6, 1857, to December 10, 1860, when he resigned; chairman of the convention of delegates from the seceded States which assembled in Montgomery, Ala., on February 24, 1861, to form a Confederate Government; appointed a brigadier general in the Confederate Army February 13, 1862, and promoted to major general September 9, 1863; surrendered at Macon, Ga., April 20, 1864; died in New York City October 9, 1868; interment in Oconee Cemetery, Athens, Clarke County, Ga.

DUVAL, Isaac Harding, a Representative from West Virginia; born in Wellsburg, Brooke County, Va. (now West Virginia), September 1, 1824; attended the common schools; as a youth he went to Fort Smith, Ark., and joined an elder brother, who was conducting a trading post; became a scout on the Western Plains; crossed the Plains in 1849 for the gold fields of California; was a member of the Lopez expedition to Cuba in an attempt to aid the Cubans in gaining national independence; returned to Virginia in 1853 and engaged in mercantile pursuits at Wellsburg; during the Civil War was commissioned major of the First Regiment, West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, June 1, 1861; successively promoted to colonel of the Ninth Regiment, brigadier general, and brevet major general; member of the State senate 1867-1869; adjutant general of West Virginia, 1867-1869; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1871); declined to be candidate for renomination in 1870; United States assessor of internal revenue in 1871 and 1872; collector of internal revenue for the first district of West Virginia 1872-1884; member of the State house of delegates 1887-1889; died in Wellsburg, W.Va., July 10, 1902; interment in Brooke Cemetery.

TOUCEY, Isaac, a Representative and a Senator from Connecticut; born in Newtown, Fairfield County, Conn., November 15, 1792; pursued classical studies; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1818 and began practice in Hartford, Conn.; prosecuting attorney of Hartford County 1822-1835; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1835-March 3, 1839); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; prosecuting attorney of Hartford County 1842-1844; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Connecticut in 1845, but was elected to that office by the legislature in 1846; defeated for Governor in 1847; appointed Attorney General of the United States in the Cabinet of President James K. Polk 1848-1849; member, State senate 1850; member, State house of representatives 1852; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate for the term commencing March 4, 1851, and served from May 12, 1852, to March 3, 1857; declined to be a candidate for reelection; appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President James Buchanan 1857-1861; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Hartford, Hartford County, Conn., July 30, 1869; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery.

HARRIS, Isham Green, a Representative and a Senator from Tennessee; born near Tullahoma, Franklin County, Tenn., February 10, 1818; attended the common schools and Winchester Academy; moved to Paris, Tenn., to become a store clerk; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Paris, Henry County, Tenn., in 1841; member, State senate 1847; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1852; chairman, Committee on Invalid Pensions (Thirty-second Congress); moved to Memphis in 1853 and resumed the practice of law; elected Governor of Tennessee in 1857, 1859, and 1861, and committed Tennessee to the Confederate cause; served in the Confederate Army for the last three years of the Civil War; after the Civil War, fled first to Mexico, then to England; returned to Tennessee and resumed the practice of law in Memphis; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1877; reelected in 1883, 1889, and 1895 and served from March 4, 1877, until his death; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Fifty-third Congress; chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Forty-sixth and Fifty-third Congresses), Committee on Epidemic Diseases (Forty-ninth through Fifty-second Congresses), Committee on Private Land Claims (Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses); died in Washington, D.C., July 8, 1897; funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Memphis, Tenn.

WASHBURN, Israel, Jr.,  (brother of Elihu Benjamin Washburne, Cadwallader Colden Washburn, and William Drew Washburn), a Representative from Maine; born in Livermore, Androscoggin County, Maine, June 6, 1813; attended the common schools and was educated by private tutors; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Orono, Penobscot County, Maine; member of the State house of representatives in 1842 and 1843; unsuccessful candidate for the Thirty-first Congress in 1848; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses, as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1851, to January 1, 1861, when he resigned, having been elected Governor; chairman, Committee on Elections (Thirty-fourth Congress); Governor of Maine in 1861 and 1862; declined to be a candidate for renomination; appointed by President Lincoln as collector of customs at Portland, Maine, and served from October 31, 1863, until March 16, 1877, when he resigned; served as president of the board of trustees of Tufts College, Medford, Mass.; engaged in literary pursuits; died in Philadelphia, Pa., on May 12, 1883; interment in Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Maine.

CURRY, Jabez Lamar Monroe, a Representative from Alabama; born near Double Branches, Lincoln County, Ga., June 5, 1825; moved with his father to Talladega County, Ala., in 1838; was graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1843; studied law at Harvard University; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Talladega County in 1845; served in the war with Mexico as a private in the Texas Rangers in 1846, but resigned because of ill health; member of the State house of representatives in 1847, 1853, and 1855; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, to January 21, 1861, when he withdrew; deputy from Alabama to the Provisional Confederate Congress and a Representative in the First Confederate Congress; during the Civil War served as lieutenant colonel of Cavalry in the Confederate Army; after the war became a Baptist preacher; chosen president of Howard College, Alabama, in 1865; professor in Richmond College, Virginia, 1868-1881; agent of the Peabody and States Funds from 1881 until his death; appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain on October 7, 1885, and served until August 6, 1888, when he resigned; appointed Ambassador Extraordinary on special mission to Spain (the coming of age of the King) February 3, 1902; died in Victoria, near Asheville, N.C., February 12, 1903; interment in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.

COLLAMER, Jacob, a Representative and a Senator from Vermont; born in Troy, N.Y., January 8, 1791; moved with his father to Burlington, Vt.; attended the common schools, and graduated from the University of Vermont at Burlington in 1810; served in the War of 1812; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1813 and practiced in Woodstock, Vt., from 1813 to 1833; member, State house of representatives 1821, 1822, 1827, 1828; State’s attorney for Windsor County 1822-1824; judge of the superior court 1833-1842; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-eighth Congress), Committee on Public Lands (Thirtieth Congress); appointed Postmaster General by President Zachary Taylor 1849-1850; again judge of the superior court of Vermont 1850-1854; elected in 1855 as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1861 and served from March 4, 1855, until his death in Woodstock, Windsor County, Vt., November 9, 1865; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-fourth Congress), Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-seventh through Thirty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Library (Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses); interment in River Street Cemetery.

CAMPBELL, Jacob Miller, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born at “White Horse,” near Somerset, Allegheny Township, Somerset County, Pa., November 20, 1821; moved with his parents to Allegheny City, Pa., in 1826; attended the public schools; learned the art of printing in the office of the Somerset Whig; later was connected with a magazine-publishing company in Pittsburgh and with leading newspapers in New Orleans, La.; engaged in steamboating on the lower Mississippi River 1814-1847 and in gold mining in California in 1851; aided in the building of the Cambria Iron Works in Johnstown, Pa., in 1853, and was employed by that company until 1861, when he resigned; delegate to the first Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1856; served in the Union Army as first lieutenant and quartermaster of Company G, Third Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; recruited the Fifty-fourth Regiment of Infantry and was commissioned its colonel February 27, 1862; brevetted brigadier general March 13, 1865; returned to Johnstown, Pa.; surveyor general (later secretary of internal affairs) of Pennsylvania 1865-1871; declined a renomination; engaged in mechanical and other industrial pursuits; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; elected to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1887); chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Forty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886; financially interested in banking and in the manufacture of steel; chairman of the Republican State convention in 1887; died in Johnstown, Cambria County, Pa., September 27, 1888; interment in Grand View Cemetery.

THOMPSON, Jacob, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Leasburg, Caswell County, N.C., May 15, 1810; attended the public schools and Bingham Academy in Orange County; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1831; member of the faculty of the University of North Carolina in 1831 and 1832; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Pontotoc, Miss., in 1835; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-ninth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; appointed to the United States Senate in 1845, but never received the commission; appointed Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Buchanan and served from March 6, 1857, to January 8, 1861, when he resigned; served as inspector general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; confidential agent of the Confederacy to Canada in 1864 and 1865; settled in Memphis, Tenn., in 1868 and managed the affairs of his extensive holdings; died in Memphis, Tenn., March 24, 1885; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

GARFIELD, James Abram, a Representative from Ohio and 20th President of the United States; born in Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831; attended district school; driver and helmsman on the Ohio Canal; entered Geauga Seminary, Chester, Ohio, in March 1849; attended the Eclectic Institute, Hiram, Ohio, 1851-1854; graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., 1858; teacher; professor of ancient languages and literature in Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio; president of Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio, 1857-1861; member of the Ohio state senate 1859; lawyer, private practice; Union Army, Ohio Volunteer Infantry 1861-1863; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the eight succeeding Congresses; chair, Committee on Military Affairs (Fortieth Congress); chair, Committee on Banking and Currency (Forty-First Congress); chair, Committee on Appropriations (Forty-Second and Forty-Third Congresses); member of the Electoral Commission created by act of Congress approved January 29, 1877, to decide the contests in various States in the presidential election of 1876; elected to the United States Senate on January 13, 1880, for the term beginning March 4, 1881, but declined to accept having been elected President of the United States on November 4, 1880; elected the twentieth President of the United States in 1880 and served from March 4, 1881, until his death on September 19, 1881, in Elberon, N.J., from the effects of an assassin’s attack on July 2, 1881, in Washington, D.C.; interment in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.

SEDDON, James Alexander, a Representative from Virginia; born in Falmouth, Va., July 13, 1815; studied under private tutors and was graduated from the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1835; was admitted to the bar about 1838 and commenced practice in Richmond, Va.; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1846; elected to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); declined to be a candidate for renomination; member of the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; delegate from Virginia to the Provisional Confederate Congress at Richmond, Va., in July 1861; appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of the Confederate States on November 20, 1862; retired in January 1865; died at “Sabot Hill,” Goochland County, Va., August 19, 1880; interment in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.

WALKER, James Alexander,  (great grandfather of Manley C. Butler), a Representative from Virginia; born near Mount Meridian, Augusta County, Va., August 27, 1832; attended private schools, and was graduated from Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va., in 1852; studied law in the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1854 and 1855; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Newbern, Pulaski County, Va., in 1856; attorney for the Commonwealth in 1860; entered the Confederate Army in April 1861 as captain of the Pulaski Guards, afterwards Company C, Fourth Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade; promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the Thirteenth Virginia Infantry in July 1861, becoming colonel in March 1862; was promoted to brigadier general and assigned as commander of the Stonewall Brigade in May 1863; member of the house of delegates of Virginia in 1871 and 1872; elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in 1877; until 1893 was a member of the Democratic Party; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895-March 3, 1899); chairman, Committee on Elections No. 3 (Fifty-fifth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Wytheville, Wythe County, Va., October 21, 1901; interment in East End Cemetery.

BAYARD, James Asheton, Jr.,  (son of James Asheton Bayard, Sr., brother of Richard Henry Bayard, grandson of Richard Bassett, father of Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr., and grandfather of Thomas Francis Bayard, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Wilmington, Del., November 15, 1799; pursued classical studies; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Wilmington; United States district attorney for Delaware 1838-1843; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1851; reelected in 1857 and 1863 and served from March 4, 1851, to January 29, 1864, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-second Congress), Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on Public Buildings (Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Judiciary (Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Thirty-fifth Congress); resumed the practice of law in Wilmington; appointed in 1867 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George Read Riddle; was subsequently elected as a Democrat to that position and served from April 5, 1867, to March 3, 1869; was not a candidate for reelection; again resumed the practice of law; died in Wilmington, Del., June 13, 1880; interment in the Old Swedes Burial Ground.

WHITE, James Bain, a Representative from Indiana; born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, June 26, 1835; attended the common schools; immigrated to the United States in 1854; settled in Fort Wayne, Ind.; calico printer; tailor; Indiana Volunteers, Company I, Thirteenth Regiment, elected captain of the company and served until December 1862, when he resigned; wounded in the Battle of Shiloh April 7, 1862; elected a member of the common council of Fort Wayne, Ind., 1874; department store owner; manufactured wheels; banker; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1889); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Fifty-first Congress in 1888; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1892; commissioner to the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 1893; died on October 9, 1897, in Fort Wayne, Ind.; interment in Lindenwood Cemetery, Fort Wayne, Ind.

BELFORD, James Burns, (cousin of Joseph McCrum Belford), a Representative from Colorado; born in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pa., September 28, 1837; attended the common schools and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859; moved to California, Moniteau County, Mo., and commenced practice; moved to La Porte, La Porte County, Ind., in 1860; member of the State house of representatives in 1867; appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of Colorado in 1870 and moved to Central City; moved to Denver in 1883; upon the admission of Colorado as a State into the Union was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth Congress and served from October 3, 1876, until March 3, 1877; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1877, until December 13, 1877, when he was succeeded by Thomas M. Patterson, who contested his election; elected to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Forty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884; engaged in the practice of law in Denver, Colo., until his death there January 10, 1910; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

CHESNUT, James, Jr., a Senator from South Carolina; born near Camden, S.C., January 18, 1815; graduated from the law department of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1837; admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Camden, S.C.; member, State house of representatives 1842-1854; delegate to the southern convention at Nashville in 1850; served in the State senate 1854-1858; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Josiah J. Evans and served from December 3, 1858, until November 10, 1860, when he withdrew; expelled from the Senate in 1861 for support of the rebellion; delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in 1861; during the Civil War served as colonel in the Confederate Army; appointed brigadier general in 1864; resumed the practice of law in Camden, Kershaw County, S.C., and died there on February 1, 1885; interment in Knights Hill Cemetery, near Camden, S.C.

COOPER, James, a Representative and a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Frederick County, Md., May 8, 1810; pursued academic studies, and graduated from Washington (now Washington and Jefferson) College, Washington, Pa., in 1832; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Gettysburg, Pa.; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress); member, State house of representatives 1843-1844, 1846, 1848, and served as speaker one term; moved to Pottsville, Pa.; attorney general of Pennsylvania in 1848; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1855; moved to Philadelphia; authorized by President Abraham Lincoln to raise a brigade of loyal Marylanders, and commissioned brigadier general in 1861; served in West Virginia under General Frémont; appointed commandant at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, and died there March 28, 1863; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Frederick, Md.

DIXON, James, a Representative and a Senator from Connecticut; born in Enfield, Hartford County, Conn., August 5, 1814; pursued preparatory studies; graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1834; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Enfield, Conn.; member, State house of representatives 1837-1838, 1844, and served as speaker in 1837; moved to Hartford, Conn., in 1839 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1849); member, State house of representatives 1854; declined the nomination for Governor of Connecticut in 1854; unsuccessful candidate for United States Senator in 1854; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1856; reelected in 1863, and served from March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1869; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses), Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-ninth Congress); unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the United States Senate and the House of Representatives in 1868; appointed Minister to Russia in 1869 but declined; engaged in literary pursuits and extensive traveling until his death in Hartford, Conn., March 27, 1873; interment in Cedar Hill Cemetery.

BAILEY, James Edmund, a Senator from Tennessee; born in Montgomery County, Tenn., August 15, 1822; attended the Clarksville Academy and the University of Nashville; studied law; admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Clarksville, Montgomery County; elected as a Whig to the Tennessee house of representatives in 1853; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as colonel of the Forty-ninth Tennessee Regiment; appointed a member of the court of arbitration by the Governor of Tennessee in 1874; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew Johnson and served from January 19, 1877, to March 3, 1881; an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1880; chairman, Committee on Education and Labor (Forty-sixth Congress); resumed the practice of law; died in Clarksville, Tenn., December 29, 1885; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

BLAINE, James Gillespie, a Representative and a Senator from Maine; born in West Brownsville, Washington County, Pa., January 31, 1830; graduated from Washington College, Washington, Pa., in 1847; taught at the Western Military Institute, Blue Lick Springs, Ky.; returned to Pennsylvania; studied law; taught at the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind in Philadelphia 1852-1854; moved in 1854 to Maine, where he edited the Portland Advertiser and the Kennebec Journal; member, State house of representatives 1859-1862, serving the last two years as speaker; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to July 10, 1876, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Forty-first through Forty-third Congresses); chairman, Committee on Rules (Forty-third through Forty-fifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for nomination for President on the Republican ticket in 1876 and 1880; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lot M. Morrill; reelected and served from July 10, 1876, to March 5, 1881, when he resigned to become Secretary of State; chairman, Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment (Forty-fifth Congress), Committee on Rules (Forty-fifth Congress); Secretary of State in the Cabinets of Presidents James Garfield and Chester Arthur, from March 5 to December 12, 1881; unsuccessful Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1884; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Benjamin Harrison 1889-1892, when he resigned; aided in organizing and was the first president of the Pan American Congress; died in Washington, D.C., January 27, 1893; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery; reinterment at the request of the State of Maine in the Blaine Memorial Park, Augusta, Maine, in June 1920.

HARLAN, James, a Senator from Iowa; born in Clark County, Ill., August 26, 1820; at age four, moved with his family to Indiana; attended the rural schools, assisted his father in farming, and taught school until 1841, when he entered college; graduated from Indiana Asbury (now DePauw) University, Greencastle, Ind., in 1845; moved to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1845; superintendent of public instruction in 1847; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Iowa City; declined the Whig nomination for Governor of Iowa in 1850; president of Iowa Wesleyan University, Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 1853-1855; elected as a Free Soiler to the United States Senate in 1855, presented his credentials, and took his seat December 31, 1855; owing to irregularities in the legislative proceedings the Senate declared the seat vacant in January 1857; reelected as a Republican to fill the vacancy thus created; reelected in 1860 and served from January 29, 1857, until May 15, 1865, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet portfolio; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Thirty-seventh through Thirty-ninth Congresses); Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Andrew Johnson from May 15, 1865, until July 27, 1866, when he resigned; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1867, to March 3, 1873; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Fortieth Congress), Committee on Education (Fortieth Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); delegate to the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861, in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; unsuccessful candidate for the Senate and the governorship; presiding judge of the court of commissioners of Alabama claims 1882-1886; died in Mount Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa, on October 5, 1899; interment in Forest Home Cemetery.

LANE, James Henry,  (son of Amos Lane), a Representative from Indiana and a Senator from Kansas; born in Lawrenceburg, Ind., June 22, 1814; attended the public schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Lawrenceburg; member of the city council; served in the Mexican War; lieutenant governor of Indiana 1849-1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); moved to the Territory of Kansas in 1855; member of the Topeka constitutional convention 1855; elected to the United States Senate by the legislature that convened under the Topeka constitution in 1856, but the election was not recognized by the United States Senate; president of the Leavenworth constitutional convention in 1857; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1861; reelected in 1865 and served from April 4, 1861, until his death; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-eighth Congress); appointed by President Abraham Lincoln brigadier general of volunteers and saw battle during the Civil War; deranged and charged with financial irregularities, Lane shot himself on July 1, 1866, but lingered ten days, dying on July 11, near Fort Leavenworth, Kans.; interment in the City Cemetery, Lawrence, Kans.

CAMPBELL, James Hepburn, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pa., February 8, 1820; attended the common schools, and was graduated from the law department of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1841; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Pottsville, Pa.; delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1844; elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); was not a candidate for renomination in 1862; during the Civil War served as major of the Twenty-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry; appointed Minister to Sweden by President Lincoln in May 1864 and served until March 29, 1867; declined the diplomatic mission to Colombia in 1867; located in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1867 and continued the practice of law; died on his estate “Aeola,” near Wayne, Delaware County, Pa., April 12, 1895; interment in Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.

KELLY, James Kerr, a Senator from Oregon; born in Center County, Pa., February 16, 1819; attended the country schools and Milton and Lewisburg Academies; graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1839; studied law at Carlisle, Pa.; admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pa.; deputy attorney general for Mifflin County, Pa.; went to the California gold fields in 1849, and later, in 1851, to Oregon Territory and settled in Portland, where he engaged in the practice of law; one of three commissioners for the codification of the Territorial laws in 1852; member, Territorial legislature 1853-1857, and was twice its president; lieutenant colonel of the First Regiment, Oregon Mounted Volunteers, in the Yakima Indian War in 1855 and 1856; a member of the State constitutional convention in 1857; member, State senate 1860-1864; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1866 for Governor of Oregon; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1877; was not a candidate for reelection; chief justice of the State supreme court 1878-1882; resumed the practice of law in Portland, Oreg.; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1890 and continued the practice of law until his death there on September 15, 1903; interment in Rock Creek Cemetery.

POLK, James Knox, (brother of William Hawkins Polk), a Representative from Tennessee and 11th President of the United States; born near Little Sugar Creek, Mecklenburg County, N.C., November 2, 1795; moved to Tennessee in 1806 with his parents, who settled in what later became Maury County; attended the common schools and was tutored privately; graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1818; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1820 and commenced practice in Columbia, Tenn.; chief clerk of the state senate 1821-1823; member of the state house of representatives 1823-1825; elected as a Jacksonian to the Nineteenth through the Twenty-fourth Congresses and reelected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1825-March 3, 1839); chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Twenty-third Congress); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses); did not seek renomination in 1838 having become a candidate for governor; governor of Tennessee 1839-1841; elected as a Democrat as President of the United States in 1844; inaugurated on March 4, 1845, and served until March 3, 1849; declined to be a candidate for renomination; died in Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1849; interment within the grounds of the state capitol.

ORR, James Lawrence, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Craytonville, Anderson County, S.C., May 12, 1822; attended the public schools, and was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1842; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Anderson, S.C., in 1843; engaged in newspaper work; member of the State house of representatives 1844-1847; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1859); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirty-third Congress); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-fifth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1858; resumed the practice of law at Craytonville; member of the southern rights convention held in Charleston, S.C., in 1851; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston in 1860; member of the secession convention in 1860; one of three commissioners sent to Washington, D.C., to treat with the Federal Government for the surrender of the forts in Charleston Harbor; Member of the Confederate Senate in 1861; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; special commissioner sent to President Johnson to negotiate the establishment of provisional government for the State of South Carolina in 1865; member of the State constitutional convention in 1865; elected Governor of South Carolina as a Republican in 1866; president of the State convention at Columbia in July 1866; delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in August 1866; judge of the eighth judicial circuit 1868-1870; member of the Republican State convention in August 1872; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872; appointed by President Grant as Minister to Russia in December 1872; died in St. Petersburg, Russia, May 5, 1873; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Anderson, S.C.

ASHLEY, James Mitchell,  (great-grandfather of Thomas William Ludlow Ashley), a Representative from Ohio; born near Pittsburgh, Pa., November 14, 1824; instructed himself in elementary subjects while employed as a clerk on boats operating on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; editor of the Dispatch, and afterwards of the Democrat, in Portsmouth, Ohio; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 but never practiced; moved to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged in the wholesale drug business; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirty-seventh through Fortieth Congresses); unsuccessful Republican candidate for reelection in 1868 to the Forty-first Congress; delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists’ Convention in 1866; Governor of the Territory of Montana in 1869 and 1870; constructed the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern Railroad, and served as president from 1877 to 1893; died in Alma, Gratiot County, Mich., September 16, 1896; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery, Toledo, Ohio.

WAYNE, James Moore, a Representative from Georgia; born in Savannah, Ga., in 1790; completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Princeton College in 1808; studied law in New Haven, Conn.; was admitted to the bar in 1810 and commenced practice in Savannah, Ga.; entered the military service during the War of 1812, and served as an officer in the Georgia Hussars; member of the State house of representatives in 1815 and 1816; mayor of Savannah 1817-1819; judge of the court of common pleas and oyer and terminer of Savannah 1820-1822; judge of the superior court of Savannah from 1822 to 1828; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Congresses and served from March 4, 1829, to January 13, 1835, when he resigned to accept a judicial position; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-third Congress); had been reelected to the Twenty-fourth Congress; appointed as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and served from January 14, 1835, until his death in Washington, D.C., on July 5, 1867; interment in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Savannah, Chatham County, Ga.

MASON, James Murray, a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born on Analostan Island, Fairfax County, Va. (now Theodore Roosevelt Island, Washington, D.C.), November 3, 1798; studied under a private tutor and at an academy at Georgetown, D.C.; graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1818 and from the law department of William and Mary College at Williamsburg in 1820; admitted to the bar and practiced in Winchester, Va., in 1820 and 1821; delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention in 1829; member, State house of delegates 1826-1832, with the exception of 1827-1828; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1832; elected as a Jackson Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1839); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1847 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Isaac S. Pennybacker; reelected in 1850 and 1856 and served from January 21, 1847, until March 28, 1861, when he withdrew; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses; expelled from the Senate in 1861 for support of the rebellion; chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirtieth Congress), Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-first Congress), Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirty-second through Thirty-sixth Congresses), Committee on Naval Affairs (Thirty-second Congress); delegate from Virginia to the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy; appointed commissioner of the Confederacy to Great Britain and France and while on his way to his post was taken from the British mail steamer Trent November 8, 1861, and confined in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor; released in January 1862; proceeded to London and represented the Confederacy until its downfall in April 1865; resided in Canada after the close of the war until 1868, when he returned to Virginia; died at “Clarens,” near the city of Alexandria, Va, April 28, 1871; interment in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery, Alexandria, Va.

TYNER, James Noble, a Representative from Indiana; born in Brookville, Franklin County, Ind., January 17, 1826; pursued an academic course, and was graduated from Brookville Academy in 1844; spent ten years in business; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Peru, Ind.; secretary of the State senate 1857-1861; special agent of the Post Office Department 1861-1866; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Representative-elect Daniel D. Pratt; reelected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses and served from March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1875; appointed Second Assistant Postmaster General, serving from February 26, 1875, to July 12, 1876, and as Postmaster General from July 12, 1876, to March 3, 1877; appointed First Assistant Postmaster General, and served from March 16, 1877, until his resignation on October 29, 1881; delegate to the International Postal Congress at Paris in 1878 and at Washington in 1897; Assistant Attorney General for the Post Office Department from 1889 to 1893, and again from 1897 to 1903; died in Washington, D.C., December 5, 1904; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

ANDERSON, James Patton, a Delegate from the Territory of Washington; born near Winchester, Franklin County, Tenn., February 16, 1822; was graduated from Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1842; moved to Kentucky; studied law at Montrose Law School, Frankfort, Ky.; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Hernando, Miss., from 1842 to 1846; raised a company of volunteers for the Mexican War; elected lieutenant colonel of the Second Battalion, Mississippi Rifles, and served in that capacity until the close of the war; member of the State house of representatives in 1850; appointed United States marshal for the Territory of Washington in 1853 and settled in Olympia; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; appointed Governor of the Territory of Washington by President Buchanan in 1857, but declined the office; moved to his plantation, “Casabianca,” near Monticello, Fla., the same year; served in the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as colonel of the First Regiment, Florida Infantry; appointed brigadier general February 10, 1862; promoted to major general February 17, 1864, and assigned to the command of the district of Florida; after the close of the war settled in Memphis, Tenn., and conducted a publication devoted to agriculture; collector of delinquent State taxes for Shelby County; died in Memphis, Tenn., September 20, 1872; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

CHALMERS, James Ronald, (son of Joseph Williams Chalmers), a Representative from Mississippi; born near Lynchburg, Halifax County, Va., January 12, 1831; moved with his parents in 1835 to Jackson, Tenn., and in 1839 to Holly Springs, Miss.; attended St. Thomas Hall, Holly Springs, Miss., and was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1851; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice at Holly Springs; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1852; district attorney for the seventh judicial district of Mississippi in 1858; member of the secession convention of Mississippi in 1861; entered the Confederate Army as a captain in March 1861; elected colonel of the Ninth Mississippi Regiment in April 1861; promoted to the rank of brigadier general in February 1862; transferred to the Cavalry service in 1863; in command of the first division of Forrest’s cavalry corps; surrendered in May 1865; member of the State senate in 1876 and 1877; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1881); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1881, to April 29, 1882, when he was succeeded by John R. Lynch, who contested the election; elected as an Independent to the Forty-eighth Congress and, after a contest with Van H. Manning as to the legality of his election, took his seat June 25, 1884, and served until March 3, 1885; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1884 to the Forty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Memphis, Tenn., where he died April 9, 1898; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

SHIELDS, James, (nephew of James Shields [1762-1831]), a Senator from Illinois, Minnesota, and Missouri; born in Altmore, County Tyrone, Ireland, in either 1806 or 1810; attended a hedge school, private schools, and pursued classical studies; immigrated to the United States about 1826; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in Kaskaskia, Randolph County, Ill.; member, State house of representatives 1836; auditor of the State 1839; judge of the supreme court of Illinois 1843; Commissioner of the General Land Office 1845-1847; during the Mexican War was commissioned brigadier general of Volunteers in 1846, brevetted major general in 1847, and honorably discharged in 1848; appointed Governor of Oregon Territory by President James Polk in 1848 and resigned in 1849; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate from Illinois for the term commencing March 4, 1849; upon his appearance to take his seat on March 5, 1849, a resolution was presented raising the question of his eligibility; took his seat on March 6, 1849, but on March 15, 1849, the Senate declared his election void on the ground that he had not been a citizen of the United States the number of years required by the Constitution; immediately elected for the same term and served from October 27, 1849, to March 3, 1855, taking oath of office on December 3, 1849; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses), Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses); moved to Minnesota in 1855; upon the admission of Minnesota as a State into the Union was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from May 11, 1858, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-fifth Congress); moved to California; during the Civil War served in the Union Army as brigadier general of volunteers from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned and returned to California; moved to Carrollton, Mo., and resumed the practice of law; member, State house of representatives 1874, 1879; served as railroad commissioner; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate from Missouri on January 22, 1879, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lewis V. Bogy and served from January 27, 1879, to March 3, 1879; declined to be a candidate for renomination; died in Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa, June 1, 1879; interment in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Carrollton, Carroll County, Mo.

DENVER, James William,  (father of Matthew Rombach Denver), a Representative from California; born in Winchester, Va., October 23, 1817; attended the public schools; moved to Ohio in 1830 with his parents, who settled near Wilmington; taught school in Missouri in 1841; was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1844; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Xenia, Ohio; also published the Thomas Jefferson; moved to Platte City, Mo., in 1845 and continued the practice of law; served as captain in the Twelfth Regiment, United States Infantry, during the war with Mexico; moved to California in 1850; elected to the State senate in 1851; appointed secretary of state in 1852; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs April 17, 1857; resigned to become Governor of the Territory of Kansas June 17, 1857, and during his administration the present capital of Colorado (then Kansas Territory) was founded and named “Denver” for the chief executive; reappointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs November 8, 1858, and served until his resignation on March 31, 1859; was commissioned brigadier general in the Union Army August 14, 1861; resigned from the Army March 5, 1863; resumed the practice of his profession in Washington, D.C., and Wilmington, Ohio; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1876, 1880, and 1884; died in Washington, D.C., August 9, 1892; interment in Sugar Grove Cemetery, Wilmington, Ohio.

DAVIS, Jefferson, (son-in-law of President Zachary Taylor), a Representative and a Senator from Mississippi; born in what is now Fairview, Todd County, Ky., June 3, 1808; moved with his parents to a plantation near Woodville, Wilkinson County, Miss.; attended the country schools, St. Thomas College, Washington County, Ky., Jefferson College, Adams County, Miss., Wilkinson County Academy, and Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; graduated from the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1828; served in the Black Hawk War in 1832; promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in the First Dragoons in 1833, and served until 1835, when he resigned; moved to his plantation, ‘Brierfield,’ in Warren County, Miss., and engaged in cotton planting; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1845, until June 1846, when he resigned to command the First Regiment of Mississippi Riflemen in the war with Mexico; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Jesse Speight; subsequently elected and served from August 10, 1847, until September 23, 1851, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirtieth through Thirty-second Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1851; appointed Secretary of War by President Franklin Pierce 1853-1857; again elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1857, until January 21, 1861, when he withdrew with other secessionist Senators; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs and the Militia (Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses); commissioned major general of the State militia in January 1861; chosen President of the Confederacy by the Provisional Congress and inaugurated in Montgomery, Ala., February 18, 1861; elected President of the Confederacy for a term of six years and inaugurated in Richmond, Va., February 22, 1862; captured by Union troops in Irwinsville, Ga., May 10, 1865; imprisoned in Fortress Monroe, indicted for treason, and was paroled in the custody of the court in 1867; returned to Mississippi and spent the remaining years of his life writing; died in New Orleans, La., on December 6, 1889; interment in Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans, La.; reinterment on May 31, 1893, in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.; the legal disabilities placed upon him were removed, and he was posthumously restored to the full rights of citizenship, effective December 25, 1868, pursuant to a Joint Resolution of Congress (Public Law 95-466), approved October 17, 1978.

CLEMENS, Jeremiah, a Senator from Alabama; born in Huntsville, Ala., December 28, 1814; attended La Grange College and was graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1833; studied law at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and practiced in Huntsville; appointed United States district attorney for the northern district of Alabama in 1838; member, State house of representatives 1839-1841; raised a company of riflemen in 1842 and served in the Texas War of Independence; member, State house of representatives 1843-1844; served in the United States Army during the Mexican War, attained the rank of lieutenant colonel; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dixon H. Lewis and served from November 30, 1849, to March 3, 1853; novelist; moved to Memphis, Tenn., in 1858 and became editor of the Memphis Eagle and Enquirer in 1859; returned to Alabama; delegate to the convention in 1861 in which Alabama voted to secede from the Union; held office under the Confederacy, but became a strong Union supporter in 1864; died in Huntsville, Madison County, Ala., May 21, 1865; interment in Maple Hill Cemetery.

HARALSON, Jeremiah, a Representative from Alabama; born on a plantation near Columbus, Muscogee County, Ga., April 1, 1846; raised as a slave; self-educated; moved to Alabama and engaged in agricultural pursuits; became a minister; member of the State house of representatives in 1870; served in the State senate in 1872; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1868 to the Forty-first Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); appointed to a Federal position in the United States customhouse in Baltimore, Md.; later employed as a clerk in the Interior Department; appointed August 12, 1882, to the Pension Bureau in Washington, D.C., and resigned August 21, 1884; moved to Louisiana, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and thence to Arkansas in 1904; served as pension agent for a short time; returned to Alabama and settled in Selma in 1912; moved to Texas and later to Oklahoma and Colorado and engaged in coal mining in the latter State; killed by wild beasts near Denver, Colo., about 1916.

DIX, John Adams,  (son-in-law of John Jordan Morgan), a Senator from New York; born in Boscawen, N.H., July 24, 1798; completed preparatory studies; during the War of 1812 was appointed a cadet, promoted to ensign, and took part in the operations on the Canadian frontier; served in the United States Army until 1828, having attained the rank of captain; studied law and was admitted to the bar in Washington, D.C.; settled in Cooperstown, N.Y., and began the practice of law; moved to Albany in 1830, having been appointed adjutant general of the State and served from 1831 to 1833; canal commissioner; member, State assembly 1842; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Wright, Jr., and served from January 27, 1845, to March 3, 1849; was not a candidate for reelection, having become a candidate for Governor; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Commerce (Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses); unsuccessful Free-Soil candidate for Governor in 1848; Assistant Treasurer of the United States at New York 1853; appointed postmaster of the city of New York 1860-1861; appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President James Buchanan 1861; served in the Union Army as major general 1861-1865; United States Minister to France 1866-1869; Governor of New York 1873-1875; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 and for election as mayor of New York City in 1876; died in New York City, April 21, 1879; interment in Trinity Cemetery.

GILMER, John Adams, a Representative from North Carolina; born near Greensboro, Guilford County, N.C., November 4, 1805; attended the public schools and an academy in Greensboro, N.C.; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832 and began practice in Greensboro, N.C.; county solicitor; member of the State senate 1846-1856; defeated as the Whig candidate for Governor of North Carolina in 1856; elected as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fifth Congress and reelected as a candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Elections (Thirty-sixth Congress); member of the Second Confederate Congress in 1864; delegate to the Union National Convention of Conservatives at Philadelphia in 1866; died in Greensboro, N.C., May 14, 1868; interment in Presbyterian Church Cemetery.

LOGAN, John Alexander, a Representative and a Senator from Illinois; born in Murphysboro, Jackson County, Ill., on February 9, 1826; attended the common schools and studied law; served in the war with Mexico as a lieutenant; returned to Illinois; clerk of the Jackson County Court 1849; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1852, and practiced; member, Illinois house of representatives 1852-1853, 1856-1857; prosecuting attorney for the third judicial district of Illinois 1853-1857; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1856; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, until April 2, 1862, when he resigned and entered the Union Army; chairman, Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business (Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses); during the Civil War was commissioned brigadier general, and then major general of Volunteers, and served until 1865; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1867, until his resignation on March 3, 1871, at the end of the Forty-first Congress, having been elected Senator; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-first Congress); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1868 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against President Andrew Johnson; conceived of the idea of Memorial Day and inaugurated the observance in May 1868; elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and served from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1877; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Chicago; again elected to the United States Senate in 1879; reelected in 1885, and served from March 4, 1879, until his death; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses); unsuccessful Republican nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1884; died in Washington, D.C., December 26, 1886; lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, December 30-31, 1886; interment in a tomb in the National Cemetery, Soldiers’ Home, Washington, D.C.

McCLERNAND, John Alexander, a Representative from Illinois; born in Breckinridge County, Ky., on May 30, 1812; moved with his parents to Shawneetown, Ill., in 1813; attended the village schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1832; served in the Black Hawk War; engaged as a trader on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers in 1833 and 1834; established the Shawneetown Democrat in 1835 and in the same year commenced the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1836, 1840, 1842, and 1843; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-first Congress); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1850; moved to Jacksonville, Ill., in 1851 and to Springfield in 1856; elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas L. Harris; reelected to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from November 8, 1859, until October 28, 1861, when he resigned to accept a commission as brigadier general of Volunteers for service in the Civil War; returned to Illinois to raise troops for the Union Army; was promoted to major general in 1862; elected circuit judge of the Sangamon District of Illinois in 1870 and served until 1873; resumed the practice of law; presided over the Democratic National Convention in 1876; appointed by President Cleveland as a member of the Utah Commission; died in Springfield, Ill., September 20, 1900; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

WILCOX, John A., a Representative from Mississippi; born in Greene County, N.C., April 18, 1819; moved to Tennessee; attended the common schools; moved to Mississippi and settled in Aberdeen; secretary of the State senate; served in the Mexican War as lieutenant, adjutant, and lieutenant colonel; elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress; moved to Texas in 1853; member of the Confederate Congress; died in Richmond, Va., February 7, 1864; interment in Hollywood Cemetery.

NICHOLSON, John Anthony, a Representative from Delaware; born in Laurel, Sussex County, Del., November 17, 1827; completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1847; superintendent of free schools for Kent County in 1851; studied law in Dover, Del.; was admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Dover; brigadier general of militia in Kent County in 1861; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1869); was not a candidate for renomination in 1868; resumed the practice of his profession; died in Dover, Kent County, Del., November 4, 1906; interment in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery.

RAYMOND, John Baldwin, a Delegate from the Territory of Dakota; born in Lockport, Niagara County, N.Y., December 5, 1844; moved with his parents to Tazewell County, Ill., in 1853; attended the public schools and the Poughkeepsie (N.Y.) Business College in 1865 and 1866; enlisted as a private in the Thirty-first Regiment, Illinois Infantry, in 1861; promoted to captain of Company E of that regiment after the siege of Vicksburg in 1863; served throughout the war and settled in Mississippi; published the Mississippi Pilot at Jackson, Miss., during the reconstruction of that State and until 1877; assistant State treasurer 1873-1875 appointed United States marshal of Dakota Territory in 1877, with headquarters at Yankton, later at Fargo, and served until 1882; declined a reappointment; elected as a Republican to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884; engaged in wheat raising; died in Fargo, Dak. (now North Dakota), January 3, 1886; interment in the public vault in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C.

BELL, John, a Representative and a Senator from Tennessee; born near Nashville, Tenn., February 18, 1796; graduated from Cumberland College in 1814; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in Franklin, Tenn.; member, State senate 1817; declined to be a candidate for reelection and moved to Nashville; elected to the Twentieth, and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1827-March 3, 1841); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twenty-third Congress); chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Twenty-first through Twenty-sixth Congresses, except for Twenty-third), Committee on Judiciary (Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses); appointed by President William Henry Harrison as Secretary of War March 5, 1841, and served until September 12, 1841, when he resigned; member, State house of representatives in 1847; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1847; reelected in 1853, and served from November 22, 1847, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate in 1860 for President of the United States on the Constitutional Union ticket; investor in ironworks at Cumberland Furnace in Chattanooga, Tenn.; died at his home on the banks of the Cumberland River, near Cumberland Furnace, September 10, 1869; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, near Nashville, Tenn.

BRATTON, John, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Winnsboro, Fairfield County, S.C., March 7, 1831; attended the Academy of Mount Zion Institute in Winnsboro; was graduated from South Carolina College at Columbia in 1850 and from South Carolina Medical College at Charleston in 1853; engaged in the practice of medicine in Winnsboro from 1853 to 1861; also engaged as a planter; volunteered in the Confederate Army as a private and served throughout the Civil War, attaining the rank of brigadier general; member of the State constitutional convention in 1865; served in the State senate in 1866; chairman of the South Carolina delegation in the Democratic National Convention in 1876; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880; elected comptroller general of South Carolina by the legislature, to fill a vacancy, in 1881; elected to the Forty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John H. Evins and served from December 8, 1884, to March 3, 1885; was not a candidate for renomination in 1884; retired from active politics and again engaged in planting at “Farmington,” near Winnsboro; died in Winnsboro, S.C., January 12, 1898; interment in the Episcopal Cemetery.

GORDON, John Brown, a Senator from Georgia; born in Upson County, Ga., February 6, 1832; attended private schools and the University of Georgia at Athens; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Atlanta, Ga.; engaged in coal mining; upon the outbreak of the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as captain of Infantry and rose to lieutenant general; resumed the practice of law in Atlanta, Ga.; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor in 1868; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1873; reelected in 1879 and served from March 4, 1873, until May 26, 1880, when he resigned to promote the building of the Georgia Pacific Railroad; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Forty-sixth Congress); Governor of Georgia 1886-1890; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1891, to March 3, 1897; declined to be a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Coastal Defenses (Fifty-third Congress); engaged in lecturing and literary work; died in Miami, Fla., January 9, 1904; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta, Ga.

CLARK, John Bullock, Jr., (son of John Bullock Clark), a Representative from Missouri; born in Fayette, Howard County, Mo., January 14, 1831; attended Fayette Academy, and the University of Missouri at Columbia; spent two years in California for travel and adventure; returned to the East, and was graduated from the law department of Harvard University in 1854; was admitted to the bar and practiced in Fayette, Mo., from 1855 until the commencement of the Civil War, when he entered the Confederate Army as a lieutenant; promoted successively to the rank of captain, major, colonel, and brigadier general; resumed the practice of law in Fayette, Mo.; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1883); chairman, Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (Forty-fourth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882; clerk of the House of Representatives 1883-1889; engaged in the practice of law in Washington, D.C., until his death there, September 7, 1903; interment in Rock Creek Cemetery.

CLARK, John Bullock, (father of John Bullock Clark, Jr., and nephew of Christopher Henderson Clark and James Clark), a Representative from Missouri; born in Madison County, Ky., April 17, 1802; attended the country schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1824 and practiced in Fayette, Mo.; clerk of the Howard County courts 1824-1834; colonel of Missouri Mounted Volunteers in the Black Hawk War in 1832; major general of militia in 1848; member of the State house of representatives 1850 and 1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James S. Green; reelected to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from December 7, 1857, until July 13, 1861, when he was expelled for having taken up arms against the union; a Senator from Missouri in the First Confederate Congress and a Representative in the Second Confederate Congress; brigadier general of Missouri Confederate State troops; practiced law until his death in Fayette, Howard County, Mo., October 29, 1885; interment in Fayette Cemetery.

BRECKINRIDGE, John Cabell,  (grandson of John Breckinridge, father of Clifton Rodes Breckinridge, and cousin of Henry Donnel Foster), a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky and a Vice President of the United States; born at ‘Cabell’s Dale,’ near Lexington, Ky., January 16, 1821; attended Pisgah Academy, Woodford County, Ky.; graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1839; later attended the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); studied law in the Transylvania Institute, Lexington, Ky.; admitted to the bar in 1840; moved to Burlington, Iowa, but soon returned and began practice in Lexington, Ky.; major of the Third Kentucky Volunteers during the Mexican War in 1847 and 1848; member, State house of representatives 1849; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1855); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; was tendered the mission to Spain by President Franklin Pierce, but declined; elected Vice President of the United States in 1856 on the Democratic ticket with James Buchanan as President; unsuccessful candidate for President in 1860; elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1861, until expelled by resolution of December 4, 1861, for support of the rebellion; entered the Confederate Army during the Civil War as brigadier general and soon became a major general; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of the Confederate States from January until April 1865; resided in Europe until 1868; returned to Lexington, Ky., and resumed the practice of law; vice president of the Elizabethtown, Lexington Big Sandy Railroad Co.; died in Lexington, Ky., May 17, 1875; interment in Lexington Cemetery.

CALHOUN, John Caldwell,  (cousin of John Ewing Colhoun and Joseph Calhoun), a Representative and a Senator from South Carolina and a Vice President of the United States; born near Calhoun Mills, Abbeville District (now Mount Carmel, McCormick County), S.C., March 18, 1782; attended the common schools and private academies; graduated from Yale College in 1804; studied law, admitted to the bar in 1807, and commenced practice in Abbeville, S.C.; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; member, State house of representatives 1808-1809; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Twelfth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, to November 3, 1817, when he resigned; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President James Monroe 1817-1825; elected vice president of the United States in 1824 with President John Quincy Adams; reelected in 1828 with President Andrew Jackson and served from March 4, 1825, to December 28, 1832, when he resigned, having been elected as a Democratic Republican (later Nullifier) to the United States Senate on December 12, 1832, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Y. Hayne; reelected in 1834 and 1840 and served from December 29, 1832, until his resignation, effective March 3, 1843; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President John Tyler 1844-1845; again elected to the United States Senate, as a Democrat, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel E. Huger; reelected in 1846 and served from November 26, 1845, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 31, 1850; chairman, Committee on Finance (Twenty-ninth Congress); interment in St. Philip’s Churchyard, Charleston, S.C.

CESSNA, John, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Bedford County, Pa., June 29, 1821; attended the common schools and Hall’s Military Academy, Bedford, Pa.; was graduated from Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., in 1842; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Bedford; member of the State house of representatives in 1850, 1851, 1862, and 1863, and served as speaker of the house in 1850 and 1863; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati in 1856 and at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860; affiliated with the Republican Party in 1863; chairman of the Republican State convention in 1865; elected chairman of the Republican State central committee in 1865; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1868, 1876, and 1880; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1871); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; elected to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1892; resumed the practice of law in Bedford, Pa., where he died December 13, 1893; interment in Bedford Cemetery.

FRÉMONT, John Charles,  (son-in-law of Thomas Hart Benton), a Senator from California; born in Savannah, Ga., January 21, 1813; pursued classical studies and attended Charleston College 1828-1830; instructor in mathematics in the United States Navy 1833-1835; civil engineer assistant 1838-1839, exploring the territory between the Missouri River and the northern boundary of the United States; appointed second lieutenant of Topographical Engineers of the United States Army 1838; commenced in 1842 explorations and surveys for an overland route from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; major of a battalion of California Volunteers in 1846; appointed lieutenant colonel of United States Mounted Rifles in 1846 and ordered to act as Governor of California by Commodore Stockton; General Kearny, United States Army, revoked this order and placed him under arrest for mutiny; tried by court martial, found guilty, and pardoned by President James Polk, but resigned; settled in California on the Mariposa grant; commissioner to run the boundary line between United States and Mexico in 1849; upon the admission of California as a State into the Union was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from September 10, 1850, to March 3, 1851; unsuccessful as the first Republican candidate for president of the United States in 1856; appointed major general in the United States Army by President Abraham Lincoln in May 1861 and placed in command of the western military district; removed in December 1861; appointed to command the mountain department in February 1862 and resigned in June 1864; again nominated for president in 1864; Governor of Arizona Territory 1878-1881; appointed a major general in the United States Army on the retired list 1890; died in New York City on July 13, 1890; interment in Trinity Church Cemetery; reinterment in Rockland Cemetery, Nyack, N.Y., March 17, 1891.

BAGBY, John Courts, a Representative from Illinois; born in Glasgow, Ky., January 24, 1819; attended the public schools; was graduated as a civil engineer from Bacon College, Harrodsburg, Ky., in June 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in March 1845 and commenced practice in Rushville, Schuyler County, Ill., in April 1846; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of his profession in Rushville, Ill.; judge of Schuyler County 1882-1885; judge of the sixth judicial circuit court of Illinois 1885-1891; resumed the practice of law; died in Rushville, Ill., April 4, 1896; interment in Rushville Cemetery.

COVODE, John, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near West Fairfield, Westmoreland County, Pa., March 17, 1808; attended the public schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits, manufacturing, and transportation; largely interested in the coal trade; elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on Public Expenditures (Thirty-seventh Congress); delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in 1866; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fortieth Congress); contested with Henry D. Foster the election to the Forty-first Congress, neither being sworn pending the contest, as no credentials were issued by the Governor; on February 9, 1870, the House declared him duly elected, whereupon he qualified and served until his death; was not a candidate for reelection in 1870; died in Harrisburg, Pa., January 11, 1871; interment in Methodist Episcopal Cemetery, West Fairfield, Pa.

CRESWELL, John Angel James, a Representative and a Senator from Maryland; born at Creswells Ferry (now Port Deposit), Cecil County, Md., November 18, 1828; attended the local academy at Port Deposit; graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1848; studied law; admitted to the bar in Baltimore in 1850 and commenced practice in Elkton, Md.; unsuccessful candidate for election on the Whig ticket in 1850 to the Reform State Convention; member, State house of delegates 1861; affiliated with the Republican Party in 1861; adjutant general of the State 1862-1863; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas H. Hicks and served from March 9, 1865, to March 3, 1867; chairman, Committee on Library (Thirty-ninth Congress); appointed Postmaster General by President Ulysses Grant 1869-1874, when he resigned; served as counsel of the United States before the Alabama Claims Commission 1874-1876; resumed the practice of law; president of two banks; died near Elkton, Cecil County, Md., December 23, 1891; interment in Elkton Presbyterian Cemetery.

STEWART, John David, a Representative from Georgia; born near Fayetteville, Fayette County, Ga., August 2, 1833; attended the common schools and Marshall College, Griffin, Ga.; taught school two years in Griffin, Spalding County, Ga.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1856 and commenced practice in Griffin, Ga.; probate judge of Spalding County 1858-1860; lieutenant and captain in the Thirteenth Georgia Regiment during the Civil War; member of the State house of representatives 1865-1867; studied theology; was ordained as a minister of the Baptist Church in 1871; mayor of Griffin in 1875 and 1876; judge of the superior court from November 7, 1879, to January 1, 1886, when he resigned to become a candidate for Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890; engaged in the practice of his profession until his death in Griffin, Ga., January 28, 1894; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

DAVIS, John, (father of Horace Davis, great-great grandfather of Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.), a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts; born in Northboro, Mass., January 13, 1787; attended Leicester Academy, and graduated from Yale College in 1812; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Worcester, Mass., in 1815; elected to the Nineteenth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1825, to January 14, 1834, when he resigned, having been elected Governor; Governor of Massachusetts 1834-1835; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian (later Whig) to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1835, to January 5, 1841, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Twenty-fourth Congress); Governor of Massachusetts 1841-1843; again elected in 1845 to the United States Senate, as a Whig, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Isaac C. Bates; reelected in 1847 and served from March 24, 1845, to March 3, 1853; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1852, and retired from public life; died in Worcester, Mass., on April 19, 1854; interment in the Rural Cemetery.

ATKINS, John DeWitt Clinton, a Representative from Tennessee; born near Manly’s Chapel, Henry County, Tenn., June 4, 1825; attended a private school in Paris, Tenn., and was graduated from the East Tennessee University at Knoxville in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar but did not practice; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1851; served in the State senate 1855-1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; during the Civil War served as lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Tennessee Regiment in the Confederate Army in 1861; elected to the Confederate Provisional Congress in August and November 1861 and in November 1863; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1883); chairman, Committee on Appropriations (Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1882; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Paris, Henry County, Tenn.; appointed United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs by President Cleveland on March 21, 1885, and served until June 13, 1888, when he resigned; was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator in 1888; again engaged in agricultural pursuits; retired from active pursuits in 1898 and moved to Paris, Tenn., where he lived in retirement until his death on June 2, 1908; interment in the City Cemetery.

FARNSWORTH, John Franklin, a Representative from Illinois; born in Eaton, Canada, March 27, 1820; completed preparatory studies; settled in Ann Arbor, Mich.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice at St. Charles, Ill.; moved to Chicago, Ill.; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; served in the Union Army during the Civil War; commissioned colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, September 18, 1861; brigadier general of Volunteers December 5, 1862; resigned March 4, 1863, to take up his duties as Congressman; elected to the Thirty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1873); chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Fortieth through Forty-second Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of law in Chicago, Ill.; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1880 and continued the practice of law until his death on July 14, 1897; interment in North Cemetery, St. Charles, Ill.

HANCOCK, John, a Representative from Texas; born near Bellefonte, Jackson County, Ala., October 24, 1824; attended the public schools and the University of Tennessee at Knoxville; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1846; settled in Austin, Tex., in 1847 and practiced his profession there until August 1851; served as judge of the second judicial district of Texas from 1851 to 1855, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law and engaged in planting and stock raising; member of the State house of representatives in 1860 and 1861; refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States and was expelled from the legislature; took up his residence in the North until the conclusion of the war, when he returned to Texas; member of the State constitutional convention in 1866; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1877); unsuccessful candidate for renomination; elected to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); was not a candidate for renomination; resumed the practice of law; died in Austin, Tex., July 19, 1893; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

REAGAN, John Henninger, a Representative and a Senator from Texas; born in Sevierville, Sevier County, Tenn., October 8, 1818; attended the common schools and private academies; moved to Texas in 1839, joined the republic’s army, and participated in campaigns against the Cherokee Indians; deputy State surveyor of the public lands 1839-1843; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1848 and practiced in Buffalo and Palestine, Tex.; member, State house of representatives 1847-1849; judge of the district court 1852-1857, when he resigned; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1861); elected to the secession convention of Texas in 1861; deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy; postmaster general of the Confederacy from 1861 until the close of the war; also appointed Acting Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederacy for a short time preceding the close of the war; imprisoned at Fort Warren for several months after the war; member of the State constitutional convention in 1875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1887); had been reelected to the Fiftieth Congress but resigned March 4, 1887, to become Senator; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1887, until June 10, 1891, when he resigned; returned to Texas and was appointed a member of the railroad commission of the State and served as chairman 1897-1903; died in Palestine, Anderson County, Tex., March 6, 1905; interment in East Hill Cemetery.

INGALLS, John James, a Senator from Kansas; born in Middleton, Essex County, Mass., December 29, 1833; attended the public schools in Haverhill, Mass., and was privately tutored; graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1855; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1857; moved to Kansas in 1858; member of the State constitutional convention 1859; secretary of the Territorial Council 1860; secretary of the State senate 1861; during the Civil War served as judge advocate of the Kansas Volunteers; member, State senate 1862; unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor of Kansas in 1862 and 1864; edited the Atchison Champion 1863-1865 and aided in founding the Kansas Magazine; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1872; reelected in 1879 and again in 1885 and served from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1891; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses), Committee on the District of Columbia (Forty-seventh through Fifty-first Congresses); devoted his time to journalism, literature, and farming until his death in East Las Vegas, N.Mex., August 16, 1900; interment in Mount Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Kans.

CRITTENDEN, John Jordan,  (uncle of Thomas Theodore Crittenden), a Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born near Versailles, Woodford County, Ky., September 10, 1786; completed preparatory studies; attended Pisgah Academy, Woodford County, Ky., Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., and graduated from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va., in 1806; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Woodford County, Ky., in 1807; attorney general of Illinois Territory 1809-1810; served in the War of 1812 as aide to the Governor; resumed the practice of law in Russellville, Ky.; member, State house of representatives 1811-1817, and served as speaker the last term; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Judiciary (Fifteenth Congress); moved to Frankfort, Ky., in 1819; member, State house of representatives 1825, 1829-1832; appointed and was confirmed as United States district attorney in 1827, but was removed by President Andrew Jackson in 1829; nominated in 1828 by President John Quincy Adams as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but was not confirmed by the Senate; again elected to the United States Senate as a Whig and served from March 4, 1835, to March 3, 1841; appointed Attorney General of the United States by President William Henry Harrison March to September 1841; appointed and subsequently elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Clay and served from March 31, 1842, to June 12, 1848, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); Governor of Kentucky 1848-1850, when he resigned; again appointed Attorney General by President Millard Fillmore 1850-1853; again elected to the United States Senate as a Whig (later American/Know-Nothing) and served from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1861; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-sixth Congress); elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); was a candidate for reelection at the time of his death; died in Frankfort, Ky., July 26, 1863; interment in State Cemetery, Frankfort, Ky.

LETCHER, John, a Representative from Virginia; born in Lexington, Rockbridge County, Va., March 29, 1813; attended private rural schools and Randolph-Macon College; was graduated from Washington Academy (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Va., in 1833; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Lexington, Va., in 1839; editor of the Valley Star from 1840 to 1850; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1859); was not a candidate for renomination in 1858, having become a candidate for Governor; Governor of Virginia 1860-1864; prominent in the organization of the peace convention that met in Washington, D.C., February 8, 1861, in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; discouraged secession, but was active in sustaining the ordinance passed by Virginia April 17, 1861; after the war and the expiration of his term as Governor resumed the practice of law in Lexington; member of the State house of delegates 1875-1877; member of the board of visitors of the Virginia Military Institute 1866-1880 and served as president of the board for ten years; again resumed the practice of law in Lexington, Va., where he died on January 26, 1884; interment in the Presbyterian Cemetery.

PALMER, John McAuley, a Senator from Illinois; born at Eagle Creek, Scott County, Ky., September 13, 1817; moved with his family to Madison County, Ill., in 1831; attended the common schools of Kentucky and Illinois; in 1834 entered Alton (later Shurtleff) College, where he remained two years; taught school, peddled clocks, and studied law 1835-1838; admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced in Carlinville, Ill., 1839-1861; probate judge of Macoupin County in 1843 and 1847; member of the State constitutional convention in 1847; county judge 1849-1852; member, State senate 1852-1854, 1856; unsuccessful Republican candidate for Congress in 1859; presidential elector on the Republican ticket in 1860; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; during the Civil War was appointed colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry in 1861, and was mustered out as a major general in 1866; settled in Springfield, Ill., in 1867; Republican Governor of Illinois 1869-1873; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor in 1888; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1891, to March 3, 1897; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Fifty-third Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1896; resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for president of the United States as a Gold Democrat in 1896; died in Springfield, Ill., September 25, 1900; interment in Carlinville City Cemetery, Carlinville, Ill.

McLEAN, John,  (brother of William McLean), a Representative from Ohio; born in Morris County, N.J., March 11, 1785; moved with his parents to Morgantown, Va., in 1789, to Nicholasville, Ky., in 1790, to Maysville, Ky., in 1793, and to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1797; attended the common schools and studied under private tutors; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1807 and commenced practice in Lebanon, Ohio; founded the Western Star, a weekly newspaper; elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1813, until his resignation in 1816; chairman, Committee on Accounts (Fourteenth Congress); associate judge of the State supreme court 1816-1822; appointed by President Monroe as Commissioner of the United States General Land Office in 1822; appointed Postmaster General in the administration of President Monroe; reappointed by President John Quincy Adams and served from December 9, 1823, until March 7, 1829, when he resigned; declined Cabinet portfolios as Secretary of War and Secretary of the Navy in the administration of President Jackson; engaged in literary pursuits; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from March 7, 1829, until his death in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 4, 1861; interment in Spring Grove Cemetery.

LANGSTON, John Mercer, a Representative from Virginia; born in Louisa, Louisa County, Va., December 14, 1829; attended the common schools in Ohio; was graduated from the literary department of Oberlin College in 1849 and from the theological department in 1852; studied law in Elyria, Ohio; was admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice in Oberlin, Ohio; took an active part in recruiting black troops during the Civil War, especially for the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Massachusetts and Fifth Ohio Regiments; member of the council of Oberlin 1865-1867; member of the city board of education in 1867 and 1868; appointed inspector general of the Bureau of Freedmen, Refugees, and Abandoned Lands in 1868; moved to Washington, D.C., and practiced law; dean of the law department of Howard University 1869-1876; appointed and commissioned by President Grant a member of the Board of Health of the District of Columbia in 1871; appointed by President Hayes Minister Resident and consul general to Haiti and Chargé d’Affaires to Santo Domingo; elected vice president and acting president of Howard University in 1872; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876; returned to Virginia, having been elected president of the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute, Petersburg, Va., in 1885; delegate to the Republican State convention in 1890; successfully contested as a Republican the election of Edward C. Venable to the Fifty-first Congress and served from September 23, 1890, to March 3, 1891; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; died in Washington, D.C., on November 15, 1897; interment in Woodlawn Cemetery.

BOTTS, John Minor, a Representative from Virginia; born in Dumfries, Va., September 16, 1802; attended the common schools in Richmond, Va.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Richmond, Va.; moved to Henrico County and engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of delegates 1833-1839; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; elected to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirtieth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1848 and 1850 to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses, respectively; member, State constitutional convention, 1850-1851; resumed the practice of law in Richmond, Va., in 1852; delegate to the Southern Loyalists’ Convention in 1866; died in Richmond, Va., January 8, 1869; interment in Shockoe Hill Cemetery.

HALE, John Parker, a Representative and a Senator from New Hampshire; born in Rochester, Strafford County, N.H., March 31, 1806; received preparatory education at Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.; graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1827; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Dover, N.H.; member, State house of representatives 1832; appointed by President Andrew Jackson as United States attorney in 1834, and was removed by President John Tyler in 1841; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); refused to vote for the annexation of Texas, although instructed to do so by the State legislature, which then revoked his renomination; elected as a Free Soil candidate to the United States Senate in 1846 and served from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1853; unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States on the Free Soil ticket in 1852; again elected to the Senate in 1855 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles G. Atherton; reelected in 1859 and served from July 30, 1855, to March 3, 1865; chairman, Committee on Naval Affairs (Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses), Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-eighth Congress); appointed Minister to Spain 1865-1869; returned to Dover, N.H., and died there November 19, 1873; interment in Pine Hill Cemetery.

JONES, John Percival, a Senator from Nevada; born at ‘The Hay,’ Herefordshire, England, January 27, 1829; immigrated the same year to the United States with his parents, who settled in the northern part of Ohio; attended the public schools in Cleveland, Ohio; moved to California and engaged in mining and farming in Trinity County; sheriff of the county; member, State senate 1863-1867; moved to Gold Hill, Nev., in 1868; engaged in mining; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1873; reelected in 1879, 1885, 1891, and 1897 and served from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1903; declined to be a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses, and Forty-seventh through Fifty-second Congresses), Committee on Epidemic Diseases (Fifty-third through Fifty-seventh Congresses); resumed his former business activities; retired to his home in Santa Monica, Calif.; died in Los Angeles, Calif., November 27, 1912; interment in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco, Calif.; remains removed and reinterred in unknown location.

SHERMAN, John, a Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, on May 10, 1823; attended the common schools and an academy in Ohio; left school to work as an engineer on canal projects; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1844 and began practice in Mansfield, Ohio; moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1855, to March 21, 1861, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Thirty-sixth Congress); elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1861 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Salmon P. Chase; reelected in 1866 and 1872 and served from March 21, 1861, until his resignation on March 8, 1877; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (1863-67), Committee on Finance (1863-65, 1867-77); appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Rutherford Hayes in March 1877, and served until March 1881; again elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1881 in the place of James A. Garfield, who had been elected President of the United States; reelected in 1886 and 1892 and served from March 4, 1881, until his resignation on March 4, 1897; Republican Conference chairman (1884-1885, 1891-1897); President pro tempore (1885-1887); chairman, Committee on the Library (Forty-seventh through Forty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Forty-ninth through Fifty-second Congresses, Fifty-fourth Congress); appointed Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President William McKinley and served from March 1897, until his resignation in April 1898; retired to private life; died in Washington, D.C., October 22, 1900; interment in Mansfield Cemetery, Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio.

SLIDELL, John, a Representative and a Senator from Louisiana; born in New York City in 1793; graduated from Columbia College (later Columbia University), New York City, in 1810; studied law; admitted to the bar in New York City; practiced law and engaged in business; moved to New Orleans around 1819 and engaged in law and business; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress; United States district attorney 1829-1833; unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1834, 1836, and 1848; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1843, until his resignation on November 10, 1845; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Twenty-eighth Congress); appointed Minister to Mexico in 1845, but that government refused to accept him; offered the mission to Central America in 1853, but declined; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1853 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Pierre Soule; was reelected, and served from December 5, 1853, to February 4, 1861, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirty-fourth Congress); on November 8, 1861, while on a diplomatic mission from the Confederate States to England and France, was taken from the British mail steamer Trent, sailing from Havana to England, and confined in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor; was later released and sailed for Paris; died in Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, July 9, 1871; interment in the private cemetery of the Saint-Roman family at Villejuif, near Paris, France, in the Departement de la Seine.

CARLILE, John Snyder, a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born in Winchester, Va., on December 16, 1817; educated by his mother; clerked in a store and commenced business for himself in 1834; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Beverly, Va. (now West Virginia) in 1842; moved to Philippi and later to Clarksburg and continued the practice of law; member, State senate 1847-1851; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850; elected as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); delegate to the State secession convention in February 1861; elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1861, until July 9, 1861, when he resigned to become Senator; elected as a Unionist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Robert M.T. Hunter and served from July 9, 1861, to March 3, 1865; member of the convention that submitted the new State ordinance in August 1861; died in Clarksburg, Harrison County, W.Va., October 24, 1878; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

TYLER, John,  (father of David Gardiner Tyler), a Representative and a Senator from Virginia, a Vice President and 10th President of the United States; born in Charles City County, Va., March 29, 1790; attended private schools and graduated from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., in 1807; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1809 and commenced practice in Charles City County; captain of a military company in 1813; member, State house of delegates 1811-1816; member of the council of state in 1816; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Fourteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Clopton; reelected to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses and served from December 17, 1816, to March 3, 1821; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1820 because of impaired health; member, State house of delegates 1823-1825; Governor of Virginia 1825-1827; elected as a Jacksonian (later Anti-Jacksonian) to the United States Senate in 1827; reelected in 1833 and served from March 4, 1827, to February 29, 1836, when he resigned; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Twenty-third Congress; chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-third Congress); member of the State constitutional convention in 1829 and 1830; member, State house of delegates 1839; elected Vice President of the United States on the Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison in 1840; was inaugurated March 4, 1841, and served until the death of President Harrison on April 4, 1841; took the oath of office as President of the United States on April 6, 1841, and served until March 3, 1845; did not seek reelection; delegate to and president of the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in 1861; elected to the House of Representatives of the Confederate Congress, but died in Richmond, Va., January 18, 1862, before the assembling of the Congress; interment in Hollywood Cemetery.

MORGAN, John Tyler, a Senator from Alabama; born in Athens, McMinn County, Tenn., June 20, 1824; moved with his parents to Alabama in 1833 and settled in Calhoun County; attended frontier schools; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Talladega, Ala.; moved to Dallas County, Ala., in 1855 and resumed the practice of law in Selma and Cahaba; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1860; delegate from Dallas County to the State convention of 1861 which passed the ordinance of secession; during the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861 and rose to brigadier general; after the war resumed the practice of law in Selma, Ala.; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1876; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1876; reelected in 1882, 1888, 1894, 1900, and 1906, and served from March 4, 1877, until his death; chairman, Committee on Rules (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Foreign Relations (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Interoceanic Canals (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses), Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine (Fifty-ninth Congress); died in Washington, D.C., June 11, 1907; interment in Live Oak Cemetery, Selma, Dallas County, Ala.

WENTWORTH, John,  (grandson of John Wentworth, Jr.), a Representative from Illinois; born in Sandwich, Carroll County, N.H., March 5, 1815; educated in the common schools and academies at Gilmanton, Wolfeboro, and New Hampton, N.H., and South Berwick, Maine; taught school for several years, and contributed political articles to newspapers; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1836; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1836, where he engaged as a clerk in a law office, and also studied law; editor and manager of the Chicago Democrat; appointed aide-de-camp to Governor Carlin in 1838; attended the law department of Harvard University in 1841; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Chicago, Ill.; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1851); elected to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); Republican mayor of Chicago 1857-1863; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1861; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1867); resumed the practice of law; died in Chicago, Ill., October 16, 1888; interment in Rosehill Cemetery.

MASON, John Young, a Representative from Virginia; born near Hicksford (now Emporia), Greensville County, Va., April 18, 1799; was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1816; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and commenced practice in Hicksford, Va.; member of the State house of delegates 1823-1827; served in the State senate 1827-1831; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation January 11, 1837; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Twenty-fourth Congress); appointed United States district judge for the eastern district of Virginia in 1837; delegate to the State constitutional conventions of 1829 and 1850; appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President John Tyler and served from March 14, 1844, to March 10, 1845, and again in the Cabinet of President James K. Polk from September 9, 1846, to March 7, 1849; Attorney General of the United States from March 11, 1845, to September 9, 1846; resumed the practice of law in Richmond, Va., 1849-1854; appointed United States Minister Plenipotentiary to France on January 22, 1854, and served until his death, in Paris, France, on October 3, 1859; his remains were conveyed to the United States and interred in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.

CRAVENS, Jordan Edgar, (cousin of William Ben Cravens), a Representative from Arkansas; born in Fredericktown, Madison County, Mo., November 7, 1830; moved with his father to Arkansas the following year; attended the common schools, and was graduated from the Cane Hill Academy at Boonsboro (now Canehill), Washington County, Ark., in 1850; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice in Clarksville, Ark.; member of the State house of representatives in 1860; entered the Confederate Army in 1861 as a private, promoted to colonel in 1862, and continued in the service until the close of the Civil War; returned to Clarksville; prosecuting attorney of Johnson County in 1865 and 1866; member of the State senate 1866-1868; elected as an Independent Democrat to the Forty-fifth Congress; reelected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1883); was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Clarksville, Ark.; judge of the circuit court 1890-1894; died in Fort Smith, Ark., April 8, 1914; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Clarksville, Ark.

SCRANTON, Joseph Augustine,  (second cousin of George Whitfield Scranton), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Madison, New Haven County, Conn., July 26, 1838; moved with his parents to Pennsylvania in 1847; attended Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.; attended Yale College 1857-1861; collector of internal revenue 1862-1866; founded the Scranton Daily Republican in 1867; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872; postmaster of Scranton from March 19, 1874, to May 5, 1881; elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1883); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress; elected to the Forty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress; elected to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; resumed the newspaper business in Scranton; elected to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1893-March 3, 1897); chairman, Committee on Territories (Fifty-fourth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1896; resumed the publication and editorship of the Scranton Republican; treasurer of Lackawanna County 1901-1903; died in Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pa., October 12, 1908; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery.

JOHNSTON, Joseph Eggleston,  (brother of Charles Clement Johnston and uncle of John Warfield Johnston), a Representative from Virginia; born in Longwood, Prince Edward County, Va., February 3, 1807; moved with his parents to Panicello, near Abingdon, Va., in 1811; attended the Abingdon Academy; was graduated from the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1829; pursued a career in the Army and was promoted through the ranks to brigadier general and quartermaster general; resigned April 22, 1861, to enter the Confederate service; during the Civil War was appointed major general of the Virginia State forces on April 26, 1861; commissioned brigadier general, Confederate States Army, May 14, 1861, and general on August 31, 1861, in which capacity he served until April 26, 1865, when the terms of surrender of his army were agreed upon; settled in Savannah, Ga.; was president of a railroad company in Arkansas; and engaged in the general insurance business in 1868 and 1869; returned to Virginia and settled in Richmond in 1877 and became president of an express company; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); was not a candidate for renomination in 1880; was appointed Commissioner of Railroads by President Grover Cleveland in 1887 and served until 1891; died in Washington, D.C., March 21, 1891; interment in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.

BROWN, Joseph Emerson, a Senator from Georgia; born in the Pickens District of South Carolina April 15, 1821; moved to Georgia; attended Calhoun Academy in South Carolina; taught school; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1845 and later graduated from the Yale Law School; returned to Georgia and commenced practice in 1846; member, State senate 1849; judge of the superior court of the Blue Ridge circuit in 1855; Governor of Georgia 1855-1865, when he resigned; chief justice of the supreme court of Georgia 1865-1870, when he resigned and accepted the presidency of the Western Atlantic Railroad Co.; appointed and subsequently elected in 1880 as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John B. Gordon; reelected in 1885 and served from May 26, 1880, until March 3, 1891; not a candidate for reelection; died in Atlanta, Ga., November 30, 1894; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

LEWIS, Joseph Horace, a Representative from Kentucky; born near Glasgow, Barren County, Ky., October 29, 1824; attended the common schools; was graduated from Centre College, Danville, Ky., in 1843; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Glasgow, Ky.; member of the State house of representatives 1850-1855; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1857 to the Thirty-fifth Congress and in 1861 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; during the Civil War commanded the Sixth Kentucky Regiment in the Confederate Army, the Second Brigade and the First Brigade in Bates’ division; returned to Glasgow at the close of the Civil War and resumed the practice of law; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1869 and 1870; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jacob S. Golladay; reelected to the Forty-second Congress and served from May 10, 1870, to March 3, 1873; was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of his profession; elected judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals in 1874; reelected to subsequent terms and served until 1898; moved to a farm in Scott County, near Georgetown, where he died on July 6, 1904; interment in Glasgow Cemetery.

LANE, Joseph, (father of La Fayette Lane and grandfather of Harry Lane), a Delegate and a Senator from Oregon; born in Buncombe County, N.C., December 14, 1801; moved with his parents to Henderson, Ky., in 1810; attended the common schools; worked in a general store; moved to Vanderburg County, Ind., in 1821 and farmed; elected to the first of several terms in the State house of representatives in 1822; member, State senate 1844-1846; during the Mexican War, led a brigade in several battles; brevetted major general in 1847; appointed by President James Polk to be governor of the Territory of Oregon 1849-1850, when he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1852; elected as a Delegate from the Territory to the Thirty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from June 21, 1851, until February 14, 1859, when the Territory became a State; upon the admission of Oregon as a State into the Union in 1859 was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from February 14, 1859, to March 3, 1861; did not seek reelection in 1860, having become a candidate for Vice President; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-sixth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket in 1860; died in Roseburg, Oreg., April 19, 1881; interment in the Masonic Cemetery.

WEST, Joseph Rodman, a Senator from Louisiana; born in New Orleans, La., September 19, 1822; moved with his parents to Philadelphia in 1824; educated in private schools; attended the University of Pennsylvania 1836-1837; moved to New Orleans in 1841; captain attached to Maryland and District of Columbia Volunteers in the Mexican War 1847-1848; moved to California in 1849 and engaged in newspaper work in San Francisco; proprietor of the San Francisco Price Current; during the Civil War entered the Union Army as lieutenant of the First Regiment, California Volunteer Infantry, in 1861; promoted to the rank of colonel and brigadier general, and was brevetted major general in 1866; returned to New Orleans, La.; deputy United States marshal; auditor for customs 1867-1871; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1871, to March 3, 1877; was not a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Railroads (Forty-fourth Congress); member of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia 1882-1885; retired from public life in 1885; died in Washington, D.C., October 31, 1898; interment in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.

GIDDINGS, Joshua Reed, a Representative from Ohio; born in Tioga Point (later Athens), Bradford County, Pa., October 6, 1795; moved with his parents to Canandaigua, N.Y., in 1795; received a common-school education; again moved with his parents to Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1806; completed preparatory studies; served in the War of 1812; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in February 1821 and commenced practice in Jefferson, Ohio; member of the State house of representatives in 1826; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Elisha Whittlesey; reelected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses and served from December 3, 1838, until March 22, 1842, when he resigned, after a vote of censure had been passed upon him by the House in response to his motion in defense of the slave mutineers in the Creole case; subsequently elected to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; reelected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth through Thirtieth Congresses, as a Free-Soil candidate to the Thirty-first through Thirty-third Congresses, elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and reelected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress; and served from December 5, 1842, until March 3, 1859; chairman, Committee on Claims (Twenty-seventh and Thirty-fourth Congresses); declined to be a candidate for reelection; appointed consul general to the British North American Provinces by President Lincoln on March 25, 1861, and served until his death; died in Montreal, Canada, May 27, 1864; interment in Oakdale Cemetery, Jefferson, Ohio.

GRINNELL, Josiah Bushnell, a Representative from Iowa; born in New Haven, Addison County, Vt., December 22, 1821; attended the common schools and Oneida Institute; pursued classical studies; was graduated from Auburn Theological Seminary in 1847; ordained a Presbyterian clergyman; held pastorates in Union Village, N.Y., Washington, D.C., and in the Congregational Church of New York City; moved to Iowa in 1854 and founded the town of Grinnell, Poweshiek County, and also Grinnell University; member of the State senate 1856-1860; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; special agent for the Post Office Department for two years; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1867); was not a candidate for renomination in 1866; resumed the practice of law; interested in building of railroads; director of the Rock Island Railroad; receiver of the Iowa Central Railroad (later the St. Louis & St. Paul Railroad); president of the State Horticultural Society and of the First National Bank in Grinnell; died in Grinnell, Iowa, March 31, 1891; interment in Hazelwood Cemetery.

BENJAMIN, Judah Philip, a Senator from Louisiana; born on the Island of St. Croix, Danish West Indies (now Virgin Islands), August 6, 1811; immigrated to Savannah, Ga., in 1816 with his parents, who later settled in Wilmington, N.C.; attended the Fayetteville Academy, Fayetteville, N.C., and Yale College; moved to New Orleans, La., in 1831 and taught school; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in New Orleans; elected to the lower house of the state legislature in 1842 and served until 1844; member of the State constitutional convention in 1845; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1853; reelected as a Democrat in 1859 and served from March 4, 1853, to February 4, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses); appointed Attorney General under the provisional government of the Confederate States, February 1861; appointed Acting Secretary of War of the Confederate States in August 1861 and served until November 1861, when he was appointed Secretary of War; served in this capacity until February 1862, when he resigned to accept the appointment as Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Jefferson Davis, in which capacity he served until the end of the war; moved to Great Britain in 1865; studied English law at Lincoln’s Inn, London, was admitted to the bar in that city in 1866, and practiced law there; engaged in newspaper and magazine work; received the appointment of Queen’s counsel in 1872; retired in 1883 from active practice and public life; moved to Paris, France, and died there May 6, 1884; interment in Pere la Chaise Cemetery.

WHALEY, Kellian Van Rensalear, a Representative from Virginia and from West Virginia; born in Onondaga County, Utica, N.Y., May 6, 1821; lumber business; recruiter, Union Army; elected as a Unionist from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); elected as an Unconditional Unionist from West Virginia to the Thirty-eighth and to the succeeding Congress (December 7, 1863-March 3, 1867); chairman, Committee on Invalid Pensions (Thirty-eighth Congress), Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-ninth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1866; delegate to the Republican National Convention, 1864; collector of customs at Brazos de Santiago, Tex., 1868; died on May 20, 1876, Point Pleasant, W. Va.; interment in Lone Oak Cemetery, Point Pleasant, W. Va.

FOSTER, Lafayette Sabine, a Senator from Connecticut; born in Franklin, New London County, Conn., November 22, 1806; attended the common schools; received preparatory instruction and graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1828; taught school in Providence and commenced the study of law in Norwich; took charge of an academy at Centerville, Md., and while there was admitted to the Maryland bar in 1830; returned to Norwich, Conn., and completed his law studies; admitted to the bar in 1831 and commenced the practice of law; editor of the Republican, a Whig newspaper; member, State house of representatives 1839-1840, 1846-1848, 1854, and served three years as speaker of the house; unsuccessful Whig candidate for Governor of Connecticut in 1850 and again in 1851; mayor of Norwich 1851-1852; elected in 1854 as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1860, and served from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1867; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-ninth Congress; chairman, Committee on Pensions (Thirty-seventh through Thirty-ninth Congresses); professor of law in Yale College in 1869; member, State house of representatives 1870, and was elected speaker but resigned to accept a judicial position; associate justice of the Connecticut supreme court 1870-1876, when he retired; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to the Forty-fourth Congress; died of malarial fever in Norwich, Conn., September 19, 1880; interment in Yantic Cemetery.

KEITT, Laurence Massillon, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Orangeburg District, S.C., October 4, 1824; pursued classical studies and was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1843; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Orangeburg; member of the state house of representatives, 1848-1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, to July 16, 1856, when he resigned after the Thirty-fourth Congress censured him on July 15, 1856, for his role in the assault made upon Senator Charles Sumner on May 22, 1856; again elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; reelected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from August 6, 1856, until his retirement in December 1860; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Thirty-fifth Congress); delegate to the secession convention of South Carolina; member of the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy in Montgomery, Ala., in February 1861 and in Richmond, Va., in July 1861; raised the Twentieth South Carolina Regiment of Volunteers and was commissioned its colonel on January 11, 1862; subsequently promoted to the rank of brigadier general; wounded in the Battle of Cold Harbor, near Richmond, Va., and died as a result of his wounds the following day, June 4, 1864; interment in the family cemetery, near St. Matthews, S.C.

BRANCH, Lawrence O’Bryan,  (father of William Augustus Blount Branch and nephew of John Branch), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Enfield, Halifax County, N.C., November 28, 1820; pursued a preparatory course under a private teacher in Washington, D.C., and at the Bingham Military Academy in North Carolina; attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for a short time and was graduated from Princeton College in 1838; studied law at Nashville, Tenn., and owned and edited a newspaper there; moved to Tallahassee, Fla., in 1840; was admitted to the bar in Florida in 1840 by a special act of the legislature and commenced practice in Tallahassee; fought in the Seminole War in 1841; moved to Raleigh, N.C., in 1852 and continued the practice of law; president of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad Co.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1861); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Buchanan December 2, 1860, but declined; entered the Confederate Army in May 1861 and was appointed brigadier general the same year; senior brigadier general in A.P. Hill’s division, Stonewall Jackson’s corps; killed in the Battle of Antietam, Sharpsburg, Md., while in command of the Fourth Brigade, North Carolina Troops, September 17, 1862; interment in Old City Cemetery, Raleigh, N.C.

POWELL, Lazarus Whitehead, a Senator from Kentucky; born near Henderson, Henderson County, Ky., October 6, 1812; attended the common schools; graduated from St. Joseph College, Bardstown, Ky., in 1833; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Henderson in 1835; member, State house of representatives 1836; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket 1844; unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1848; Governor of Kentucky 1851-1855; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1865; resumed the practice of his profession; unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1867; died near Henderson, Ky., July 3, 1867; interment in Fernwood Cemetery.

BOWDEN, Lemuel Jackson,  (uncle of George Edwin Bowden), a Senator from Virginia; born in Williamsburg, James City County, Va., January 16, 1815; graduated from William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1838 and commenced practice in Williamsburg; member, State house of delegates 1841-1846; delegate to the Virginia constitutional conventions in 1849 and 1851; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1863, until his death in Washington, D.C., on January 2, 1864; interment in Congressional Cemetery.

MAISH, Levi, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Conewago Township, York County, Pa., November 22, 1837; attended the common schools and the York County Academy; taught school in Manchester Township and in York; during the Civil War recruited a company for the Union Army in 1862, and with it joined the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; was promoted to lieutenant colonel; promoted to colonel after the Battle of Fredericksburg; mustered out with his regiment at the expiration of its term of service May 21, 1863; attended lectures in the law department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1864; member of the State house of representatives in 1867 and 1868; appointed by the legislature in 1872 one of a commission to reexamine and reaudit the accounts of certain public officers of York County; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; elected to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; engaged in the practice of law in Washington, D.C., until his death there on February 26, 1899; interment in Arlington National Cemetery.

CASS, Lewis,  (great-great-grandfather of Cass Ballenger), a Senator from Michigan; born in Exeter, N.H., October 9, 1782; attended Exeter Academy; moved with his parents to Wilmington, Del., in 1799 and taught school there; moved to the Northwest Territory in 1801 and settled on a farm near Zanesville, Ohio; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1802; member, State house of representatives 1806; United States marshal for the district of Ohio 1807-1812, when he resigned to enlist in the Army; served in the United States Army 1813-1814, attaining the rank of brigadier general; military and civil Governor of Michigan Territory 1813-1831; settled in Detroit; appointed Secretary of War by President Andrew Jackson and served from 1831 to 1836, when he resigned, having been appointed to a diplomatic post; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France 1836-1842; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1845, until May 29, 1848, when he resigned, having been nominated for President of the United States; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirtieth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for President on the Democratic ticket in 1848; again elected to the United States Senate on January 20, 1849, to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; was reelected, and served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1857; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-third Congress; appointed Secretary of State by President James Buchanan and served from 1857 until his resignation in 1860; returned to Detroit, Mich., and engaged in literary pursuits; died in Detroit, Mich., June 17, 1866; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

CAMPBELL, Lewis Davis, (uncle of James Edwin Campbell), a Representative from Ohio; born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811; attended the public schools; apprenticed to learn the art of printing 1828-1831; published a Clay Whig newspaper in Hamilton, Ohio, 1831-1835; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1835 and practiced in Hamilton until 1850; engaged in agricultural pursuits; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1840, 1842, and 1844 to the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, and Twenty-ninth Congresses; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, and Thirty-third Congresses and as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1857); chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Thirty-fourth Congress); presented credentials as a Republican Member-elect to the Thirty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1857, to May 25, 1858, when he was succeeded by Clement L. Vallandigham, who successfully contested the election; was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; served in the Union Army as colonel of the Sixty-ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in 1861 and 1862; appointed by President Andrew Johnson as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico on May 4, 1866, and served until June 16, 1867, when he resigned; elected to the State senate in 1869 and resigned in 1870; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; delegate to the third State constitutional convention in 1873; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, on November 26, 1882; interment in Greenwood Cemetery.

MORRILL, Lot Myrick, (brother of Anson Peaslee Morrill), a Senator from Maine; born in Belgrade, Maine, May 3, 1813; attended the district schools and Waterville (now Colby) College, Maine; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Readfield; moved to Augusta in 1841; member, State house of representatives 1854, and senate 1856, and was elected president of the senate; Governor of Maine 1858-1860; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hannibal Hamlin; reelected in 1863 and served from January 17, 1861, to March 3, 1869; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; resumed the practice of law in Augusta; appointed in 1869 and subsequently elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Pitt Fessenden; reelected in 1871 and served from October 30, 1869, until his resignation on July 7, 1876; chairman, Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expense (Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses), Committee on the District of Columbia (Thirty-ninth Congress), Committee on Appropriations (Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses), Committee on the Library (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses); Secretary of the Treasury of the United States under President Ulysses Grant 1876-1877; appointed by President Rutherford Hayes collector of customs in Portland from 1877 until his death; died in Augusta, Maine, on January 10, 1883; interment in Forest Grove Cemetery.

WIGFALL, Louis Trezevant, a Senator from Texas; was born near Edgefield, Edgefield District, S.C., April 21, 1816; pursued classical studies; attended the University of Virginia and graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1837; served as a lieutenant of Volunteers in the Seminole War in Florida in 1835; attended the law department of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Edgefield, S.C.; moved to Marshall, Tex., in 1848; member, State house of representatives 1849-1850; member, State senate 1857-1860; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. Pinckney Henderson and served from December 5, 1859, until March 23, 1861, when he withdrew; expelled from the Senate in 1861 for support of the rebellion; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; represented the State of Texas in the Confederate Congress; after the war moved to London, England; returned to the United States in 1873 and settled in Baltimore, Md.; died in Galveston, Tex., February 18, 1874; interment in the Episcopal Cemetery.

CASWELL, Lucien Bonaparte, a Representative from Wisconsin; born in Swanton, Franklin County, Vt., November 27, 1827; moved to Wisconsin in 1837 with his parents, who settled near Lake Koshkonong, in Rock County; attended the common schools, Milton Academy, and Beloit College; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Fort Atkinson, Wis.; district attorney of Jefferson County in 1855 and 1856; served on the local school board for nearly sixty-five years; organized the First National Bank of Fort Atkinson in 1863, the Northwestern Manufacturing Co. in 1866, and the Citizens’ State Bank in 1885; member of the State assembly in 1863, 1872, and 1874; during the Civil War served as commissioner of the second district board of enrollment from September 1863 to May 5, 1865; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1883); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882; elected to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890; resumed the practice of law in Fort Atkinson, Jefferson County, Wis.; died in Fort Atkinson, Wis., April 26, 1919; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

GARTRELL, Lucius Jeremiah, (uncle of Choice Boswell Randell), a Representative from Georgia; born near Washington, Wilkes County, Ga., January 7, 1821; attended private schools, Randolph-Macon College, and Franklin College, Georgia; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and practiced in Washington, Ga.; moved to Atlanta, Ga.; elected solicitor general of the northern judicial circuit in 1843; resigned in 1847; member of the State house of representatives 1847-1850; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, to January 23, 1861, when he retired, giving his adherence to the Southern Confederacy; organized the Seventh Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Infantry, of which he was elected colonel; resigned his commission January 3, 1862, having been elected to the Confederate Congress and served until 1864; appointed in 1864 brigadier general in the Confederate service; resumed the practice of law; member of the State constitutional convention in 1877; unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1882; died in Atlanta, Ga., April 7, 1891; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

LAMAR, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus,  (uncle of William Bailey Lamar and cousin of Absalom Harris Chappell), a Representative and a Senator from Mississippi; born near Eatonton, Putnam County, Ga., September 17, 1825; attended schools in Baldwin and Newton Counties; graduated from Emory College, Oxford, Ga., in 1845; studied law in Macon; admitted to the bar in 1847; moved to Oxford, Miss., in 1849, where he practiced law and served one year as professor of mathematics in the University of Mississippi at Oxford; moved to Covington, Ga., in 1852 and practiced law; member, Georgia State house of representatives 1853; returned to Mississippi in 1855; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until his retirement in December 1860 to become a member of the secession convention of Mississippi; drafted the Mississippi ordinance of secession; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as lieutenant colonel until 1862; entered the diplomatic service of the Confederacy in 1862 and was sent on a special mission to Russia, France, and England; member of the State constitutional conventions in 1865, 1868, 1875, 1877, and 1881; professor of metaphysics, social science, and law at the University of Mississippi; elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1877); did not seek renomination in 1876, having been elected Senator; chairman, Committee on Pacific Railroads (Forty-fourth Congress); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1876; reelected in 1883 and served from March 4, 1877, until March 6, 1885, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet post; chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Railroads (Forty-sixth Congress); Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Grover Cleveland 1885-1888; appointed by President Cleveland to be Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and was confirmed January 16, 1888; served until his death in Vineville, Ga., January 23, 1893; interment in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Ga.; reinterment in St. Peter’s Cemetery, Oxford, Miss., in 1894.

TRUMBULL, Lyman, a Senator from Illinois; born in Colchester, Conn., October 12, 1813; attended Bacon Academy; taught school in Connecticut 1829-1833; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Greenville, Ga.; moved to Belleville, Ill., 1837; member, State house of representatives 1840-1841; secretary of State of Illinois in 1841 and 1843; justice of the supreme court of Illinois 1848-1853; elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress in 1854, but before the beginning of the Congress was elected to the United States Senate; reelected in 1861 and again in 1867, and served from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1873; was at various times a Democrat, then Republican, then Liberal Republican, then Democrat; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Thirty-seventh through Forty-second Congresses); resumed the practice of law in Chicago, Ill.; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Illinois in 1880; died in Chicago, Ill., June 25, 1896; interment in Oakwoods Cemetery.

PARROTT, Marcus Junius, a Delegate from Kansas; born in Hamburg, Aiken County, S.C., October 27, 1828; attended the common schools, and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1849; studied law at Cambridge University; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Dayton, Ohio; member of the State house of representatives in 1853 and 1854; moved to Leavenworth, Kans., in 1855; court reporter of the first session of the Territorial supreme court in 1855; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, to January 29, 1861, when the Territory of Kansas was admitted as a State into the Union; unsuccessful candidate for election on the Independent ticket to the Thirty-eighth Congress and on the Democratic ticket to the Forty-third Congress; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Leavenworth, Kans.; died in Dayton, Ohio, October 4, 1879; interment in Woodland Cemetery.

CRAWFORD, Martin Jenkins, a Representative from Georgia; born in Jasper County, Ga., March 17, 1820; attended Brownwood Institute and Mercer University, Macon, Ga.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced in Hamilton, Ga.; also engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1845-1847; moved to Columbus, Ga., in 1849; delegate to the Southern convention at Nashville in May 1850; judge of the superior courts of the Chattahoochee circuit from February 1, 1854, to November 1854; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1855, until January 23, 1861, when he withdrew; elected to the Confederate Provisional Congress and served from January 1861 to February 22, 1862; appointed by President Davis a special commissioner to the Government of the United States at Washington; raised the Third Georgia Cavalry Regiment in May 1862; served with it one year, and was then placed on the staff with Maj. Gen. Howell Cobb, where he served until the close of the Civil War; appointed judge of the superior court of the Chattahoochee circuit to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge James Johnson on October 1, 1875; reappointed in 1877 and served until February 9, 1880, when he resigned; appointed February 10, 1880, to the supreme court of Georgia to fill a vacancy; reappointed, and served until his death in Columbus, Ga., July 23, 1883; interment in Linnwood Cemetery.

BATES, Martin Waltham, a Senator from Delaware; born in Salisbury, Conn., February 24, 1786; attended the common schools; moved to Delaware and taught school for several years; studied medicine and later studied law; admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Dover, Kent County, Del.; member, State house of representatives 1826; delegate to the State constitutional convention 1852; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John M. Clayton and served from January 14, 1857, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858; resumed the practice of law until his death in Dover, Del., January 1, 1869; interment in the Old Methodist Cemetery.

TAPPAN, Mason Weare, a Representative from New Hampshire; born in Newport, Sullivan County, N.H., October 20, 1817; moved to Bradford, N.H., with his parents; attended private schools and the Hopkinton and Meriden Academies; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Bradford, N.H.; served in the state house of representatives 1853-1855; elected as an American Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and reelected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirty-sixth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1860; during the Civil War served in the Union Army as colonel of the First Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry; again a member of the state house of representatives in 1860 and 1861; resumed the practice of law; appointed attorney general of the state in 1876, which position he held until his death in Bradford, Merrimack County, N.H., October 25, 1886; interment in Pleasant Hill Cemetery.

BUTLER, Matthew Calbraith, (grandson of William Butler [1759-1821], son of William Butler [1790-1850], and nephew of Andrew Pickens Butler), a Senator from South Carolina; born near Greenville, Greenville County, S.C., March 8, 1836; attended the local academy in Edgefield, S.C., and South Carolina College at Columbia; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1857 and commenced practice in Edgefield; elected to the State house of representatives in 1860; entered the Confederate Army as captain in June 1861 and served throughout the Civil War, attaining the rank of major general; again elected to the State house of representatives in 1866; unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 1870; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1876; reelected in 1882 and again in 1888 and served from March 4, 1877, until March 3, 1895; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-third Congress); resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C.; appointed major general of United States Volunteers during the Spanish-American War, and was one of the commissioners appointed to supervise the evacuation of Cuba by the Spanish forces in 1898; returned to Edgefield, S.C., and resumed the practice of law; died in Columbia, S.C., April 14, 1909; interment in Willow Brook Cemetery, Edgefield, S.C.

FILLMORE, Millard, a Representative from New York, Vice President and 13th President of the United States; born in Locke Township (now Summerhill), Cayuga County, N.Y., January 7, 1800; reared on a farm; largely self-taught; apprenticed to a clothier; taught school in Buffalo while studying law; admitted to the bar in 1823 and commenced practice in East Aurora, N.Y.; moved to Buffalo, N.Y., in 1830; member, State assembly 1829-1831; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1833-March 3, 1835); elected to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1843); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1842; unsuccessful Whig candidate for Governor in 1844; State comptroller 1847-1849; elected Vice President of the United States on the Whig ticket headed by Zachary Taylor in 1848, and was inaugurated March 4, 1849; became President upon the death of President Taylor and served from July 10, 1850, to March 3, 1853; unsuccessful candidate for the Whig nomination for president in 1852; unsuccessful candidate for president on the National American ticket in 1856; commanded a corps of home guards during the Civil War; traveled extensively; died in Buffalo, N.Y., March 8, 1874; interment in Forest Lawn Cemetery.

BONHAM, Milledge Luke, a Representative from South Carolina; born near Red Bank (now Saluda), Edgefield District, S.C., December 25, 1813; attended private schools in Edgefield District and at Abbeville, S.C.; was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1834; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Edgefield in 1837; served as major and adjutant general of the South Carolina Brigade in the Seminole War in Florida in 1836; during the Mexican War was lieutenant colonel and colonel of the Twelfth Regiment, United States Infantry; major general of the South Carolina Militia; member of the State house of representatives 1840-1843; solicitor of the southern circuit of South Carolina 1848-1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until his retirement on December 21, 1860; appointed major general and commander of the Army of South Carolina by Gov. F. W. Pickens in February 1861; appointed brigadier general in the Confederate Army April 19, 1861; resigned his commission January 27, 1862, to enter the Confederate Congress; elected Governor of South Carolina in December 1862 and served until December 1864; appointed brigadier general of Cavalry in the Confederate Army in February 1865; again a member of the State house of representatives 1865-1866; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1868; member of the South Carolina taxpayers’ convention in 1871 and 1874; resumed the practice of law in Edgefield, engaged in planting, and also conducted an insurance business in Edgefield, S.C., and Atlanta, Ga., 1865-1878; appointed State railroad commissioner in 1878 and served until his death at White Sulphur Springs, N.C., August 27, 1890; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Columbia, S.C.

GIDDINGS, Napoleon Bonaparte, a Delegate from the Territory of Nebraska; born near Boonsborough, Clark County, Ky., January 2, 1816; moved with his parents to Fayette, Howard County, Mo., in 1828; attended the common schools; during the Texas war of independence enlisted in the army in 1836 and became sergeant major of his regiment; when Texas had gained her independence he was appointed chief clerk in the auditor’s office of the Republic of Texas; served as acting auditor until his resignation in 1838; returned to Fayette, Mo., studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 and commenced practice in Fayette, Mo.; commissioned as captain of Company A, Second Regiment, Missouri Mounted Volunteers, in the Mexican War July 22, 1846, and served until March 3, 1847; edited the Union Flag in Franklin County, Mo.; went to California and engaged in gold mining; returned to Missouri, settled in Savannah, and practiced law; moved to Nebraska City, Nebr., and continued the practice of law; when the Territory of Nebraska was formed was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress and served from January 5, to March 3, 1855; was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; resumed the practice of law in Savannah, Mo.; was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Fifty-first Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry and served from April 11, 1865, to August 31, 1865, when he was honorably discharged; died in Savannah, Mo., August 3, 1897; interment in the City Cemetery.

CLIFFORD, Nathan, a Representative from Maine; born in Rumney, N.H., August 18, 1803; attended the public schools of Rumney, the Haverhill (N.H.) Academy, and New Hampton Literary Institute; taught school and gave vocal lessons; studied law in New York; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Newfield, York County, Maine, in 1824; member of the State house of representatives 1830-1834 and served as speaker the last two years; attorney general 1834-1838; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; Attorney General of the United States in the Cabinet of President Polk and served from October 17, 1846, to March 17, 1848; commissioner to Mexico, with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, from March 18, 1848, to September 6, 1849; through him the treaty was arranged with the Mexican Government by which California became a part of the United States; resumed the practice of law in Portland, Maine; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, January 28, 1858, and served until his death; president of the electoral commission convened in 1877; died in Cornish, York County, Maine, on July 25, 1881; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Portland, Maine.

GOFF, Nathan,  (father of Guy Despard Goff and grandfather of Louise Goff Reece), a Representative and a Senator from West Virginia; born in Clarksburg, Harrison County, Va. (now West Virginia), February 9, 1843; attended the Northwestern Academy, Clarksburg, W.Va., and Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.; studied law and graduated from the University of the City of New York; during the Civil War enlisted in the Union Army in 1861 in the Third Regiment of Virginia Volunteer Infantry, later became a major in the Virginia Volunteer Cavalry; admitted to the bar in 1865 and practiced law; member, State house of delegates 1867-1868; United States attorney for West Virginia 1868-1881; appointed Secretary of the Navy by President Rutherford Hayes 1881; reappointed United States attorney for West Virginia 1881-1882; unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to Congress in 1870 and 1874; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of West Virginia in 1876 and 1888; elected as a Republican to the Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, and Fiftieth Congresses (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1889); was not a candidate for renomination; United States circuit judge for the fourth judicial circuit 1892-1913; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate for the term commencing March 4, 1913, but did not immediately take his seat, preferring to remain on the bench, and served from April 1, 1913, to March 3, 1919; not a candidate for reelection in 1918; chairman, Committee on Conservation of Natural Resources (Sixty-fifth Congress), Committee on Industrial Expositions (Sixty-fifth Congress); died in Clarksburg, W.Va., April 24, 1920; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

HALL, Nathan Kelsey, a Representative from New York; born in Marcellus, Onondaga County, N.Y., March 28, 1810; moved to Erie County in early youth with his parents; attended the district school; became engaged as a shoemaker and also in agricultural pursuits; studied law in Buffalo with Millard Fillmore; was admitted to the bar in 1832 and practiced in Buffalo; from 1831 to 1837 held various local county and town offices in Erie County, including deputy clerk of the county, clerk of the board of supervisors, and city attorney; member of the board of aldermen; appointed by Governor Seward in 1839 master in chancery; judge of Erie County from January 1841 to January 1845; member of the State assembly in 1846; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); was not a candidate for renomination in 1848; appointed Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Fillmore and served from July 23, 1850, to August 31, 1852; appointed United States district judge for the western district of New York August 31, 1852, and held the position until his death in Buffalo, N.Y., March 2, 1874; interment in Forest Lawn Cemetery.

BANKS, Nathaniel Prentice, a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Waltham, Mass., January 30, 1816; attended the common schools; a machinist by trade; editor of a weekly paper in Waltham, Mass.; clerk in the customhouse in Boston, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the Suffolk County bar and commenced practice in Boston; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1852, for two years serving as speaker; member of the State constitutional convention of 1853; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress, as the candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1853, until he resigned December 24, 1857, to become Governor; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-fourth Congress); Governor of Massachusetts from January 1858, until January 1861; moved to Chicago, Ill.; vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad; entered the Union Army as a major general of Volunteers May 16, 1861; honorably mustered out August 24, 1865; returned to Massachusetts; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel W. Gooch; reelected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses and served from December 4, 1865, to March 3, 1873; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-ninth through Forty-second Congresses); unsuccessful Liberal and Democratic candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; member of the State senate in 1874; elected as an Independent to the Forty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; appointed United States marshal on March 11, 1879, and served until April 23, 1888; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; died in Waltham, Middlesex County, Mass., September 1, 1894; interment in Grove Hill Cemetery.

JUDD, Norman Buel,  (grandfather of Norman Judd Gould), a Representative from Illinois; born in Rome, N.Y., January 10, 1815; received a liberal schooling; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1836 and commenced practice in Rome, N.Y.; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1836 and continued the practice of his profession; city attorney 1837-1839; member of the State senate 1844-1860; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Berlin by President Lincoln March 6, 1861, and served until 1865; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1871); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1870; appointed collector at the port of Chicago by President Grant December 5, 1872, and served until his death in Chicago, Ill., November 11, 1878; interment in Graceland Cemetery.

MORTON, Oliver Hazard Perry Throck, a Senator from Indiana; born in Salisbury, Wayne County, Ind., August 4, 1823; attended a private school in Springfield, Ohio; apprenticed to a hatter and worked at the trade four years; attended Wayne County Seminary, Centerville, Ind., and Miami University, Oxford, Ohio; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Centerville; elected judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Indiana in 1852; unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor in 1856; elected lieutenant governor in 1860 and upon the election of the Governor to the United States Senate became Governor of Indiana in 1861; elected Governor in 1864; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1867; reelected in 1873 and served from March 4, 1867, until his death; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Forty-first Congress), Committee on Agriculture (Forty-second Congress), Committee on Privileges and Elections (Forty-second through Forty-fifth Congresses); appointed a member of the Electoral Commission of 1877, to decide the contests in various states in the presidential election of 1876; died in Indianapolis, Ind., November 1, 1877; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery.

BROWNING, Orville Hickman, a Senator from Illinois; born in Cynthiana, Harrison County, Ky., February 10, 1806; attended Augusta College; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1831; moved to Quincy, Ill., in 1831 and practiced; served in the Illinois Volunteers during the Black Hawk War 1832; member, State senate 1836-1843; unsuccessful candidate for election as a Whig in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress and in 1852 to the Thirty-third Congress; delegate to the anti-Nebraska convention held at Bloomington, Ill., in May 1856, which laid the foundations of the Republican Party; appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Stephen A. Douglas and served from June 26, 1861, to January 12, 1863, when a successor was elected; was not a candidate for election in 1863; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-seventh Congress); appointed by President Andrew Johnson as Secretary of the Interior 1866-1869, also discharging for a time the duties of Attorney General; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1869; resumed the practice of law; died in Quincy, Adams County, Ill., August 10, 1881; interment in Woodland Cemetery.

LOVEJOY, Owen,  (cousin of Nathan Allen Farwell), a Representative from Illinois; born in Albion, Maine, on January 6, 1811; attended the common schools and was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1832; studied law but never practiced; studied theology; moved to Alton, Madison County, Ill., in 1836; ordained pastor of the Congregational Church in Princeton, Ill., 1839-1856; member of the State house of representatives in 1854; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until his death in Brooklyn, N.Y., March 25, 1864; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-seventh Congress), Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-eighth Congress); interment in Oakland Cemetery, Princeton, Ill.

STEARNS, Ozora Pierson, a Senator from Minnesota; born in De Kalb, St. Lawrence County, N.Y., January 15, 1831; moved to Ohio in 1833 with his parents, who settled in Lake County; attended Oberlin (Ohio) College, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1858 and from the law department of that university in 1860; admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Rochester, Minn.; elected prosecuting attorney of Olmstead County in 1861; mayor of Rochester 1866-1868; served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a lieutenant, and then colonel; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on January 18, 1871, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Daniel S. Norton and served from January 23 to March 3, 1871; was not a candidate for reelection; moved to Duluth, Minn., in 1872 and practiced law; judge of the eleventh judicial district of Minnesota 1874-1895; regent of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis 1890-1895; died in Pacific Beach, Calif., June 2, 1896; remains were cremated in Los Angeles and the ashes interred in Forest Hill Cemetery, Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn.

IHRIE, Peter, Jr., a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Easton, Pa., February 3, 1796; completed preparatory studies; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1815; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1818 and commenced practice in Easton, Pa.; charter member of the board of trustees of Lafayette College in 1826; member of the State house of representatives in 1826 and 1827; brigadier general of State militia in 1845; elected as a Jacksonian candidate to the Twenty-first Congress to fill in part the vacancies caused by the resignation of George Wolf and Samuel D. Ingraham; reelected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-second Congress and served from October 13, 1829, to March 3, 1833; member of the board of directors of the Easton Bank; died in Easton, Pa., on March 29, 1871; interment in Easton Cemetery.

THOMAS, Philip Francis, a Representative and Senator-elect from Maryland; born in Easton, Talbot County, Md., September 12, 1810; attended the academy in Easton, and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1830; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1831 and commenced practice in Easton, Md.; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1836; member of the State house of delegates in 1838, 1843, and 1845; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1841); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1840; resumed the practice of law; Governor of Maryland 1848-1851; judge of the land office court of eastern Maryland; Comptroller of the United States Treasury 1851-1853; collector of the port of Baltimore, Md., 1853-1860; United States Commissioner of Patents from February 16 to December 10, 1860; appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Buchanan and served from December 10, 1860, to January 11, 1861; again a member of the State house of delegates in 1863; presented credentials as a Senator-elect to the United States Senate for the term beginning March 4, 1867, but was not seated; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1878; again elected a member of the State house of delegates in 1878 and 1883; delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1883; resumed the practice of law in Easton, Md.; died in Baltimore, Md., October 2, 1890; interment in Spring Hill Cemetery, Easton, Md.

YOUNG, Pierce Manning Butler, a Representative from Georgia; born in Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, S.C., on November 15, 1836; moved with his parents to Georgia in 1839; studied under private tutors and was graduated from Georgia Military Institute at Marietta in 1856; studied law; entered the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1857 and resigned two months before graduation to enter the Confederate Army as a second lieutenant; served throughout the Civil War, attaining the rank of major general; settled in Cartersville, Ga., after the war and engaged in agricultural pursuits; upon the readmission of the State of Georgia to representation was elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth Congress and served from July 25, 1868, to March 3, 1869; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-first Congress, but the House decided he was not entitled to the seat; subsequently elected to fill the vacancy thus caused; reelected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses and served from December 22, 1870, to March 3, 1875; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1874; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1872, 1876, and 1880; resumed agricultural pursuits; appointed United States commissioner to the Paris Exposition in 1878; consul general at St. Petersburg, Russia, 1885-1887; envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Guatemala and Honduras by appointment of President Grover Cleveland 1893-1896; died in the Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, July 6, 1896; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Cartersville, Ga.

SOULÉ, Pierre, a Senator from Louisiana; born in Castillon-en-Couserans, near Bordeaux, France, August 31, 1801; attended the Jesuit College at Toulouse and later an academy in Bordeaux; exiled to Navarre at the age of fifteen for anti-Bourbon activity and worked as a shepherd boy in the Pyrennes for a year; pardoned in 1818 and returned to school in Bordeaux; studied law in Paris and practiced; engaged in journalism; imprisoned for publishing revolutionary articles in 1825, but escaped to England; went to Haiti in 1825, and then to the United States; after travelling around the nation, commenced the practice of law in New Orleans, La.; member, State senate 1846; elected as a Democrat in 1846 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alexander Barrow and served from January 21 to March 3, 1847; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 3, 1849, to April 11, 1853, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-second Congress); Minister to Spain from 1853 until his resignation in 1855; author of the Ostend Manifesto in 1854, outlining the attitude the United States should take in regard to Cuba; resumed the practice of law in New Orleans, La.; was opposed to secession, but abided by the action of his State; when New Orleans was captured, he was arrested and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette, N.Y., for several months; paroled to Boston and fled to the Bahamas; travelled to Richmond, Va., to aid the Confederacy; moved to Havana, Cuba, but subsequently returned to New Orleans, La., and died there March 26, 1870; interment in St. Louis Cemetery No. 2.

BROOKS, Preston Smith, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Edgefield District, S.C., August 5, 1819; attended the common schools and was graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1839; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Edgefield, S.C.; member of the State house of representatives in 1844; served in the Mexican War as captain in the Palmetto Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, until July 15, 1856, when he resigned even though the attempt to expel him for his assault upon Charles Sumner on May 22, 1856, had failed through lack of the necessary two-thirds vote; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Thirty-fourth Congress); reelected to the Thirty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation and served from August 1, 1856, until his death in Washington, D.C., January 27, 1857; had been reelected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; interment in Willow Brook Cemetery, Edgefield, S.C.

GIBSON, Randall Lee, a Representative and a Senator from Louisiana; born September 10, 1832, at Spring Hill, near Versailles, Woodford County, Ky.; was educated by a private tutor at ‘Live Oak,’ his father’s plantation in Terrebonne Parish, La.; graduated from Yale College in 1853 and from the law department of the University of Louisiana (later Tulane University), New Orleans, La., in 1855; traveled in Europe for several years; engaged in planting until the outbreak of the Civil War; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861 and served until 1864, when he was promoted to brigadier general; after the war was admitted to the bar and practiced in New Orleans, La.; resumed agricultural pursuits; served as administrator of the Howard Memorial Library, trustee of the Peabody Fund, Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and as president of the board of administrators of Tulane University, New Orleans, La.; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1883); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1882; reelected in 1889 and served from March 4, 1883, until his death at Hot Springs, Ark., December 15, 1892; interment Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, Ky.

JOHNSON, Reverdy,  (brother-in-law of Thomas Fielder Bowie), a Senator from Maryland; born in Annapolis, Md., May 21, 1796; graduated, St. John’s College, Annapolis, Md., 1811; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1815 and commenced practice in Upper Marlboro; deputy attorney general of Maryland 1816-1817; moved to Baltimore in 1817; appointed chief commissioner of insolvent debtors of Maryland in 1817; member, State senate 1821-1829; resumed the practice of law in Baltimore; elected to the United States Senate as a Whig and served from March 4, 1845, to March 7, 1849, when he resigned to become Attorney General; appointed by President Zachary Taylor Attorney General of the United States 1849-1850; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; member, State house of representatives 1860-1861; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1863, to July 10, 1868, when he resigned; United States Minister to England in 1868 and 1869; returned to Baltimore, Md., where he resumed the practice of his profession; compiler of the reports of decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals; died in Annapolis, Md., February 10, 1876; interment in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.

BEALE, Richard Lee Turberville, a Representative from Virginia; born in Hickory Hill, Westmoreland County, Va., May 22, 1819; attended private schools in Westmoreland County, Northumberland Academy and Rappahannock Academy, Virginia, and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1837; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice at Hague, Westmoreland County, Va.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1848; member of the Virginia constitutional convention in 1850-1851; member of the State senate 1858-1860; during the Civil War rose through a series of promotions from lieutenant to brigadier general in the Confederate Army; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Beverly B. Douglas; reelected to the Forty-sixth Congress and served from January 23, 1879, to March 3, 1881; resumed the practice of law; died near Hague, Westmoreland County April 21, 1893; interment in Hickory Hill Cemetery.

HALDEMAN, Richard Jacobs, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Harrisburg, Pa., May 19, 1831; pursued an academic course, and was graduated from Yale College in 1851; attended Heidelberg and Berlin Universities; United States attaché of the legation at Paris in 1853 and later occupied similar positions at St. Petersburg and Vienna; returned to Harrisburg and purchased the Daily and Weekly Patriot and Union and was its editor until 1860; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Baltimore and Charleston in 1860; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; retired from active pursuits; died in Harrisburg, Pa., October 1, 1886; interment in Harrisburg Cemetery.

WEIGHTMAN, Richard Hanson, a Delegate from the Territory of New Mexico; born in Washington, D.C., December 28, 1816; attended private schools in Washington, D.C., and Alexandria, Va.; graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1834; attended the United States Military Academy at West Point 1835-1837; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1841 in the District of Columbia, but did not practice; moved to St. Louis, Mo., and on May 28, 1846, was elected captain of Clark’s Battalion, Missouri Volunteer Light Artillery, in the Mexican War; he served as Additional Paymaster, Volunteers, in the Army in 1848 and 1849; moved to New Mexico in 1851 and edited a newspaper in Santa Fe; appointed agent for Indians in New Mexico in July 1851; elected as a Democrat and the Territory’s first Delegate to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for reelection in 1852; resumed newspaper work; moved to Kickapo and Atcheson, Kans., in 1858, and went to Independence, Mo., in 1861; elected colonel, First Regiment Cavalry, Eighth Division, Missouri State Guard, Confederate States Army, June 11, 1861; promoted to command of First Brigade, Eighth Division, June 20, 1861; killed while commanding the First Brigade at Wilson Creek, Mo., August 10, 1861; interment on the battlefield near Springfield, Mo.

WHITELEY, Richard Henry, a Representative and Senator-elect from Georgia; born in County Kildare, Ireland, December 22, 1830; immigrated to the United States in 1836 with his parents, who settled in Georgia; received private instruction in elementary education; engaged in manufacturing; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Bainbridge, Ga.; opposed secession, but after the adoption of the ordinance entered the Confederate Army and served throughout the Civil War, attaining the rank of major; member of the State constitutional convention in 1867; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1866 to the Fortieth Congress; presented credentials as a Senator-elect to the United States Senate on July 15, 1870, to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1865, but as the election took place prior to the readmission of Georgia into the Union was not admitted to a seat; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the House declaring Nelson Tift not entitled to the seat; reelected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses and served from December 22, 1870, to March 3, 1875; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Forty-fourth Congress and for election to the Forty-fifth Congress; moved to Boulder, Colo., in 1877 and resumed the practice of his profession; died in Boulder, Colo., September 26, 1890; interment in the Masonic Cemetery.

OGLESBY, Richard James,  (cousin of Woodson Ratcliffe Oglesby), a Senator from Illinois; born in Floydsburg, Oldham County, Ky., July 25, 1824; orphaned and raised by an uncle in Decatur, Ill.; received a limited schooling; worked as a farmer, rope-maker, and carpenter; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1845 and commenced practice in Sullivan, Ill.; during the Mexican War served as first lieutenant of Company C, Fourth Illinois Regiment; spent two years mining in California; returned to Decatur, Ill., and resumed the practice of law; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; elected to the State senate in 1860 and served during one session, when he resigned to enter the Union Army during the Civil War; served as colonel, brigadier general, and major general of the Eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry; Governor of Illinois 1865-1869; again elected Governor in 1872 and served from January 13, 1873, until his resignation on January 23, 1873, having been elected Senator; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1879; declined to be a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses); Governor of Illinois 1885-1889; retired to his farm, “Oglehurst,” Elkhart, Ill., where he died on April 24, 1899; interment in Elkhart Cemetery.

THOMPSON, Richard Wigginton, a Representative from Indiana; born near Culpeper Court House, Culpeper County, Va., June 9, 1809; pursued classical studies; moved to Louisville, Ky., in 1831; clerked in a store; moved to Lawrence County, Ind., in 1831; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and began practice in Bedford, Lawrence County, Ind.; member of the State house of representatives 1834-1836; served in the State senate 1836-1838 and for a short time as president pro tempore; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for renomination in 1842; moved to Terre Haute, Ind., in 1843; city attorney in 1846 and 1847; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Elections (Thirtieth Congress); declined a renomination; commander of Camp Thompson, Ind., and provost marshal 1861-1865; appointed by President Lincoln collector of internal revenue for the seventh district of Indiana and served one term; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868 and 1876; judge of the fifth Indiana circuit court 1867-1869; appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Hayes and served from March 12, 1877, until his resignation December 21, 1880; chairman of the American Committee of the Panama Canal Co. in 1881; director of the Panama Railroad Co. 1881-1888; died in Terre Haute, Ind., February 9, 1900; interment in High Lawn Cemetery.

YATES, Richard,  (father of Richard Yates [1860-1936]), a Representative and a Senator from Illinois; born in Warsaw, Gallatin County, Ky., January 18, 1815; attended the common schools; moved to Illinois in 1831; graduated from Illinois College, Jacksonville, Ill, in 1835; studied law at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.; admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Ill.; member, State house of representatives 1842-1845, 1848-1849; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1855); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; Governor of Illinois 1861-1865; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1863; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1871; was not a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-ninth and Forty-first Congresses), Committee on Territories (Fortieth Congress); appointed by President Ulysses Grant as a United States commissioner to inspect a land subsidy railroad; died suddenly in St. Louis, Mo., November 27, 1873; interment in Diamond Grove Cemetery, Jacksonville, Ill.

TOOMBS, Robert Augustus, a Representative and a Senator from Georgia; born in Wilkes County, Ga., July 2, 1810; attended the University of Georgia at Athens and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1828; studied law at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Washington, Wilkes County, Ga., in 1830; commanded a company in the Creek War in 1836; member, State house of representatives 1837-1840, 1841-1843; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1853); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1852; reelected in 1858 and served from March 4, 1853, to February 4, 1861, when he withdrew in support of the Confederacy; member of the State sovereignty convention at Milledgeville, Ga., in 1861; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Provisional Congress; Secretary of State of the Confederate States; brigadier general in the Confederate Army; in order to avoid arrest at the end of the Civil War, fled to Havana and then to London; returned to his home in Washington, Ga., in 1867; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1877; died in Washington, Ga., December 15, 1885; interment in Rest Haven Cemetery.

RHETT, Robert Barnwell, a Representative and a Senator from South Carolina; born Robert Barnwell Smith in Beaufort, S.C., December 21, 1800; completed preparatory studies; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Beaufort in 1824; elected to the State house of representatives for St. Bartholomew’s Parish in 1826, 1828, 1830, and 1832; elected attorney general of South Carolina in 1832; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1849); changed his name to Robert Barnwell Rhett in 1838; member of the Nashville convention in 1850; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John C. Calhoun and served from December 18, 1850, until his resignation effective May 7, 1852; delegate to the South Carolina secession convention in 1860; delegate to the Confederate Provisional Congress in 1861; chairman of the committee which reported the constitution of the Confederate States; moved to St. James Parish, La., in 1867; died in St. James Parish, La., on September 14, 1876; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C.

VANCE, Robert Brank,  (nephew of Robert Brank Vance [1793-1827] and brother of Zebulon Baird Vance), a Representative from North Carolina; born on Reems Creek, near Asheville, Buncombe County, N.C., April 24, 1828; attended the common schools; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; clerk of the court of pleas and quarter sessions 1848-1856; during the Civil War was elected captain of a company in the Confederate Army; twice elected colonel of the Twenty-ninth North Carolina Regiment; appointed brigadier general in 1863; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Patents (Forty-fourth through Forty-sixth and Forty-eighth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1884 to the Forty-ninth Congress; United States Assistant Commissioner of Patents from April 11, 1885, to April 4, 1889, when he resigned; returned to North Carolina and settled in Alexander; member of the State house of representatives 1894-1896; died in Alexander, near Asheville, N.C., November 28, 1899; interment in Riverside Cemetery, Asheville, N.C.

BULLOCK, Robert, a Representative from Florida; born in Greenville, Pitt County, N.C., December 8, 1828; attended the common schools; moved to Florida in 1844 and settled at Fort King, then a United States Government post, near the present city of Ocala; taught in the first school in Sumter County; clerk of the circuit court of Marion County from November 13, 1849, to November 11, 1855; commissioned by the Governor in 1856 a captain to raise a mounted company of volunteers for the suppression of Indian hostilities; the company was mustered into the service of the United States and served eighteen months, until the cessation of hostilities; entered the Confederate Army as captain in the Seventh Regiment Florida Volunteers in 1862 and served until the close of the war; promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1863 and to brigadier general in 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866 and began practice in Marion County; judge of probate court 1866-1868; member of the State house of representatives in 1879; again clerk of the circuit court of Marion County from 1881 to 1889; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893); was not a candidate for renomination in 1892; engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected judge of Marion County in 1903 and served until his death in Ocala, Marion County, Fla., July 27, 1905; interment in Evergreen Cemetery.

DE LARGE, Robert Carlos, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Aiken, S.C., March 15, 1842; received such an education as was then attainable and was graduated from Wood High School; engaged in agricultural pursuits; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1868; member of the State house of representatives 1868-1870; was one of the State commissioners of the sinking fund; elected State land commissioner in 1870 and served until elected to Congress; presented credentials as a Republican Member-elect to the Forty-second Congress and served from March 4, 1871, until January 24, 1873, when the seat was declared vacant, the election having been contested by Christopher C. Bowen; local magistrate until his death in Charleston, S.C., February 14, 1874; interment in Brown Fellowship Graveyard.

SCHENCK, Robert Cumming, a Representative from Ohio; born in Franklin, Ohio, October 4, 1809; attended the rural schools and was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1827; became a professor in that university 1827-1829; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Dayton, Ohio; member of the State house of representatives 1839-1843; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Roads and Canals (Thirtieth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination; Minister to Brazil and also accredited to Uruguay, Argentine Confederation, and Paraguay, 1851-1853; entered the Union Army May 17, 1861, and served as brigadier general of Volunteers; promoted to major general September 18, 1862, to date from August 30, 1862; resigned his commission in the Army on December 3, 1863, to take his seat in Congress; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to January 5, 1871, when he resigned to accept a position in the diplomatic service; chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Ways and Means (Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress; Minister to Great Britain from December 1870 until March 1876, when he resigned; delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalist Convention in 1866; member of the Alabama Claims Commission in 1871; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., where he died March 23, 1890; interment in Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio.

HUNTER, Robert Mercer Taliaferro, a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born at “Mount Pleasant,” near Loretto, Essex County, Va., April 21, 1809; tutored at home; graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1828; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice at Lloyds; member, State general assembly 1834-1837; elected as a States-Rights Whig to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1843); Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Twenty-sixth Congress; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-eighth Congress; elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845-March 3, 1847); chairman, Committee on the District of Columbia (Twenty-ninth Congress); elected to the United States Senate in 1846; reelected in 1852 and 1858 and served from March 4, 1847, to March 28, 1861, when he withdrew; expelled from the Senate in 1861 for support of the rebellion; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings (Thirtieth through Thirty-second Congresses), Committee on Finance (Thirty-first through Thirty-sixth Congresses); delegate from Virginia to the Confederate Provincial Congress at Richmond; Confederate Secretary of State 1861-1862; served in the Confederate Senate from Virginia in the First and Second Congresses 1862-1865 and was President pro tempore on various occasions; was one of the peace commissioners that met with President Abraham Lincoln in Hampton Roads in February 1865; briefly imprisoned at the end of the Civil War; State treasurer of Virginia 1874-1880; collector for the port of Tappahannock, Va. 1885; died on his estate ‘Fonthill,’ near Lloyds, Va., on July 18, 1887; interment in ‘Elmwood,’ the family burial ground, near Loretto, Va.

WALKER, Robert John, a Senator from Mississippi; born in Northumberland, Pa., July 19, 1801; graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1819; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh, Pa., the following year; moved to Natchez, Miss., in 1826 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected, and served from March 4, 1835, to March 5, 1845, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-fourth through Twenty-sixth Congresses); Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President James K. Polk 1845-1849; declined the mission to China tendered by President Franklin Pierce in 1853; resumed the practice of law; appointed Governor of Kansas Territory in April 1857, but resigned in December 1857; United States financial agent to Europe 1863-1864; again engaged in the practice of law at Washington, D.C., and died there November 11, 1869; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

McCLELLAND, Robert, a Representative from Michigan; born in Greencastle, Franklin County, Pa., August 1, 1807; was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1829; engaged in teaching; studied law; was admitted to the bar in Chambersburg, Pa., in 1832; moved to Pittsburgh, Pa., and thence, in February 1833 to Monroe, Mich., and engaged in the practice of law; delegate to the convention called to frame a constitution for the proposed State of Michigan in 1835 and to the State constitutional conventions in 1850 and 1867; member of the board of regents of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1837 and 1850; member of the State house of representatives in 1837, 1839, and 1843, in the latter year being chosen speaker; mayor of Monroe in 1841; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1849); chairman, Committee on Commerce (Twenty-ninth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1848; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1848, 1852, and 1868; delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1850; Governor of Michigan 1851-1853; resigned to accept appointment as Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Pierce March 7, 1853, and served until March 6, 1857; resumed the practice of law in Detroit, Mich., where he died August 30, 1880; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.

McLANE, Robert Milligan,  (son of Louis McLane), a Representative from Maryland; born in Wilmington, Del., June 23, 1815; attended private schools in Wilmington, St. Mary’s College in Baltimore, and the College Bourbon in Paris; appointed a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point by President Jackson in 1833; was graduated in July 1837 and commissioned second lieutenant of Artillery; served with his regiment during the Seminole War in 1837 and 1838; transferred to the Corps of Topographical Engineers in 1838, and served until he resigned in 1843; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Baltimore, Md.; member of the State house of delegates in 1845; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Commerce (Thirty-first Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1850; appointed commissioner to China in 1853, with the powers of a Minister Plenipotentiary, and at the same time accredited to Japan, Siam, Korea, and Cochin China; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856 and 1876; appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Mexico March 7, 1859, and served until December 22, 1860; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; member of the State senate of Maryland in 1877; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1883); chairman, Committee on Pacific Railroads (Forty-sixth Congress); elected Governor of Maryland in 1883 and resigned in 1885; appointed by President Cleveland as United States Minister Plenipotentiary to France March 23, 1885, and served four years; died in Paris, France, April 16, 1898; interment in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.

HITT, Robert Roberts, a Representative from Illinois; born in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio, January 16, 1834; moved to Ogle County, Ill., in 1837 with his parents, who settled in Mount Morris; attended the Rock River Seminary (later Mount Morris College), and De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; first secretary of legation and Chargé d’Affaires ad interim in Paris from December 1874 until March 1881; Assistant Secretary of State in 1881; elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Robert M.A. Hawk; reelected to the Forty-eighth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses and served from November 7, 1882, until his death; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Fifty-first and Fifty-fourth through Fifty-ninth Congresses); Regent of the Smithsonian Institution from August 11, 1893, until his death; appointed by President McKinley in July 1898 as a member of the commission to establish government in the Hawaiian Islands; died at Narragansett Pier, R.I., September 20, 1906; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Mount Morris, Ogle County, Ill.

SMALLS, Robert, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Beaufort, S.C., April 5, 1839; moved to Charleston, S.C., in 1851; appointed pilot in the United States Navy and served throughout the Civil War; member of the State constitutional convention in 1868; served in the State house of representatives, 1868-1870; member of the State senate 1870-1874; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872 and 1876; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; successfully contested the election of George D. Tillman to the Forty-seventh Congress and served from July 19, 1882, to March 3, 1883; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882; elected to the Forty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edmund W.M. Mackey; reelected to the Forty-ninth Congress and served from March 18, 1884, to March 3, 1887; unsuccessful for reelection in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress; collector of the port of Beaufort, S.C., 1897-1913; died in Beaufort, S.C., February 22, 1915; interment in the Tabernacle Baptist Church Cemetery.

BARNWELL, Robert Woodward, (son of Robert Barnwell), a Representative and a Senator from South Carolina; born in Beaufort, Beaufort County, S.C., August 10, 1801; attended private schools in Beaufort and Charleston, S.C., and graduated from Harvard University in 1821; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Beaufort, S.C., in 1824; member, State house of representatives 1826-1828; elected to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses (March 4, 1829-March 3,1833); not a candidate for renomination in 1832; president of South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia 1835-1841, when he resigned; appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Franklin H. Elmore and served from June 4 to December 8, 1850, when a successor was elected and qualified; not a candidate for election; member of the Nashville convention in 1850; commissioner to the Federal Government from South Carolina regarding the secession of that State in December 1860; delegate to the convention of the seceding States in Montgomery, Ala., his being the deciding vote in the South Carolina delegation which carried the State for Jefferson Davis and made him President of the Southern Confederacy; member of the Confederate States Senate 1861-1865; chairman of the faculty of the University of South Carolina 1866-1873; conducted a private girls school in Columbia, S.C.; died in Columbia, Richland County, S.C., November 5, 1882; interment in St. Helena’s Churchyard, Beaufort, S.C.

BUTLER, Roderick Randum, (grandfather of Robert Reyburn Butler), a Representative from Tennessee; born in Wytheville, Va., April 9, 1827; bound as an apprentice and learned the tailor’s trade; moved to Taylorsville (now Mountain City), Tenn.; attended night school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Taylorsville; lawyer, private practice; appointed postmaster of Taylorsville by President Fillmore; major of the First Battalion of Tennessee Militia; member of the Tennessee state senate, 1859-1863 and 1893-1901; during the Civil War served in the Union Army as lieutenant colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment, Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry, November 5, 1863-April 25, 1864; delegate to the Republican National Conventions, 1864, 1872 and 1876; delegate to the Tennessee state constitutional convention, 1865; county judge and judge of the first judicial circuit of Tennessee, 1865; chairman of the first state Republican executive committee of Tennessee; delegate to the Baltimore Border State Convention; elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867-March 3, 1875); chairman, Committee on the Militia (Forty-third Congress); censured by the House of Representatives on March 17, 1870, for corruption in regard to an appointment to West Point; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Forty-fourth Congress in 1874; president of the Republican State conventions, 1869 and 1882; member of the Tennessee state house of representatives, 1879-1885; elected to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1889); was not a candidate for renomination in 1888; resumed the practice of law; died in Mountain City, Johnson County, Tenn., August 18, 1902; interment in Mountain View Cemetery.

PRYOR, Roger Atkinson, a Representative from Virginia; born near Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Va., July 19, 1828; was graduated from Hampden-Sidney College, Virginia, in 1845 and from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1848; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1849 and practiced a short time in Petersburg, but abandoned law on account of ill health; engaged on the editorial staff of the Washington Union in 1852 and the Richmond Enquirer in 1854; appointed special United States Minister to Greece in 1854; returned and established The South in 1857; associated himself with the staff of the Washington States; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William O. Goode and served from December 7, 1859, to March 3, 1861; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as a colonel in 1861 and brigadier general in 1863; later resigned his commission and reenlisted as a private soldier; member of the Virginia Confederate House of Representatives; captured by the Union troops in November 1864 and confined in Fort Lafayette, but soon afterward was released; moved to New York City and practiced law 1866-1890; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876; judge of the court of common pleas of New York 1890-1894; justice of the New York Supreme Court 1894-1899; retired upon reaching the age limit; appointed official referee by the appellate division of the supreme court April 10, 1912, and served until his death in New York City March 14, 1919; interment in Princeton Cemetery, Princeton, N.J.

CONKLING, Roscoe,  (son of Alfred Conkling and brother of Frederick Augustus Conkling), a Representative and a Senator from New York; born in Albany, N.Y., October 30, 1829; moved with his parents to Auburn, N.Y., in 1839; completed an academic course; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Utica, N.Y.; district attorney for Oneida County in 1850; mayor of Utica 1858; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate in 1862 for reelection; elected to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, until he resigned to become Senator, effective March 4, 1867; elected in 1867 as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1873 and again in 1879 and served from March 4, 1867, until May 16, 1881, when he resigned as a protest against the federal appointments made in New York State; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States (Fortieth through Forty-third Congresses), Committee on Commerce (Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-seventh Congresses), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses); resumed the practice of law in New York City; declined to accept a nomination to the United States Supreme Court in 1882; died in New York City, on April 18, 1888; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, N.Y.

HAYES, Rutherford Birchard, a Representative from Ohio and 19th President of the United States; born in Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio, October 4, 1822; attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in Middletown, Conn.; graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in August 1842 and from the Harvard Law School in January 1845; admitted to the bar on May 10, 1845, and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont); moved to Cincinnati in 1849 and resumed the practice of law; city solicitor 1857-1859; commissioned major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 27, 1861; lieutenant colonel October 24, 1861; colonel October 24, 1862; brigadier general of Volunteers October 9, 1864; brevetted major general of Volunteers March 3, 1865; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, to July 20, 1867, when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio; Governor 1868-1872; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress; again elected Governor and served from January 1876 to March 2, 1877, when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States; was inaugurated March 5, 1877, and served until March 3, 1881; died in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, January 17, 1893; interment in Oakwood Cemetery; following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park, was reinterred there in 1915.

CHASE, Salmon Portland,  (nephew of Dudley Chase, cousin of Dudley Chase Denison, and father-in-law of William Sprague [1830-1915]), a Senator from Ohio; born in Cornish, N.H., January 13, 1808; attended schools at Windsor, Vermont, Worthington, Ohio, and the Cincinnati (Ohio) College; graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1826; taught school; studied law in Washington, D.C.; admitted to the bar in 1829; commenced practice in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1830; elected as a Whig to the Cincinnati City Council in 1840; identified himself in 1841 with the Liberty Party, and later with the Free Soil Party; elected to the United States Senate as a Free Soil candidate and served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1855; elected Governor of Ohio in 1855 as a Free Soil Democrat and reelected in 1857 as a Republican; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1860; took his seat March 4, 1861, but resigned two days later to become Secretary of the Treasury under President Abraham Lincoln; served as Secretary of the Treasury until July 1864, when he resigned; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from December 1864 until his death on May 7, 1873; presided at the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson in 1868; died in New York City; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.; reinterment in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.

ARNOLD, Samuel, a Representative from Connecticut; born in Haddam, Conn., June 1, 1806; attended the local academy at Plainfield, Conn., and Westfield Academy, Massachusetts; devoted most of his life to agricultural pursuits; acquired a controlling interest in a stone quarry and became owner of a line of schooners operating between New York and Philadelphia; was, also, for a number of years, president of the Bank of East Haddam; member of the State house of representatives in 1839, 1842, 1844, and again in 1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1859); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1858; resumed agricultural pursuits and quarrying; died in Haddam, Middlesex County, Conn., May 5, 1869; interment in a mausoleum on his estate near Haddam.

BRIDGES, Samuel Augustus, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Colchester, Conn., January 27, 1802; pursued an academic course, and was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., in 1826; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1829 and commenced practice in Doylestown, Pa.; moved to Allentown, Lehigh County, Pa., in 1830, where he continued the practice of law; town clerk 1837-1842; deputy attorney general of the State for Lehigh County 1837-1844; delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1841; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John W. Hornbeck and served from March 6, 1848, to March 3, 1849; was not a candidate for renomination in 1848; elected to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law; elected to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1879); was not a candidate for renomination in 1878; continued the practice of law in Allentown, Pa., where he died January 14, 1884; interment in Union Cemetery.

MAXEY, Samuel Bell, a Senator from Texas; born in Tomkinsville, Monroe County, Ky., March 30, 1825; attended the common schools and graduated from the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1846; served in the Mexican War; returned to Kentucky; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Albany, Ky.; clerk of the county and circuit courts and master in chancery 1852-1856; moved to Paris, Tex., in 1857 and practiced his profession; district attorney of Lamar County, Tex., 1858-l859; elected to the State senate in 1861, but declined; during the Civil War raised the Ninth Regiment, Texas Infantry, of which he was colonel, for the Confederate Army; was promoted to brigadier general and major general; commanded the Indian Territory military district 1863-1865 and was also superintendent of Indian affairs; remained in the service of the Confederacy until the surrender of the trans-Mississippi department in 1865; resumed the practice of law in Paris, Tex.; commissioned as judge of the eighth district of Texas in 1873, but declined the position; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1875; reelected in 1881 and served from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1887; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Forty-sixth Congress); continued the practice of law in Paris, Tex., until his death at Eureka Springs, Ark., August 16, 1895; interment in Evergreen Cemetery, Paris, Tex.

POMEROY, Samuel Clarke, a Senator from Kansas; born in Southampton, Mass., January 3, 1816; attended Amherst College, Massachusetts, 1836-1838; moved to New York State in 1838 and taught school; returned to Southampton, Mass., in 1842; held various local offices; member, State house of representatives 1852-1853; organizer and financial agent of the New England Emigrant Aid Co.; moved to Kansas in 1854 and settled in Lawrence; moved to Atchison, Kans.; mayor of Atchison 1858-1859; member of the free State convention at Lawrence in 1859; president of the relief committee during the famine in Kansas in 1860 and 1861; upon the admission of Kansas as a State into the Union was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1867 and served from April 4, 1861, to March 3, 1873; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Thirty-ninth through Forty-second Congresses); resided in Washington, D.C., for several years; died in Whitinsville, Worcester County, Mass., August 27, 1891; interment in Forest Hills Cemetery, Boston, Mass.

GALLOWAY, Samuel, a Representative from Ohio; born in Gettysburg, Pa., March 20, 1811; attended the public schools; moved to Ohio and settled in Highland County in 1830; graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1833; attended Princeton Theological Seminary in 1835 and 1836; taught school in Hamilton, Ohio, 1836 and 1837, at Miami University in 1837 and 1838, and Hanover College, Indiana, in 1839 and 1840; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Chillicothe, Ohio; secretary of state in 1844; moved to Columbus in 1844; delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1848; elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress and for election in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress; resumed the practice of law; during the Civil War appointed judge advocate of Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, by President Lincoln; appointed by President Johnson to investigate conditions in the South during the period of reconstruction; died in Columbus, Ohio, April 5, 1872; interment in Greenlawn Cemetery.

GHOLSON, Samuel Jameson, a Representative from Mississippi; born near Richmond, Madison County, Ky., May 19, 1808; moved with his father to Franklin County, Ala., in 1817; attended the common schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar at Russellville, Ala., in 1829; moved to Athens, Monroe County, Miss., and commenced the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1835, 1836, and 1839; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of David Dickson and served from December 1, 1836, to March 3, 1837; presented credentials as a Democratic Member-elect to the Twenty-fifth Congress and served from July 18, 1837, until February 5, 1838, when the seat was declared vacant; appointed United States district judge in 1839 and served until 1861, when Mississippi seceded from the Union; member of the State secession convention in 1861; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as a private, captain, colonel, brigadier general, and major general of State troops; became brigadier general of the Confederate States Army in June 1863, and was placed in command of a brigade of Cavalry; again a member of the State house of representatives in 1865, 1866, and 1878; continued the practice of law in Aberdeen, Miss., until his death there October 16, 1883; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

HERRICK, Samuel, a Representative from Ohio; born in Amenia, Dutchess County, N.Y., April 14, 1779; pursued an academic course; studied law in Carlisle, Pa.; was admitted to the bar in 1805 and commenced practice in St. Clairsville, Ohio; moved to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810; appointed prosecuting attorney of Guernsey County in 1810 and also United States district attorney; in 1814 appointed prosecuting attorney of Licking County and commissioned brigadier general of the Ohio Militia; elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress and reelected to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1821); chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Fifteenth Congress); was not a candidate for reelection in 1820; continued the practice of law; presidential elector on the Jackson and Calhoun ticket in 1828; appointed United States district attorney for Ohio in 1829 but resigned June 30, 1830; died in Zanesville, Ohio, June 4, 1852; interment in City (now Greenwood) Cemetery.

HOUSTON, Samuel,  (father of Andrew Jackson Houston and cousin of David Hubbard), a Representative from Tennessee and a Senator from Texas; born at Timber Ridge Church, near Lexington, Va., March 2, 1793; moved about 1808 with his widowed mother to Blount County, Tenn.; attended Maryville Academy (now Maryville College), Maryville, Tenn.; employed as a clerk in a store in Kingston, Tenn.; enlisted as a private in the United States Infantry 1813; served under General Andrew Jackson in the Creek War, rose to lieutenant, and resigned from the Army in 1818; studied law, admitted to the bar in 1818, and commenced practice in Lebanon, Tenn.; district attorney in 1819; adjutant general of the State 1820; major general 1821; elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses (March 4, 1823-March 3, 1827); Governor of Tennessee 1827-1829, when he resigned; moved to the territory of the Cherokee Nation, now a part of Oklahoma, was a trader, and was made a member of the Cherokee Nation by action of the National Council; moved to Texas around 1835 and was a member of the convention at San Felipe de Austin, the purpose of which was to establish separate statehood for Texas; member of the constitutional convention in 1835; commander in chief of the Texas Army; successfully led the Texans against the Mexicans in the Battle of San Jacinto in April 1836; first President of the Republic of Texas 1836-1838; member, Texas Congress 1838-1840; again President of the Republic 1841-1844; upon the admission of Texas as a State into the Union was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected in 1847 and 1853 and served from February 21, 1846, to March 3, 1859; chairman, Committee on Militia (Thirty-first through Thirty-fourth Congresses); Governor of Texas 1859-1861; deposed March 18, 1861, because he refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States; died in Huntsville, Tex., July 26, 1863; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

KIRKWOOD, Samuel Jordan, a Senator from Iowa; born in Harford County, Md., December 20, 1813; attended country schools and the academy of John McLeod in Washington, D.C.; clerked in a drug store and taught school; moved to Mansfield, Richmond County, Ohio, in 1835 and continued teaching until 1840; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Mansfield; prosecuting attorney of Richland County 1845-1849; member of the State constitutional convention in 1850 and 1851; moved to Coralville, Johnson County, Iowa, in 1855 and engaged in the milling business; member, State senate 1856-1859; Governor of Iowa 1860-1864; appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as Minister to Denmark in 1863, but declined; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Harlan and served from January 13, 1866, to March 3, 1867; resumed the practice of law and also served as president of the Iowa & Southwestern Railroad Co.; Governor of Iowa 1876-1877, when he resigned to become United States Senator, serving as a Republican from March 4, 1877, to March 7, 1881, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet portfolio; Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President James Garfield 1881-1882, when, upon the death of President Garfield, he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress; resumed the practice of law; president of the Iowa City National Bank; died in Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, September 1, 1894; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

COLFAX, Schuyler, a Representative from Indiana and a Vice President of the United States; born in New York City March 23, 1823; attended the common schools; in 1836 moved with his parents to New Carlisle, Ind.; appointed deputy auditor of St. Joseph County 1841; became a legislative correspondent for the Indiana State Journal; purchased an interest in the South Bend Free Press and changed its name in 1845 to the St. Joseph Valley Register, the Whig organ of northern Indiana; member of the State constitutional convention in 1850; unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the Thirty-second Congress; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1869); chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses); was not a candidate for renomination in 1868, having become the Republican nominee for Vice President; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses); elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket headed by Gen. Ulysses Grant in 1868, was inaugurated March 4, 1869, and served until March 3, 1873; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1872, owing to charges of corruption in connection with the Credit Mobilier of America scandal; lecturer; died in Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn., January 13, 1885; interment in City Cemetery, South Bend, Ind.

CULLOM, Shelby Moore,  (nephew of Alvan Cullom and William Cullom), a Representative and a Senator from Illinois; born in Wayne County, Ky., November 22, 1829; moved with his father to Tazewell County, Ill., in 1830; received an academic and university training; moved to Springfield, Ill., in 1853; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Springfield; elected city attorney in 1855; member, State house of representatives 1856, 1860-1861, and served as speaker of the house during the second year; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, and Forty-first Congresses (March 4, 1865-March 3, 1871); chairman, Committee on Territories (Forty-first Congress); member, State house of representatives 1873-1874, and served as speaker in 1873; Governor of Illinois 1877-1883, when he resigned; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1882; reelected in 1888, 1894, 1900, and 1906 and served from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1913; chairman, Committee on Expenditures of Public Money (1885-87), Committee on Interstate Commerce (1887-93; 1895-1901; 1909-11), Committee on Foreign Relations (1901-11), Republican Conference Chairman (1911-13); Regent of the Smithsonian Institution 1885-1913; chairman and resident commissioner of the Lincoln Memorial Commission in 1913 and 1914; member of the commission appointed to prepare a system of laws for the Hawaiian Islands; died in Washington, D.C., January 28, 1914; interment in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill.

BREESE, Sidney, a Senator from Illinois; born in Whitesboro, N.Y., July 15, 1800; attended Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1818; moved to Illinois; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1820 and commenced practice in Kaskaskia; appointed postmaster of Kaskaskia in 1821; prosecuting attorney of the third judicial circuit 1822-1826; United States district attorney for Illinois 1827-1829; was the first reporter of the proceedings of the State supreme court in 1831; held several commissions in the militia and served as a lieutenant colonel of Volunteers in the Black Hawk War in 1832; circuit judge of the second district 1835-1841; judge of the State supreme court in 1841-1842; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1843, to March 3, 1849; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1849; chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses); member, State house of representatives 1851-1852, serving as speaker in 1851; judge of the circuit court of Illinois 1855-1857; judge of the supreme court of Illinois from 1857 until his death; served as chief justice 1867-1870, 1873, and 1874; died in Pinkneyville, Perry County, Ill., June 27, 1878; interment in Carlyle Cemetery, Carlyle, Ill.

CAMERON, Simon, (father of James Donald Cameron), a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Maytown, Lancaster County, Pa., March 8, 1799; apprenticed as a printer; newspaper owner and editor; cashier of a bank, president of two railroad companies, and adjutant general of Pennsylvania; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Buchanan, and served from March 13, 1845, to March 3, 1849; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1861, when he resigned, having been appointed Secretary of War; chairman, Committee on Patents and the Patent Office (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on Public Buildings (Twenty-ninth Congress), Committee on District of Columbia (Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses), Committee on Printing (Thirtieth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 1860; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln 1861-1862; United States Minister to Russia 1862; was again elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1867; reelected in 1873, and served from March 4, 1867, until his resignation, effective March 12, 1877; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Forty-second through Forty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Forty-second Congress); retired from active business pursuits and traveled extensively in Europe and the West Indies; died near Maytown, Lancaster County, Pa., June 26, 1889; interment in Harrisburg Cemetery, Harrisburg, Pa.

BORLAND, Solon, a Senator from Arkansas; born near Suffolk, Nansemond County, Va., September 21, 1808; attended preparatory schools in North Carolina; studied and afterwards practiced medicine; settled in Little Rock, Ark.; served throughout the Mexican War as a major in the Arkansas Volunteer Cavalry; was appointed and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ambrose H. Sevier and served from March 30, 1848, to April 11, 1853, when his resignation became effective; chairman, Committee on Printing (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses), Committee on Public Lands (Thirty-third Congress); served as United States Minister to Nicaragua and to the other Central American Republics 1853-1854; declined an appointment as Governor of the Territory of New Mexico; returned to Arkansas and resumed the practice of medicine in Little Rock until 1861; during the Civil War raised a brigade of troops for the Confederate Army; later was appointed a brigadier general in the Confederate Army; died near Houston, Tex., on January 1, 1864; interment in City Cemetery, Houston, Tex.

DOUGLAS, Stephen Arnold, a Representative and a Senator from Illinois; born in Brandon, Rutland County, Vt., April 23, 1813; educated in the common schools and completed preparatory studies in Brandon Academy; learned the cabinetmaker’s trade; moved to a farm near Clifton Springs, N.Y.; entered Canandaigua Academy in 1832 and studied law; moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1833, and finally settled in Winchester, Ill., where he taught school and resumed the study of law; admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Morgan County, Ill.; elected State’s attorney for the Morgan circuit in 1835; member, State house of representatives 1836-1837; register of the land office at Springfield in 1837; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress; appointed secretary of State of Illinois during the session of the legislature in 1840 and 1841 and at the same session was elected as one of the judges of the State supreme court; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1843, until his resignation on March 3, 1847, at the close of the Twenty-ninth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1847; reelected in 1853 and again in 1859, and served from March 4, 1847, until his death on June 3, 1861; chairman, Committee on Territories (Thirtieth through Thirty-fifth Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for President of the United States on the Democratic ticket in 1852 and 1856; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for President in 1860; died in Chicago, Ill.; interment in Douglas Monument Park.

MALLORY, Stephen Russell, (father of Stephen Russell Mallory [1848-1907]), a Senator from Florida; born in Trinidad, West Indies, about 1813; immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Key West, Fla., in 1820; attended schools in Mobile Bay, and Nazareth, Pa.; appointed by President Andrew Jackson customs inspector at Key West in 1833; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1840 and practiced in Key West; county judge of Monroe County 1837-1845; appointed collector of the port of Key West in 1845; served in the Seminole War; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1851; reelected in 1857 and served from March 4, 1851, until his retirement on January 21, 1861, when Florida seceded; chairman, Committee on Printing (Thirty-third Congress), Committee on Naval Affairs (Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses); Secretary of the Navy of the Confederacy; imprisoned at the close of the Civil War 1865-1866; settled first in Lagrange, Troup County, Ga., then Pensacola, Fla.; engaged in the practice of law; died in Pensacola, Fla., November 9, 1873; interment in St. Michael’s Cemetery.

PRICE, Sterling, a Representative from Missouri; was born near Farmville, Prince Edward County, Va., on September 20, 1809; completed preparatory studies and attended Hampden-Sidney College, Virginia; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; moved to Fayette and later to Keytesville, Mo.; member of the State house of representatives 1840-1844 and served as speaker; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1845, to August 12, 1846, when he resigned to participate in the Mexican War; appointed colonel of the Second Regiment, Missouri Infantry, August 12, 1846; promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers July 20, 1847, and was honorably discharged November 25, 1848; returned to Missouri and engaged in agricultural pursuits on the Bowling Green prairie; Governor of Missouri 1853-1857; State bank commissioner 1857-1861; elected presiding officer, Missouri State convention, February 28, 1861; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as a major general; after the war went to Mexico but later returned to Missouri; died in St. Louis, Mo., September 29, 1867; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

STEVENS, Thaddeus, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Danville, Caledonia County, Vt. April 4, 1792; attended Peacham Academy and the University of Vermont at Burlington; was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1814; moved to Pennsylvania in 1814; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in Gettysburg; member of the State house of representatives 1833-1835, 1837, and 1841; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1838; appointed as a canal commissioner in 1838; moved to Lancaster, Pa., in 1842; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, until his death; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Appropriations (Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses); chairman of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1868 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson, President of the United States; died in Washington, D.C., on August 11, 1868; interment in Shreiner’s Cemetery, Lancaster, Pa.

BRAGG, Thomas, a Senator from North Carolina; born in Warrenton, Warren County, N.C., November 9, 1810; attended the Warrenton Academy; graduated from Captain Partridge’s Military Academy, Middletown, Conn.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Jackson, Northampton County, N.C.; member, State house of commons 1842-1843; prosecuting attorney for Northampton County; Governor of North Carolina 1855-1859; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1859, until March 6, 1861, when he withdrew; expelled from the Senate for support of the rebellion in 1861; chairman, Committee on Claims (Thirty-sixth Congress); appointed Attorney General of the Confederate States November 21, 1861, and served two years; resumed the practice of law; died in Raleigh, N.C., January 21, 1872; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

HINDMAN, Thomas Carmichael, a Representative from Arkansas; born in Knoxville, Tenn., January 28, 1828; moved with his parents to Jacksonville, Calhoun County, Ala., in 1832 and to Ripley, Tippah County, Miss., in 1841; attended public and private schools; was graduated from the Lawrenceville Classical Institute near Princeton, N.J., in 1846; raised a company in Tippah County in 1846 for the Second Mississippi Regiment under Colonel Clark in the war with Mexico; served throughout the war as lieutenant and later as captain of his company; returned to Ripley, Miss.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Ripley, Miss.; member of the State house of representatives in 1854-1856; moved to Helena, Ark., in 1853 and continued the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); reelected to the Thirty-seventh Congress in 1860 but declined to take his seat and raised and commanded “Hindman’s legion” in 1861 for the Confederate Army; commissioned brigadier general September 28, 1861, and major general April 18, 1862; moved to the city of Mexico after the war and engaged in literary pursuits; returned to Helena, Ark., in 1868 and resumed the practice of law; was assassinated in that city on September 27, 1868; interment in Maple Hill Cemetery.

CORWIN, Thomas, (brother of Moses Bledso Corwin and uncle of Franklin Corwin), a Representative and a Senator from Ohio; born in Bourbon County, Ky., July 29, 1794; moved with his parents to Lebanon, Warren County, Ohio, in 1798; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1817 and commenced practice in Lebanon, Ohio; prosecuting attorney of Warren County 1818-1828; member, State house of representatives 1822-1823, 1829; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-second and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for Governor; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-sixth Congress); Governor of Ohio 1840-1842; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 and declined to be a candidate for the nomination in 1844; president of the Ohio Whig convention in 1844; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1845, to July 20, 1850, when he resigned to enter the Cabinet; appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Millard Fillmore 1850-1853; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, to March 12, 1861, when he resigned to enter the diplomatic service; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-sixth Congress); appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as Minister to Mexico 1861-1864, when he resigned; settled in Washington, D.C., and practiced law until his death on December 18, 1865; interment in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio.

EWING, Thomas, (son of Thomas Ewing [1789-1871]), a Representative from Ohio; born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, Ohio, August 7, 1829; pursued preparatory studies; private secretary to President Taylor in 1849 and 1850; was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1854; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Cincinnati, Ohio; moved to Leavenworth, Kans., in 1856; member of the Leavenworth constitutional convention of 1858; delegate to the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; chief justice of the supreme court of Kansas in 1861 and 1862, when he resigned; recruited the Eleventh Regiment, Kansas Volunteer Cavalry, and was commissioned its colonel on September 15, 1862; brigadier general of Volunteers March 13, 1863; brevetted major general of Volunteers; practiced law in Washington, D.C., until 1871, when he returned to Lancaster, Ohio; member of the Ohio State constitutional convention in 1873 and 1874; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1881); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1880; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Ohio in 1879; moved to New York City in 1881, where he engaged in the practice of law until his death there on January 21, 1896; interment in Oakland Cemetery, Yonkers, N.Y.

EWING, Thomas,  (father of Thomas Ewing [1829-1896]), a Senator from Ohio; born near West Liberty, Ohio County, Va. (now West Virginia), December 28, 1789; moved to Ohio with his parents in 1792; pursued preparatory studies; graduated from Ohio University at Athens in 1816; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1816 and commenced practice in Lancaster, Ohio; elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1837; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-fourth Congress); appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President William Henry Harrison and served from March 5 to September 13, 1841; appointed Secretary of the Interior by President Zachary Taylor 1849-1850; appointed as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas Corwin and served from July 20, 1850, to March 3, 1851; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1851; resumed the practice of law in Lancaster; delegate to the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; appointed Secretary of War by President Andrew Johnson in February 1868, but the Senate refused to confirm the appointment; died in Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1871; interment in St. Mary’s Cemetery.

PRATT, Thomas George, a Senator from Maryland; born in Georgetown, Md. (now a part of Washington, D.C.), February 18, 1804; completed preparatory studies and attended the Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Upper Marlboro, Md., in 1823; member, State house of delegates 1832-1835; Whig presidential elector in 1836; appointed president of the executive council 1836; member, State senate 1838-1843; Governor of Maryland 1845-1848; moved to Annapolis, Md., in 1848 and resumed the practice of law; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1849 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Reverdy Johnson; reelected in 1851 and served from January 12, 1850, to March 3, 1857; moved to Baltimore, Md., in 1864 and again resumed the practice of his profession; unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1867; died in Baltimore, Md., November 9, 1869; interment in St. Anne’s Cemetery, Annapolis, Md.

BENTON, Thomas Hart, (father-in-law of John C. Frémont; brother-in-law of James McDowell [1795-1851], great uncle of Maecenas Eason Benton [1848-1924]), a Senator and a Representative from Missouri; born at Harts Mill, near Hillsboro, N.C., March 14, 1782; attended Chapel Hill College (University of North Carolina); admitted to the bar at Nashville, Tenn., in 1806 and commenced practice in Franklin, Williamson County, Tenn.; member, State senate 1809-1811; served as aide-de-camp to General Andrew Jackson; colonel of a regiment of Tennessee volunteers 1812-1813; lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-ninth United States Infantry 1813-1815; moved to St. Louis, Mo., where he edited the Missouri Inquirer and continued the practice of law; upon the admission of Missouri as a State into the Union, was elected in 1821 as a Democratic Republican (later Jacksonian and Democrat) to the United States Senate; reelected in 1827, 1833, 1839, and 1845 and served from August 10, 1821, to March 3, 1851; chairman, Committee on Indian Affairs (Eighteenth through Twentieth Congresses), Committee on Military Affairs (Twentieth through Twenty-sixth and Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses), Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirtieth Congress); author of the resolution to expunge from the Senate Journal the resolution of censure on Andrew Jackson; unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Senate in 1850; censure proceedings were initiated against Benton in 1850, arising from an incident of disorderly conduct on the Chamber floor, but the Senate took no action; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Thirty-third Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress and for Governor of Missouri in 1856; engaged in literary pursuits in Washington, D.C., until his death there on April 10, 1858; interment in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Mo.

HICKS, Thomas Holliday, a Senator from Maryland; born near East New Market, Dorchester County, Md., September 2, 1798; attended the local subscription schools; sheriff of Dorchester County in 1824; member, State legislature 1830; member of the State electoral college in 1836 and while a member of the college was elected to the State house of delegates in 1836; member of the Governor’s council in 1837; register of wills of Dorchester County 1838-1851, 1855-1861; member of the Maryland constitutional convention in 1851; Governor of Maryland 1857-1862; appointed and subsequently elected as a Unionist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James A. Pearce and served from December 29, 1862, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 14, 1865; interment in the Cambridge Cemetery, Cambridge, Md.

HARRIS, Thomas Langrell, a Representative from Illinois; born in Norwich, Conn., October 29, 1816; pursued classical studies and was graduated from Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Conn., in 1841; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Petersburg, Menard County, Ill.; school commissioner for Menard County in 1845; during the Mexican War raised and commanded a company and joined the Fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry; subsequently elected major of the regiment; while absent and with the Army was elected a member of the State senate in 1846; was presented with a sword by the State of Illinois for gallantry at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexico; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1851); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; was not a candidate in 1852; elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses and served from March 4, 1855, until his death; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Thirty-fourth Congress), Committee on Elections (Thirty-fifth Congress); had been reelected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; died in Springfield, Ill., November 24, 1858; interment in Rose Hill Cemetery, Petersburg, Ill.

CLINGMAN, Thomas Lanier, a Representative and a Senator from North Carolina; born in Huntsville, N.C., July 27, 1812; educated by private tutors and in the public schools in Iredell County, N.C.; graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1832; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1834 and began practice in Huntsville, N.C.; elected to the State house of commons in 1835; moved to Asheville, Buncombe County, N.C., in 1836; member, State senate 1840; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843-March 3, 1845); unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-ninth Congress; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1847, to May 7, 1858, when he resigned to become Senator; chairman, Committee on Public Expenditures (Thirtieth Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-fifth Congress); appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate on May 6, 1858, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Asa Biggs; reelected in 1861 and served from May 7, 1858, to March 28, 1861, when he withdrew; expelled from the Senate in 1861 for support of the rebellion; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Thirty-fifth Congress); during the Civil War was a brigadier general in the Confederate Army; explored and measured mountain peaks; died in Morganton, Burke County, N.C., on November 3, 1897; interment in Riverside Cemetery, Asheville, N.C.

OCHILTREE, Thomas Peck, a Representative from Texas; born in Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County, Tex., October 26, 1837; attended the public schools; volunteered in 1854 as a private in Capt. John G. Walker’s company of Texas Rangers in the campaign against the Apache and Comanche Indians in 1854 and 1855; admitted to the bar by special act of the Texas Legislature in 1857; clerk of the State house of representatives 1856-1859; secretary of the State Democratic convention in 1859; editor of the Jeffersonian in 1860 and 1861; delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston, S.C., and Baltimore, Md., in 1860; during the Civil War enlisted in the Confederate Army in the First Texas Regiment and was promoted successively to lieutenant, captain, and major; editor of the Houston Daily Telegraph 1866 and 1867; appointed commissioner of immigration for Texas in Europe 1870-1873; appointed United States marshal for the eastern district of Texas by President Grant January 8, 1874; elected as an Independent to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); moved to New York City and retired; died at Hot Springs, Bath County, Va., on November 25, 1902; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.; reinterment in Mount Hope Cemetery, Westchester County, N.Y., November 8, 1903.

ASHE, Thomas Samuel, (nephew of John Baptista Ashe of North Carolina and cousin of John Baptista Ashe of Tennessee and of William Shepperd Ashe), a Representative from North Carolina; born in Hawfields, near Graham, Alamance County (then a part of Orange County), N.C., July 19, 1812; attended Bingham’s Academy, Hillsboro, N.C., and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1832; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Wadesboro, Anson County, in 1835; member of the State house of commons in 1842; solicitor of the fifth judicial district of North Carolina 1847-1851; elected to the State senate in 1854; Member of the Confederate house of representatives 1861-1864; elected to the Confederate senate in 1864, but did not serve due to the termination of the Civil War; served as State councilor in 1866; unsuccessful candidate for Governor of North Carolina in 1868; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1877); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876; resumed the practice of law at Wadesboro; elected associate justice of the State supreme court in 1878; reelected in 1886 for a term of eight years and served until his death in Wadesboro, Anson County, N.C., on February 4, 1887; interment in East View Cemetery.

WILLIAMS, Thomas, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pa., August 28, 1806; attended the common schools, and was graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 1825; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in Greensburg, Pa.; moved to Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1832 and continued the practice of law; served in the State senate 1838-1841; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1869); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1868 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against President Andrew Johnson; was not a candidate for renomination in 1868 to the Forty-first Congress, and lived in retirement until his death in Allegheny City, Pa., on June 16, 1872; interment in Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa.

HAMPTON, Wade,  (grandson of Wade Hampton [1752-1835]), a Senator from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., March 28, 1818; received private instruction, graduated from the South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1836; studied law but never practiced; planter; member, State house of representatives 1852-1856; member, State senate 1858-1861; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, raising and commanding “Hampton’s Legion”; three times wounded; made brigadier general in 1862, major general in 1863, and lieutenant general in 1865; Governor of South Carolina 1876-1879; elected in 1878 as a Democrat to the United States Senate; reelected in 1884 and served from March 4, 1879, until March 3, 1891; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; United States railroad commissioner 1893-1897; died in Columbia, S.C., April 11, 1902; interment in Trinity Cathedral Churchyard.

WILLEY, Waitman Thomas, a Senator from Virginia and from West Virginia; born in Monongalia County, Va., in what is now a part of Marion County, W.Va., October 18, 1811; graduated from Madison (Pa.) College in 1831; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1833 and commenced practice in Morgantown, Va. (now West Virginia); appointed clerk of the county court of Monongalia County in 1841 and later clerk of the circuit superior court, and held both positions until 1852; delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention in 1850 and 1851; elected as a Unionist to the United States Senate from Virginia to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of James M. Mason and served from July 9, 1861, to March 3, 1863; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-seventh Congress); delegate to the State constitutional convention of West Virginia; upon the admission of West Virginia as a State into the Union was elected as a Unionist to the United States Senate; reelected in 1865 as a Republican and served from August 4, 1863, to March 3, 1871; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-ninth Congress), Committee on Patents and the Patent Office (Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses); again served as clerk of the county court of Monongalia County 1882-1896; retired from public life; died in Morgantown, W.Va., May 2, 1900; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery.

SAULSBURY, Willard, Sr., (brother of Eli Saulsbury, father of Willard Saulsbury, Jr.), a Senator from Delaware; born in Mispillion Hundred, Kent County, Del., June 2, 1820; attended the common schools, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and Delaware College (now the University of Delaware), Newark, Del.; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Georgetown, Del.; attorney general of Delaware 1850-1855; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1858; reelected in 1864 and served from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1871; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Thirty-sixth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection; resumed the practice of law; chancellor of the State from 1874 until his death in Dover, Del., April 6, 1892; interment in Christ Episcopal Churchyard.

PHILLIPS, William Addison, a Representative from Kansas; born in Paisley, Scotland, January 14, 1824; attended the common schools of Paisley; immigrated to the United States in 1838 with his parents, who settled in Randolph County, Ill.; engaged in agricultural pursuits; employed as a newspaper correspondent 1845-1862; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1855 and commenced practice in Lawrence, Kans.; first justice of the supreme court under the Leavenworth constitution; founded the city of Salina, Kans., in 1858; during the Civil War raised some of the first troops in Kansas in 1861; was afterward commissioned colonel and served as commander of the Cherokee Indian Regiment; prosecuting attorney of Cherokee County in 1865; served in the State house of representatives in 1865; attorney for the Cherokee Indians at Washington, D.C.; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; died at Fort Gibson, Muskogee County, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), November 30, 1893; interment in Gypsum Hill Cemetery, Salina, Kans.

AIKEN, William, (cousin of David Wyatt Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., January 28, 1806; attended private schools; was graduated from the College of South Carolina (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1825; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1838-1842; served in the State senate 1842-1844; Governor of South Carolina 1844-1846; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1857); was an unsuccessful candidate for Speaker of the House of Representatives after 133 ballots in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-ninth Congress February 12, 1867, but was not permitted to qualify; resumed his former pursuits near Charleston, S.C.; died at Flat Rock, Henderson County, N.C., September 6, 1887; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C.

ALDRICH, William,  (father of James Franklin Aldrich and cousin of Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich), a Representative from Illinois; born in Greenfield Center, Saratoga County, N.Y., January 19, 1820; attended the common schools and the local academy; taught school until twenty-six years of age; moved to Jackson, Mich., in 1846 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; moved to Wisconsin and settled in Two Rivers, Manitowoc County, in 1851; continued mercantile pursuits and also engaged in the manufacture of lumber, woodenware, and furniture; superintendent of schools 1855 and 1856; chairman of the county board of supervisors 1857 and 1858; member of the State house of representatives in 1859; moved to Chicago, Ill., in 1861 and engaged in the wholesale grocery business; member of the Chicago City Council in 1876, serving as chairman; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1883); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1882; resumed his former business pursuits in Chicago and was also interested in the milling business at Fond du Lac, Wis., where he died, while on a business trip, December 3, 1885; interment in Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.

GRAHAM, William Alexander,  (brother of James Graham), a Senator from North Carolina; born at Vesuvius Furnace, near Lincolnton, Lincoln County, N.C., September 5, 1804; pursued classical studies and graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1824; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Hillsboro, N.C.; member, State house of commons 1833-1840, serving twice as speaker; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Strange and served from November 25, 1840, to March 3, 1843; chairman, Committee on Claims (Twenty-seventh Congress); Governor of North Carolina 1845-1849; declined the missions to Spain and Russia in 1849; Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Millard Fillmore 1850-1852; unsuccessful Whig candidate for vice president in 1852 on the ticket with Winfield Scott; member, State senate 1854-1866, including service in the state Confederate Congress; elected to the United States Senate in 1866, but his credentials were not presented; member of the board of trustees of the Peabody Fund 1867-1875; arbitrator in the boundary line dispute between Virginia and Maryland 1873-1875; died at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., August 11, 1875; interment in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Hillsboro, N.C.

BUCKINGHAM, William Alfred, a Senator from Connecticut; born in Lebanon, Conn., May 28, 1804; attended the common schools and Bacon Academy, Colchester, Conn.; engaged in mercantile pursuits and in manufacturing; mayor of Norwich, Conn. 1849-1850, 1856-1857; Governor of Connecticut 1858-1866; resumed his former business pursuits; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1869, until his death in Norwich, Conn., February 5, 1875; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses), Committee on Investigation and Retrenchment (Forty-second Congress), Committee on Indian Affairs (Forty-third Congress); interment in Yantic Cemetery, Norwich, Conn.

WHEELER, William Almon, a Representative from New York and a Vice President of the United States; born in Malone, Franklin County, N.Y., June 30, 1819; completed preparatory studies; attended the Franklin Academy at Malone and the University of Vermont at Burlington; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1845 and practiced in Malone, N.Y.; district attorney for Franklin County, N.Y., 1846-1849; member, State assembly 1850-1851; member, State senate 1858-1860; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861-March 3, 1863); delegate to the State constitutional conventions in 1867 and 1868; elected to the Forty-first and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1877); was not a candidate for reelection, having been nominated in 1876 as the Republican candidate for Vice President; elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket with Rutherford Hayes in 1876; inaugurated in March 1877 and served until March 1881; retired from public life and active business pursuits because of ill health; died in Malone, N.Y., June 4, 1887; interment in Morningside Cemetery.

HANDLEY, William Anderson, a Representative from Alabama; born at Liberty Hill, near Franklin, Heard County, Ga., December 15, 1834; moved to Alabama; attended the public schools; moved to Roanoke, Randolph County, Ala.; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as captain of the Twenty-fifth Regiment; engaged in mercantile pursuits; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); served in the State senate 1888-1892; delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1901; member of the State house of representatives 1903-1907; resumed his former mercantile activities; died in Roanoke, Ala., June 23, 1909; interment in the City Cemetery.

PRESTON, William Ballard (nephew of Francis Preston), a Representative from Virginia; born in Smithfield, Va., November 25, 1805; graduated from Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Va., 1824; studied law and graduated from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1826; member of the Virginia state house of delegates, 1830-1832, 1844-1845; member of the Virginia state senate, 1840-1844; elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1849); appointed Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet of President Zachary Taylor and served from March 8, 1849, to July 22, 1850; delegate to the Virginia state constitutional convention, 1861; served in the Confederate States Congress; died in Smithfield, Va., on November 16, 1862; interment in Preston Cemetery on the former Smithfield Plantation, Blacksburg, Va.

BARKSDALE, William, (brother of Ethelbert Barksdale), a Representative from Mississippi; born in Rutherford County, Tenn., August 21, 1821; attended the University of Nashville; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and commenced practice in Columbus, Lowndes County, Miss.; for a time was editor of the Columbus Democrat; served in the Mexican War as quartermaster of the Mississippi Volunteers; delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1852; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, until January 12, 1861, when he withdrew; entered the Confederate Army during the Civil War as colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of Mississippi Volunteers; promoted to the rank of brigadier general on August 12, 1862; commanded a Mississippi brigade in Longstreet’s corps; killed in the Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; interment in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Miss.

BIGLER, William, a Senator from Pennsylvania; born in Cumberland County (now Spring Township, Perry County), Pa., on January 1, 1814; attended the public schools and was tutored by older brother John Bigler; in 1829 was apprenticed to the printing trade; moved to Clearfield, Clearfield County, Pa., in 1833 and established the Clearfield Democrat; engaged in the lumber business; member, State senate 1841-1847, twice serving as speaker; elected Governor in 1851 and served one term; president, Philadelphia and Erie Railroad; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1855, caused by failure of the legislature to elect and served from January 14, 1856, to March 3, 1861; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on Patents and Patent Office (Thirty-sixth Congress), Committee on Commerce (Thirty-sixth Congress); member of the constitutional convention of Pennsylvania, 1873; member of the board of finance of the Centennial Exposition in 1876; died in Clearfield, Pa., August 9, 1880; interment in Hillcrest Cemetery.

CAMPBELL, William Bowen, (cousin of Henry Bowen), a Representative from Tennessee; born near Hendersonville, Sumner County, Tenn., February 1, 1807; attended private schools; studied law in Abingdon and Winchester, Va.; was admitted to the bar in 1829 and commenced practice in Carthage, Smith County, Tenn.; also engaged in agricultural pursuits and banking; elected district attorney in 1831; member of the State house of representatives in 1835 and 1836; captain of a company in Trousdale’s regiment of Tennessee Mounted Volunteers in the Florida War; mustered out January 14, 1837; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1837-March 3, 1843); declined to be a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-eighth Congress; elected colonel of the First Tennessee Volunteers in the Mexican War June 3, 1846, and was mustered out May 25, 1847; unanimously elected judge of the fourth circuit of Tennessee and served from 1847 to 1850; served as Governor of Tennessee from 1851 to 1853; declined renomination; elected judge of the circuit court in 1857; appointed by President Lincoln brigadier general of Volunteers June 30, 1862; resigned January 26, 1863, on account of ill health; upon the readmission of the State of Tennessee to representation was elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-ninth Congress and served from July 24, 1866, to March 3, 1867; resumed banking and agricultural pursuits; died near Lebanon, Wilson County, Tenn., August 19, 1867; interment in Cedar Grove Cemetery.

BATE, William Brimage, a Senator from Tennessee; born near Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tenn., October 7, 1826; completed an academic course of study; served as a private in Louisiana and Tennessee regiments throughout the Mexican War; member, State house of representatives 1849-1851; graduated from the law department of Lebanon University, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1852; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Gallatin, Tenn.; elected attorney general for the Nashville district in 1854; during the Civil War served in the Confederate army, attained the rank of major general, surrendered with the Army of the Tennessee in 1865; after the war returned to Tennessee and resumed the practice of law at Gallatin; elected Governor of Tennessee in 1882 and reelected in 1884; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1887; reelected in 1893, 1899, and again in 1905, and served from March 4, 1887, until his death in Washington, D.C., March 9, 1905; chairman, Committee on the Improvement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Military Affairs (Fifty-third Congress), Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine (Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses); funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate; interment in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Tenn.

OATES, William Calvin, a Representative from Alabama; born at Oates Cross Roads, near Troy, Pike County, Ala., November 30, 1835; pursued elementary studies at home and attended an academy at Lawrenceville, Ala.; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced in Abbeville, Ala., from 1859 to 1861; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as captain of Company G, Fifteenth Regiment, Alabama Infantry, in July 1861; appointed colonel in the Provisional Army of the Confederacy May 1, 1863; resumed the practice of law in Abbeville in 1865; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1868; member of the State house of representatives 1870-1872; unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for Governor in 1872; member of the State constitutional convention in 1875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1881, until November 5, 1894, when he resigned, having been elected Governor; chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws (Forty-eighth through Fiftieth Congresses), Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1897; Governor of Alabama 1894-1896; brigadier general of Volunteers in the Spanish-American War and stationed at Camp Meade, Pa.; resumed the practice of law; died in Montgomery, Ala., September 9, 1910; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

CRUTCHFIELD, William, a Representative from Tennessee; born in Greeneville, Greene County, Tenn., November 16, 1824; attended the common schools; moved to McMinn County, Tenn., in 1840 and remained there four years; settled in Jacksonville, Ala., in 1844 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; became a permanent resident of Chattanooga in 1850; during the Civil War never enlisted but served in the Union Army as honorary captain in the Chickamauga campaign; was with General Thomas during the siege of Chattanooga, and was an assistant to General Steedman and other commanders until the close of the war; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873-March 3, 1875); was not a candidate for renomination in 1874; resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Chattanooga, Tenn., January 24, 1890; interment in the family lot in Old Citizens Cemetery.

GAINES, William Embre, a Representative from Virginia; born near Charlotte Court House, Charlotte County, Va., August 30, 1844; attended the common schools; during the Civil War enlisted as a private in Company K, Eighteenth Virginia Regiment (Pickett’s division); reenlisted in the Army of the Cape Fear, and surrendered with Johnston, near Greensboro, N.C., in April 1865, having attained the rank of adjutant of Manly’s artillery battalion; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practiced; engaged in the tobacco business and banking at Burkeville, Va.; member of the State senate from 1883 to 1887, when he resigned; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884; mayor of Burkeville; delegate to several State conventions; elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1889); was not a candidate for renomination in 1888; died in Washington, D.C., May 4, 1912; interment in Glenwood Cemetery.

BROWNLOW, William Gannaway,  (uncle of Walter Preston Brownlow), a Senator from Tennessee; born near Wytheville, Wythe County, Va., August 29, 1805; attended the common schools; entered the Methodist ministry in 1826; moved to Elizabethton, Tenn., in 1828 and continued his ministerial duties; published and edited a newspaper called the Whig at Elizabethton in 1839; moved the paper to Jonesboro, Tenn., in 1840 and to Knoxville, Tenn., in 1849, and from his caustic and trenchant editorials became widely known as ‘the fighting parson’; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1842 to Congress; appointed by President Millard Fillmore in 1850 a member of the Tennessee River Commission for the Improvement of Navigation; delegate to the constitutional convention which reorganized the State government of Tennessee in 1864; elected Governor in 1865 and again in 1867; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1875; was not a candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Forty-third Congress); returned to journalism in Knoxville, Tenn., until his death there on April 29, 1877; interment in the Old Grey Cemetery.

ENGLISH, William Hayden,  (father of William Eastin English), a Representative from Indiana; born in Lexington, Scott County, Ind., August 27, 1822; pursued classical studies at Hanover (Ind.) College; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1846 and commenced practice at Lexington, Ind.; principal clerk of the State house of representatives in 1843; clerk in the United States Treasury Department at Washington, D.C., 1844-1848; secretary of the Indiana State constitutional convention in 1850; member of the State house of representatives in 1851 and 1852 and served as speaker; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1861); chairman, Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-fifth Congress); Regent of the Smithsonian Institution 1853-1861; moved to Indianapolis, Ind., at the end of his congressional term; unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket in 1880; author of several books; died at his home in Indianapolis, Ind., February 7, 1896; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery.

LEE, William Henry Fitzhugh, (grandson of Henry Lee), a Representative from Virginia; born at Arlington House, Arlington, Va., May 31, 1837; attended private school and Harvard University; appointed second lieutenant in the Sixth Regiment, United States Infantry, and accompanied his regiment in 1858 in the expedition to Utah; resigned in 1859; returned to Virginia and took charge of his estates near White House, New Kent County, in 1859; during the Civil War he raised a company of Cavalry in 1861 and joined the Confederate service; was promoted successively from captain to major general of Cavalry; returned to his plantation; moved to Ravensworth, near Burke Station, Va., in 1874 and engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State senate 1875-1878 and served as presiding officer; served as president of the State agricultural society; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, and Fifty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1887, until his death in Ravensworth, Va., on October 15, 1891; interment in the family burying ground at Ravensworth; reinterment in the crypt, Lee Memorial Chapel, Washington and Lee University, at Lexington, Va., in September 1922.

FORNEY, William Henry,  (grandson of Peter Forney and nephew of Daniel Munroe Forney), a Representative from Alabama; born in Lincolnton, Lincoln County, N.C., November 9, 1823; pursued classical studies, and was graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1844; served in the war with Mexico as a first lieutenant in the First Regiment of Alabama Volunteers; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice in Jacksonville, Calhoun County, Ala.; trustee of the University of Alabama 1851-1860; member of the State house of representatives in 1859 and 1860; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army in 1861 as a captain, and was successively promoted to major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and brigadier general; surrendered at Appomattox Court House; member of the State senate in 1865 and 1866; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1893); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Forty-sixth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1892; appointed by President Cleveland a member of the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission and served until his death in Jacksonville, Ala., January 16, 1894; interment in the City Cemetery.

HATCH, William Henry, a Representative from Missouri; born near Georgetown, Scott County, Ky., September 11, 1833; attended the schools of Lexington, Ky., studied law; was admitted to the bar in September 1854 and practiced; circuit attorney 1858 and 1860; during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army; commissioned captain and assistant adjutant general December 1862, and in March 1863 was assigned to duty as assistant commissioner of exchange of prisoners under the cartel, and continued in this position until the close of the war; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1895); chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Forty-eighth through Fiftieth and Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; engaged in agricultural pursuits; died near Hannibal, Marion County, Mo., December 23, 1896; interment in Riverside Cemetery.

KURTZ, William Henry, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in York, Pa., January 31, 1804; attended the common schools and the York County Academy at York, Pa.; studied law; was admitted to the bar on January 7, 1828, and commenced practice in York, Pa.; prosecuting attorney of York County; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1855); chairman, Committee on Public Expenditures (Thirty-third Congress); resumed the practice of law; died in York, Pa., June 24, 1868; interment in Prospect Hill Cemetery.

MILLER, William Henry,  (son of Jesse Miller), a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Landisburg, Perry County, Pa., February 28, 1829; attended the public schools in Landisburg, Pa., and a private school in Harrisburg, Pa.; was graduated from Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., in 1846; studied law; was admitted to the bar the same year and practiced in Harrisburg, Pa., and later in New Bloomfield in 1849; returned to Harrisburg in 1854; clerk of the State supreme court 1854-1863; clerk of the State senate in 1858 and 1859; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1863-March 3, 1865); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in journalism; died in Harrisburg, Pa., September 12, 1870; interment in Harrisburg Cemetery.

SEWARD, William Henry, a Senator from New York; born in Florida, Orange County, N.Y., on May 16, 1801; after preparatory studies, graduated from Union College in 1820; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Auburn, N.Y., 1823; member, State senate 1830-1834; unsuccessful Whig candidate for governor in 1834; Governor of New York 1838-1842; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1849; reelected as a Republican in 1855 and served from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1861; unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 1860; Secretary of State in the Cabinets of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson 1861-1869; while Secretary of State concluded the convention with Great Britain for the settlement of the Alabama claims and the treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska; died in Auburn, Cayuga County, N.Y., October 10, 1872; interment in Fort Hill Cemetery.

KELLOGG, William, a Representative from Illinois; born in Kelloggsville, Ashtabula County, Ohio, July 8, 1814; attended the public schools; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Canton, Fulton County, Ill.; member of the State house of representatives in 1849 and 1850; judge of the State circuit court 1850-1855; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1857-March 3, 1863); moved to Peoria, Ill., in 1864; appointed by President Andrew Johnson chief justice of Nebraska Territory in 1865, and served until 1867; collector of internal revenue for the Peoria (Ill.) district 1867-1869; moved to Mississippi in 1869, having been appointed to a judgeship under the prevailing provisional government; upon the readmission of Mississippi to representation he was an unsuccessful candidate to the Forty-first Congress in 1869 and shortly afterward returned to Illinois; died in Peoria, Peoria County, Ill., on December 20, 1872; interment in Springdale Cemetery.

SEBASTIAN, William King, a Senator from Arkansas; born in Centerville, Hickman County, Tenn., in 1812; graduated from Columbia College, Tennessee, about 1834; studied law; admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Helena, Ark., in 1835; later became a cotton planter; prosecuting attorney 1835-1837; circuit judge 1840-1843; associate justice of the State supreme court 1843-1845; member and president of the State senate 1846-1847; presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1846; appointed in 1848 and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Chester Ashley; reelected in 1853 and 1859 and served from May 12, 1848, to July 11, 1861, when he was expelled for support of the Confederate insurrection; chairman, Committee on Manufactures (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses), Committee on Indian Affairs (Thirty-third through Thirty-sixth Congresses); returned to Helena, Ark., where he resided during the Civil War and practiced law; after federal troops occupied Helena, Ark., moved to Memphis, Tenn., in 1864 and resumed the practice of law; died in Memphis, Tenn., May 20, 1865; interment near Helena, Ark., in the Dunn Family burying ground; in 1877, the Senate revoked the resolution of expulsion and paid the full amount of compensation to Sebastian’s children.

MARCY, William Learned, a Senator from New York; born in Sturbridge (now Southbridge), Mass., December 12, 1786; attended the common schools and Leicester and Woodstock Academies; graduated from Brown University, Providence, R.I., in 1808; taught school in Newport, R.I.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1811 and commenced practice in Troy, N.Y.; served in the War of 1812; recorder of Troy 1816-1818, 1821-1823; editor of the Troy Budget; State comptroller 1823-1829; associate justice of the State supreme court 1829-1831; elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation on January 1, 1833, to become Governor; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-second Congress); Governor of New York 1833-1839; member, Mexican Claims Commission 1839-1842; Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President James Polk 1845-1849; resumed the practice of law; Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Franklin Pierce 1853-1857; died in Ballston Spa, N.Y., July 4, 1857; interment in the Rural Cemetery, Albany, N.Y.

DAYTON, William Lewis, a Senator from New Jersey; born in Basking Ridge, Somerset County, N.J., February 17, 1807; attended Trenton (N.J.) Academy and was graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1825; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Freehold, N.J.; member, State council 1837-1838: associate judge of the State supreme court 1838- 1841, when he resigned; appointed and subsequently elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel L. Southard; reelected in 1845, and served from July 2, 1842, to March 3, 1851; unsuccessful candidate for reelection; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Twenty-eighth Congress); resumed the practice of law; nominated in 1856 by the Republican Party as its candidate for vice president on the ticket with John C. Frémont; attorney general of New Jersey 1857-1861; appointed Minister to France on March 18, 1861, and served until his death in Paris, December 1, 1864; interment in Riverview Cemetery, Trenton, N.J.

YANCEY, William Lowndes,  (uncle of Joseph Haynsworth Earle), a Representative from Alabama; born at the Falls of the Ogeechee, Warren County, Ga., August 10, 1814; attended preparatory school and Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.; studied law in Sparta, Ga., was admitted to the bar in 1834 and commenced practice in Greenville, S.C.; moved to Cahawba, Ala., in 1836; temporarily abandoned the practice of law and became a cotton planter; editor of the Cahawba Democrat and the Cahawba Gazette; moved to Wetumpka, Ala., in 1839 and resumed the practice of law; member of the State house of representatives in 1841; served in the State senate in 1843; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dixon H. Lewis; reelected to the Twenty-ninth Congress and served from December 2, 1844, to September 1, 1846, when he resigned; moved to Montgomery, Ala., in 1846; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1848, 1856, and 1860; member of the State constitutional convention which convened in Montgomery January 7, 1861; appointed chairman of the commission sent to Europe in 1861 to present the Confederate cause to the Governments of England and France; elected to the first Confederate States Senate February 21, 1862; died at his plantation home, near Mongtomery, Ala., July 26, 1863; interment in Oakwood Cemetery.

MAHONE, William, a Senator from Virginia; born in Southampton County, Va., December 1, 1826; graduated from the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington in 1847; taught two years at the Rappahannock Military Academy; became a civil engineer with the Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad and rose to president, chief engineer, and superintendent; joined the Confederate Army and took part in the capture of Norfolk Navy Yard; was commissioned brigadier general and major general in 1864; at the close of the Civil War returned to railroad engineering, and became president of the Norfolk and Western; elected to the United States Senate as a Readjuster and served from March 4, 1881, until March 3, 1887; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1887; chairman, Committee on Agriculture (Forty-seventh Congress), Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses); died in Washington, D.C., October 8, 1895; interment in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Va.

EVARTS, William Maxwell,  (grandson of Roger Sherman, cousin of Roger Sherman Baldwin), a Senator from New York; born in Boston, Mass., February 6, 1818; attended the Boston Latin School and graduated from Yale College in 1837; studied at Harvard Law School; admitted to the bar in New York City in 1841 and practiced law; assistant United States district attorney 1849-1853; unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1861; member of the State constitutional convention 1867-1868; appointed Attorney General of the United States by President Andrew Johnson 1868-1869; chief counsel for President Johnson in the impeachment proceedings in 1868; counsel for the United States before the tribunal of arbitration on the Alabama claims at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1872; counsel for President Rutherford Hayes, in behalf of the Republican Party, before the Electoral Commission in 1876; appointed Secretary of State of the United States by President Hayes 1877-1881; delegate to the International Monetary Conference at Paris 1881; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1891; chairman, Committee on the Library (Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses); retired from public life due to ill health; died in New York City, February 28, 1901; interment in Ascutney Cemetery, Windsor, Vt.

GWIN, William McKendree, a Representative from Mississippi and a Senator from California; born near Gallatin, Sumner County, Tenn., October 9, 1805; pursued classical studies; graduated from the medical department of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1828; practiced medicine in Clinton, Miss., until 1833; United States marshal of Mississippi in 1833; elected as a Democrat from Mississippi to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1842; moved to California in 1849; member of the State constitutional convention in 1849; upon the admission of California as a State into the Union was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from September 10, 1850, to March 3, 1855; reelected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occurring at the expiration of his term, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect, and served from January 13, 1857, to March 3, 1861; chairman, Committee on Naval Affairs (Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses), Committee on Post Office and Post Roads (Thirty-sixth Congress); an outspoken proponent of slavery, was twice arrested for disloyalty during the Civil War; traveled to France in 1863 in an attempt to interest Napoleon III in a project to settle American slave-owners in Mexico; retired to California and engaged in agricultural pursuits; died in New York City September 3, 1885; interment in Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, Calif.

McKINLEY, William, Jr., a Representative from Ohio and 25th President of the United States; born in Niles, Ohio, January 29, 1843; attended the public schools, Poland Academy, and Allegheny College; teacher; served in the Union Army, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865; lawyer, private practice; prosecuting attorney of Stark County, Ohio, 1869-1871; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1883); chair, Committee on Revision of the Laws (Forty-seventh Congress); presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1883, until May 27, 1884, when he was succeeded by Jonathan H. Wallace, who successfully contested his election; again elected to the Forty-ninth and to the two succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1891); chair, Committee on Ways and Means (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1884, 1888, and 1892; Governor of Ohio 1891-1896; President of the United States 1897-1901; shot by an assassin in Buffalo, N.Y., on September 6, 1901; died in Buffalo, N.Y., on September 14, 1901; interment in the McKinley Monument (adjacent to West Lawn Cemetery), Canton, Ohio.

BUTLER, William Orlando, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Jessamine County, Ky., April 19, 1791; moved with his parents to Maysville, Ky.; pursued preparatory studies; was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1812; studied law at Lexington; during the War of 1812 served as captain, and was brevetted major for distinguished service in the Battle of New Orleans; aide to General Jackson in 1816 and 1817; was admitted to the bar in 1817 and commenced practice at Carrollton, Ky.; member of the State house of representatives in 1817 and 1818; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839-March 3, 1843); was not a candidate for reelection; during the war with Mexico was commissioned major general of Volunteers June 29, 1846; received the thanks of Congress and a sword for gallantry in the storming of Monterey, Mexico; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Vice President in 1848; declined appointment as Governor of Nebraska Territory in 1855; delegate to the peace convention held in Washington, D.C., in 1861 in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; died in Carrollton, Ky., August 6, 1880; interment in a private burying ground at the foot of Butlers Hill, near Carrollton, Ky.

PENNINGTON, William, (cousin of Alexander Cumming McWhorter Pennington), a Representative from New Jersey; born in Newark, N.J., May 4, 1796; completed preparatory studies; was graduated from Princeton College in 1813; clerk of the United States district court 1815-1826; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Newark in 1820; member of the State general assembly in 1828; served as sergeant at law in 1834; Governor of New Jersey from 1837 to 1843; appointed Governor of Minnesota Territory by President Fillmore but declined to accept; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-sixth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; died in Newark, N.J., February 16, 1862; interment in Mount Pleasant Cemetery.

FESSENDEN, William Pitt,  (brother of Samuel Clement Fessenden and Thomas Amory Deblois Fessenden), a Representative and a Senator from Maine; born in Boscawen, Merrimack County, N.H., October 16, 1806; attended the common schools; graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1827; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1827 and practiced in Bridgeton, Bangor, and Portland, Maine; member, State house of representatives in 1832 and 1840; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1843); declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1842; member, State house of representatives 1845-1846; unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the Thirty-second Congress; member, State house of representatives 1853-1854; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1853, caused by the failure of the legislature to elect; reelected in 1859 as a Republican and served from February 10, 1854, to July 1, 1864, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet appointment; chairman, Committee on Finance (Thirty-seventh through Thirty-ninth Congresses); appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Abraham Lincoln and served from 1864-1865; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; again elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and served from March 4, 1865, until his death in Portland, Maine, September 8, 1869; chairman, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds (Fortieth Congress), Committee on Appropriations (Forty-first Congress), Committee on the Library (Forty-first Congress); originally interred in Western Cemetery in Portland, Maine; later reinterred in an unmarked grave in the Fessenden family plot in Evergreen Cemetery.

MILES, William Porcher, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., July 4, 1822; attended Wellington School in Charleston and was graduated from Charleston College in 1842; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Charleston; mayor of Charleston 1855-1857; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until his retirement in December 1860; member of the Confederate Provisional Congress in Montgomery, Ala., in February 1861; Member of the Confederate Congress from February 1862 to March 1864; colonel on the staff of General Beauregard; president of the University of South Carolina at Columbia 1880-1882; died in Burnside, La., on May 11, 1899; interment in Union Cemetery, Union, Monroe County, W.Va.

COX, William Ruffin, a Representative from North Carolina; born in Scotland Neck, Halifax County, N.C., March 11, 1831; attended Vine Hill Academy in his native town; moved with his mother to Nashville, Tenn.; was graduated from Franklin College in 1851 and from the Lebanon College Law School in 1853; was admitted to the bar in 1853 and practiced in Nashville, Tenn., 1853-1857; returned to North Carolina in 1857 and engaged in agricultural pursuits in Edgecombe County; moved to Raleigh, N.C., in 1859; early in the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as major of the Second North Carolina State Troops; became brigadier general; resumed the practice of law at Raleigh, N.C., in 1865; solicitor of the sixth district 1866-1870; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1868; judge of the superior court for the sixth district in 1877 and 1878, when he resigned; chairman of the Democratic State committee 1875-1877; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1887); unsuccessful candidate for renomination; elected Secretary of the United States Senate April 6, 1893, qualified August 7, 1893, and served until January 31, 1900; resumed agricultural pursuits, with residence at Penelo, Edgecombe County, N.C.; president of the State agricultural society in 1900 and 1901; died in Richmond, Va., on December 26, 1919; interment in Oakwood Cemetery, Raleigh, N.C.

KING, William Rufus de Vane, a Representative from North Carolina, a Senator from Alabama, and a Vice President of the United States; born in Sampson County, N.C., April 7, 1786; attended private schools; graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1803; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1806 and commenced practice in Clinton, N.C.; member, State house of commons 1807-1809; city solicitor of Wilmington, N.C., 1810; elected to the Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, until November 4, 1816, when he resigned; secretary of the legation at Naples and later at St. Petersburg; returned to the United States in 1818 and located in Cahaba, Ala.; planter; delegate to the convention which organized the State government; upon the admission of Alabama as a State into the Union in 1819 was elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate; reelected as a Democratic Republican and as a Jacksonian in 1822, 1828, 1834, and 1841, and served from December 14, 1819, until April 15, 1844, when he resigned; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Twenty-fourth through Twenty-seventh Congresses; chairman, Committee on Public Lands (Twenty-second Congress), Committee on Commerce (Twenty-second, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses); Minister to France 1844-1846; appointed and subsequently elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Arthur P. Bagby and served from July 1, 1848, until his resignation on December 20, 1852, due to poor health; served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Thirty-first Congress), Committee on Pensions (Thirty-first Congress); elected Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket with Franklin Pierce in 1852 and took the oath of office March 24, 1853, in Havana, Cuba, where he had gone for his health, which was a privilege extended by special act of Congress; returned to his plantation, “King’s Bend,” Alabama, and died there April 18, 1853; interment in a vault on his plantation; reinterment in Live Oak Cemetery, Selma, Dallas County, Ala.

SMITH, William, a Representative from Virginia; born in Marengo, King George County, Va., September 6, 1797; attended private schools in Virginia and Plainfield Academy in Connecticut; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Culpeper, Culpeper County, Va., in 1818; established a line of United States mail and passenger post coaches through Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia in 1831; member of the State senate from 1836 to 1841, when he resigned; successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Linn Banks to the Twenty-seventh Congress and served from March 4, 1841, to March 3, 1843; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1842 to the Twenty-eighth Congress; moved to Fauquier County; Governor of Virginia 1846-1849, and unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate during that period; moved to California in April 1849; president of the first Democratic State convention in 1850; returned to Virginia in December 1852; elected to the Thirty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1861); during the Civil War served in the Confederate Army as colonel of the Forty-ninth Regiment of Virginia Infantry, and subsequently was promoted to brigadier general and major general; served in the Confederate Congress in 1862; again Governor of Virginia in 1864; returned to his estate, “Monterosa,” near Warrenton, Va., in June 1865; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of delegates 1877-1879; died in Warrenton, Va., May 18, 1887; interment in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va.

ROSECRANS, William Starke, a Representative from California; born in Kingston, Ross County, Ohio, September 6, 1819; completed preparatory studies; was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1838 and graduated in 1842; brevetted second lieutenant, United States Corps of Engineers, July 1, 1842; second lieutenant April 3, 1843; assistant professor of engineering at the United States Military Academy 1843-1847; in charge of various Government surveys and improvements 1843-1853; resigned from the Army April 1, 1854; engaged as an architect and civil engineer, with residence in Cincinnati; president of the Coal River Navigation Co., Kanawha County, Va. (now West Virginia), in 1856; organized the Preston Coal Oil Co. in 1857 and engaged in the manufacture of kerosene; during the Civil War reentered the service on June 7, 1861, as colonel of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry; commissioned brigadier general, United States Army, May 16, 1861; major general, United States Volunteers, March 21, 1862; resigned from the United States Army March 28, 1867; moved to California and settled in Los Angeles; United States Minister to Mexico in 1868 and 1869; again engaged in civil engineering; president of the Safety Powder Co., Los Angeles, Calif., in 1875; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1881-March 3, 1885); chairman, Committee on Military Affairs (Forty-eighth Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1884; regent of the State university in 1884 and 1885; Register of the Treasury 1885-1893; reappointed brigadier general on the retired list, United States Army (act of Congress, February 27, 1889), and retired March 1, 1889; died near Redondo, Los Angeles County, Calif., March 11, 1898; interment in Rosedale Cemetery; reinterment in the Arlington National Cemetery, May 17, 1902.

BARRY, William Taylor Sullivan, a Representative from Mississippi; born in Columbus, Lowndes County, Miss., December 10, 1821; was graduated from Yale College in 1841; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1844 and commenced practice in Columbus; also engaged in planting; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1851; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); again a member of the State house of representatives and served as speaker in 1855; president of the State secession convention in 1861; member of the Provisional Confederate Congress; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army and raised the Thirty-fifth Regiment of Mississippi Infantry, at times acting as brigade commander; captured at Mobile April 12, 1865; resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Miss., where he died January 29, 1868; interment in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

TERRY, William, a Representative from Virginia; born in Amherst County, Va., August 14, 1824; attended an “old field school” in Amherst County; was graduated from the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1848; taught school; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Wytheville, Va.; engaged in newspaper work; served in the Confederate Army as a lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment, Virginia Infantry; promoted to major in 1862, colonel in February 1864, and commissioned brigadier general May 20, 1864; resumed the practice of law in Wytheville; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1872; elected to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1877); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1876; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880; resumed the practice of law; drowned while trying to ford Reed Creek, near Wytheville, Va., September 5, 1888; interment in East End Cemetery, Wytheville, Va.

WARD, William Thomas, a Representative from Kentucky; born in Amelia County, Va., August 9, 1808; attended the common schools and St. Mary’s College, near Lebanon, Ky.; studied law; was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Greensburg, Ky.; served in the Mexican War as major of the Fourth Kentucky Volunteers in 1847 and 1848; member of the State house of representatives in 1850; elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for renomination in 1852; commissioned brigadier general in the Union Army and served throughout the Civil War; resumed the practice of law in Louisville, Ky., where he died October 12, 1878; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery.

VANDEVER, William, a Representative from Iowa and from California; born in Baltimore, Md., March 31, 1817; attended the common schools and pursued an academic course; moved to Illinois in 1839 and to Iowa in 1851; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Dubuque, Iowa; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses and served from March 4, 1859, to September 24, 1861, when he was mustered into the Union Army as colonel of the Ninth Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry, never having resigned his seat in Congress; promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers in 1862 and brevetted a major general in 1865; member of the peace convention of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war; resumed the practice of law in Dubuque, Iowa; appointed United States Indian inspector by President Grant in 1873, and served until 1877; moved to San Buenaventura, Calif., in 1884; elected as a Republican from California to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887-March 3, 1891); was not a candidate for renomination in 1890; died in Ventura, Calif., July 23, 1893; interment in Ventura Cemetery.

BOYCE, William Waters, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., October 24, 1818; attended South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia and the University of Virginia at Charlottesville; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced in Winnsboro, S.C.; member of the South Carolina state house of representatives, 1846-1847; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1853, until his retirement on December 21, 1860; chairman, Committee on Elections (Thirty-fifth Congress); appointed a delegate for South Carolina to the Confederate Provisional Congress January 4, 1861; elected as a member of the First and Second Confederate Congresses 1862-1864; moved to Washington, D.C., in 1866 and practiced law until his retirement a few years before his death; died at his country home, “Ashland,” in Fairfax County, Va., February 3, 1890; interment in the Episcopal Cemetery, Winnsboro, Fairfield County, S.C.

WILKINS, William, a Senator and a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Carlisle, Pa., December 20, 1779; attended Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1801 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh, Pa.; assisted in organizing the Pittsburgh Manufacturing Co. in 1810; first president of the Bank of Pittsburgh; president of the common council 1816-1819; member, State house of representatives 1820; appointed judge of the fifth judicial district of Pennsylvania 1821-1824; judge of the United States District Court for western Pennsylvania 1824-1831; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1826 to the Twentieth Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-first Congress, but resigned before qualifying; elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1831, to June 30, 1834, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-second Congress), Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-third Congress); appointed United States Minister to Russia 1834-1835; unsuccessful candidate for election to the Twenty-seventh Congress in 1840; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1843, to February 14, 1844, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-eighth Congress); appointed Secretary of War by President John Tyler 1844-1845; member, State senate 1855-1857; major general of the Pennsylvania Home Guards in 1862; died in ‘Homewood,’ near Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa., June 23, 1865; interment in Homewood Cemetery, Wilkinsburg, Pa., a town named for him.

PAYNE, William Winter, a Representative from Alabama; born at “Granville,” near Warrenton, Fauquier County, Va., January 2, 1807; completed preparatory studies; studied law but never practiced; moved to Franklin County, Ala., in 1825 and engaged in planting; member of the State house of representatives in 1831; moved to Sumter County, Ala.; again a member of the State house of representatives 1834-1838 and in 1840; unsuccessful candidate for the State senate in 1839; elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, and Twenty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1841-March 3, 1847); chairman, Committee on Elections (Twenty-eighth Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress; returned to Virginia in 1847 and engaged in planting near Warrenton; chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1859; died in Warrenton, Va., September 2, 1874; interment in the City Cemetery.

GORMAN, Willis Arnold, a Representative from Indiana; born near Flemingsburg, Ky., January 12, 1816; pursued an academic course; moved to Bloomington, Ind., in 1835; was graduated from the law department of the Indiana University at Bloomington in 1845; was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Bloomington; clerk of the State senate in 1837 and 1838; member of Indiana house of representatives, 1841-1844; major and colonel of Indiana Volunteers in the Mexican War; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849-March 3, 1853); was not a candidate for renomination in 1852; moved to Minnesota in 1853; Territorial Governor of Minnesota 1853-1857; delegate to the constitutional convention of Minnesota in 1857; practiced law in St. Paul, Minn., 1857-1861; member of the State house of representatives in 1858; entered the Union Army in 1861 and was colonel of the First Regiment, Minnesota Volunteer Infantry; was mustered out as brigadier general in 1864; resumed the practice of law; prosecuting attorney of St. Paul 1869-1875; died in St. Paul, Minn., May 20, 1876; interment in Oakland Cemetery.

SHANNON, Wilson,  (brother of Thomas Shannon), a Representative from Ohio; born at Mount Olivet, Belmont County, Ohio, February 24, 1802; attended Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 1820-1822 and Transylvania College, Lexington, Ky., in 1823; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1830 and began practice in St. Clairsville, Ohio; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1832 to the Twenty-third Congress; prosecuting attorney for Belmont County 1833-1835; State prosecuting attorney in 1835; Governor of Ohio 1838-1840; unsuccessful candidate for Governor in 1840; again Governor of Ohio 1842-1844; unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1842; United States Minister to Mexico in 1844 and 1845; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853-March 3, 1855); was not a candidate for renomination in 1854; Governor of Kansas Territory in 1855 and 1856; engaged in the practice of law in Lawrence, Kans., where he died August 30, 1877; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

FEATHERSTON, Winfield Scott, a Representative from Mississippi; born near Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tenn., August 8, 1820; completed preparatory studies; moved to Mississippi and settled in Houston; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1840 and commenced practice in Houston, Miss.; elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1847-March 3, 1851); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress; resumed the practice of law at Houston, Miss.; moved to Holly Springs in 1856; served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; commissioned brigadier general March 4, 1862; paroled in Greensboro, N.C., May 1, 1865; unsuccessful candidate for United States Senator in 1865; member of the State house of representatives in 1876 and 1880; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880; member of the State constitutional convention in 1890; died in Holly Springs, Miss., May 28, 1891; interment in Hill Crest Cemetery.

CHANDLER, Zachariah,  (nephew of John Chandler and Thomas Chandler, grandfather of Frederick Hale and great-great-granduncle of Rod Dennis Chandler), a Senator from Michigan; born in Bedford, N.H., December 10, 1813; attended the common schools; taught school; moved to Detroit, Mich., in 1833 and engaged in mercantile pursuits; mayor of Detroit in 1851; unsuccessful Whig candidate for Governor in 1852; was prominent in the organization of the Republican Party in 1854; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1857; reelected in 1863 and again in 1869 and served from March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1875; unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874; chairman, Committee on Commerce (Thirty-seventh through Forty-third Congresses); appointed Secretary of the Interior by President Ulysses Grant 1875-1877; chairman of the Republican National Executive Committee 1868-1876; again elected in 1879 to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Isaac P. Christiancy and served from February 22, 1879, until his death on November 1, 1879, in Chicago, Ill; interment in Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.

VANCE, Zebulon Baird, (nephew of Robert Brank Vance [1793-1827] and brother of Robert Brank Vance [1828-1899]), a Representative and a Senator from North Carolina; born on Reems Creek, near Asheville, Buncombe County, N.C., May 13, 1830; attended the common schools of Buncombe County, and Washington (Tenn.) College; studied law at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Asheville, N.C.; elected prosecuting attorney of Buncombe County in 1852; member, State house of commons 1854; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas L. Clingman; reelected to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served from December 7, 1858, to March 3, 1861; during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army as a captain and was promoted to the rank of colonel; elected Governor of North Carolina in 1862, and reelected in 1864; removed from office in 1865 when he was arrested and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. for Confederate activities; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in November 1870, but did not present his credentials; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1872; Governor of North Carolina 1876-1878; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1879; reelected in 1884 and 1890, and served from March 4, 1879, until his death; chairman, Committee on Enrolled Bills (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Privileges and Elections (Fifty-third Congress); died in Washington, D.C., April 14, 1894; funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate; interment in Riverside Cemetery, Asheville, N.C.