Election of 1860

The election of 1860 may have been the most significant in American history. It was certainly the only contest so far where the losing party refused to accept the results. Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican elected to the White House, securing an easy electoral majority but with just less than 40 percent of the popular vote. Within weeks, states from the Deep South, led by South Carolina, began to secede from the union. (By Matthew Pinsker)

On
Date Event
Lincoln holds meeting regarding 1860 election
Senator Seward sails for Europe on a mission to "recruit his health" and study "Old World" institutions
Leading Chicago newspaper strongly endorses Abraham Lincoln for President
Abraham Lincoln gives a speech in Elwood at the start of a five day speaking tour in Kansas
Abraham Lincoln tests his speech on slavery during a visit to Atchison, Kansas
- Abraham Lincoln finishes his five day speaking tour in Kansas with two speeches in Leavenworth
Abraham Lincoln leaves for home after his short Kansas speaking tour
Senator Seward of New York returns to the United States from Europe
The returned Senator Seward meets his New York City contituents
The California Legislature assembles in Sacremento with a slight pro-slavery Democratic majority
Illinois Democrats choose their Charleston delegates and back Stephen Douglas as the nominee
Kentucky Democratic Convention chooses James Guthrie as its candidate for president
- The Alabama Democratic Convention meets in Montgomery and formulates the "Alabama Platform"
- Indiana Democratic Convention meets in Indianapolis
Tennessee Democrats nominate Senator Andrew Johnson as their candidate for president
Republican Salmon P. Chase elected as Senator from Ohio
John W. Forney returns as Clerk of the House, this time as a Republican
Democrats increase their majority in Lancaster, Pennsylvania municipal elections
Connecticut Democratic Convention nominates relectant Thomas Seymour for Governor
- Pennsylvania Opposition Party Convention nominates Cameron for President and Curtin for Governor
Abraham Lincoln speaks before the Cooper Union in New York City
Abraham Lincoln speaks in Providence, Rhode Island
Wisconsin Republicans support William Seward for President
Ohio Republicans meet in Columbus and select Senator Chase as their choice for President
Abraham Lincoln speaks to New Hampshire Republicans at Exeter
Abraham Lincoln visits his son at Phillips Academy in New Hampshire
Louisiana Democratic Convention selects Senator John Slidell as preferred candidate for President
Massachusetts Republicans make William H. Seward their first choice for President
Abraham Lincoln rallies Connecticut Republicans in a strong evening speech at Norwich
Abraham Lincoln concludes his New England tour with a speech in Bridgeport, Connecticut
Lincoln claims he cannot raise $10,000 for campaign even to save himself from "fate of John Brown"
Constitutional Union Party begins its presidential campaign in Boston
Kansas Democrats choose Stephen Douglas as their candidate for President
Arkansas Democratic Convention meets in Little Rock
Republicans sweep state elections in Connecticut
Conservative Republican defeats the official Republican nominee in race for Rhode Island governor
- Missouri Democratic Party Convention meets in Jefferson City
Indiana's Constitutional Union Party selects Ohio's Judge John McLean as choice for President
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania elects Democrat William H. Kepner as its first mayor
In Virginia, Prince William County Republicans meet to choose delegates for the state convention in Wheeling
New York State Republican Convention selects William H. Seward as its choice for President
- Democrats hold their National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina
Maryland Republicans hold their state convention in Baltimore amidst hostile crowds
The Delaware Opposition Party Convention meets to select delegates for Chicago
Opposition Party holds on to power in the Philadelphia municipal elections
The Virginia Republican State Convention meets in Wheeling, Virginia
In Charleston, South Carolina, the Democratic National Convention votes to adjourn and meet in Baltimore
- Illinois Republicans hold their state convention in Decatur and nominate Richard Yates for governor
The Constitutional Union Party meets in its national convention in Baltimore, Maryland
Meeting in Baltimore, the Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell for president
Female correspondent covers the Chicago Convention of the Republican Party
- Republican National Convention meets in Chicago, Illinois
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln receives the news by telegraph of his nomination for President
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln is formally offered the Republican Party nomination for President
In Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln formally accepts the Republican nomination for President
Alabama Constitutional Union Convention in Selma applauds nominations of Bell and Everett
Pennsylvania Republicans meet in Harrisburg and Philadelphia to ratify the recent nominations in Chicago
- Divided Alabama Democratic Party holds two separate nominating conventions in Montgomery
Horatio Seymour withdraws his name from any consideration for the Democratic presidential nomination
Maine Republicans endorse Lincoln for President and nominate Israel Washburn for governor
In Detroit, Michigan Republicans endorse the Chicago nominations and choose Austin Blair for governor
At Donaldsonville, Louisiana's "New Line" Democrats endorse Stephen Douglas for president
Illinois State Democratic Convention meets in Springfield
Democratic National Convention reconvenes in Baltimore
Democratic National Convention enters its second day in Baltimore
- Democratic National Convention continues in Baltimore locked in debate over credentials and slavery
Breakaway delegates in Baltimore nominate John C. Breckinridge, splitting the Democratic Party
The depleted Democratic National Convention in Baltimore nominates Stephen Douglas for President
Senator Benjamin Fitzpatrick of Alabama declines the Democratic nomination for vice president
Vermont Republican Convention meets in Rutland and nominates Erastus Fairbanks for governor
Stephen Douglas makes his formal acceptance of his nomination for President of the United States
At a mass meeting in Tammany Hall, New York Democrats unite behind Stephen Douglas
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Democrats meet over the split in the party's presidential nominations
Ohio Democratic State Convention splits over endorsement of the Douglas-Johnson presidential ticket
Mayor Wood of New York City proposes Democrats vote strategically across the country in November
Outside the White House, thousands of Democrats hear President Buchanan speak in favor of Breckinridge
Ohio Republican congressional candidate leaves party over platform plank on immigrant voting
William T. Sherman, teaching in Louisiana, writes to his wife with cynicism about the upcoming election
In a fiery speech, Senator Sumner predicts slavery will one day die as "a poisoned rat dies in its hole"
New York States' Constitutional Unionists meet in convention at Utica
Prominent New York American Party politician James O. Putnam endorses Abraham Lincoln
Sparse attendance at a Douglas meeting in Wilmington, Delaware
Bell-Everett newspaper in Augusta, Georgia calls the Breckinridge-Lane candidacy the "Suicide Ticket"
At a Lincoln rally in New York City, Horace Greeley woos former Whig and American Party voters
Stephen Douglas visits Hartford, Connecticut telling the crowd only the "regular" Democrats can save the country
Arriving in Boston, Stephen Douglas continues his political tour
The Pacific republic movement spreads to Oregon with rumors printed in the Salem press
Breckinridge supporter John Brown Gordon tells college students slavery is "the hand-maid of civil liberty"
Abraham Lincoln writes to introduce himself to his running mate Hannibal Hamlin
In San Francisco, Emperor Norton I dissolves the United States republic and declares an absolute monarchy
Benjamin Butler booed off the stage at Democratic meeting in Lowell, Massachusetts
Survey finds only nine of Harvard's 107 man class of 1860 are Democrats while seventy-five are Republicans
California Breckinridge Democrats organize in San Francisco
From Missouri, Carl Schurz writes to his wife of his success in winning German-born voters to the Republican side
In San Francisco, Democratic Party talks aimed at uniting Electoral College votes against the Republicans fail
In Indiana, the Breckinridge Democrats meet in a state convention in Indianapolis
Nebraska Republicans hold their territorial convention at Plattsmouth
Giant Republican rally in Springfield, Illinois
Illinois Constitutional Union supporters hold their state convention in Decatur
Nebraska Democrats hold their territorial convention at Omaha
Stephen Douglas continues his campaign swing through Virginia at Petersburg
In Augusta, former Georgia congressman Andrew Stephens speaks at a rally for Stephen Douglas
In Vermont, Republicans win state-wide elections
Senator W.H. Seward speaks in Detroit on a campaign swing for Republicans in Michigan
- In California, Douglas Democrats hold their state convention in Sacramento and choose electors
Another huge Republican rally, this time in Jersey City, New Jersey
In Baltimore, Stephen Douglas speaks to a large crowd in Monument Square
Senator Douglas's campaign swing reaches Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Republicans sweep the Maine state-wide elections
In California, Breckinridge Democrats hold their state convention in Sacramento and choose electors
Four thousand "Wide Awake" club members march in a torch-lit parade through Albany, New York
In New York City, a massive Douglas Democrat campaign barbecue draws tens of thousands
Stephen Douglas continues his campaign with a whistle-stop train journey through up-state New York
In Pennsylvania, Douglas and Breckinridge Democrats unite behind gubernatorial nominee Henry Foster
Senator Douglas's New York campaign swing arrives in Rochester
Rhode Island Republican Convention held in Providence
Senator Seward campaigns for the Republican Party in St. Joseph, Missouri
In New York City, Republican "Wide Awakes" brawl with Bell supporters on Broadway
In Maryland, Breckinridge supporter William Yancey of Alabama speaks before a large crowd in Easton
Campaigning in Kansas, Senator Seward receives a hero's welcome at Lawrence
Florida holds state-wide elections, choosing Breckinridge Democrat John Milton as governor
In Connecticut, Bridgeport elects a Republican mayor
In New York City, 12,000 Republican "Wide-Awakes" march in a huge torch-lit night parade
William H. Seward continues his stumping tour for Republicans in Cleveland, Ohio
W.H. Seward arrives home in Auburn, New York after his Midwestern electioneering tour
Republicans sweep to victory in state-wide elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota
In New York City, "fire-eater" William L. Yancey of Alabama speaks at the Cooper Union
- Stephen Douglas makes his final campaign tour, through the Deep South
In Kentucky, "fire-eater" William Lowndes Yancey stumps for Breckinridge
- Stephen Douglas ends his presidential campaign with speeches in Georgia and Alabama
In Baltimore, pre-election political parades and meetings spawn violence
New York City's veterans of the War of 1812 meet and declare for Lincoln and the Republicans
William T. Sherman, teaching in Louisiana, writes to his wife about local attitudes on the election
Crowd waiting outside the Charleston Mercury office cheer at news of Abraham Lincoln’s victory
Presidential election evokes little excitement in Philadelphia
Election Day in Memphis, Tennessee
Stephen Douglas receives updates on election returns while in Mobile, Alabama
Senator John C. Breckinridge votes at home in Lexington, Kentucky
In New York City, crowds of Democrats gather outside Tammany Hall to hear the news of their defeat
The moderate Constitutional Union ticket of Bell and Everett narrowly carries Virginia
Abraham Lincoln votes in Springfield, Illinois at 3:30PM and waits for election news at a local telegraph office
New York City resident George Templeton Strong votes for Abraham Lincoln
Philadelphia Democrats urge the South not to take precipitous action over the Republican victory
William T. Sherman writes to his wife from Louisiana about the election
- Financial disruption verges on panic and Virginia banks suspend specie payments
As specie flows South, New York banks agree to work in concert to stabilize markets
The Georgia Legislature chooses its presidential electors
General Winfield Scott orders Captain Charles Stone to put the District of Columbia Militia under arms
Captain Charles Stone takes up his duties at the head of the District of Columbia Militia
In Augusta, former Maine governor Lot M. Morrill elected to replace Hannibal Hamlin in U.S. Senate
In Harrisburg, Andrew Gregg Curtin sworn in as the Pennsylvania's first Republican governor
General Scott gives assurances of a smooth official counting of the Electoral College votes next week
President-Elect Lincoln departs Springfield, Illinois on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Indianapolis on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
The presidential election becomes official with the announcement from the Electoral College
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln visits Columbus, Ohio on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
President-Elect Abraham Lincoln arrives in Pittsburgh on his eleven-day pre-inaugural journey
Abraham Lincoln speaks in Pittsburgh and then continues his pre-inaugural tour to Cleveland, Ohio
Abraham Lincoln travels from Cleveland to Buffalo, New York meeting Grace Bedell on the way
Abraham Lincoln reaches Albany, New York on his pre-inaugural tour and speaks at the capitol
Abraham Lincoln arrives in New York City on his pre-inaugural tour
Abraham Lincoln spends the day in New York City, addresses the City Council, and goes to the Opera
Abraham Lincoln travels to Trenton, New Jersey and then to Philadelphia on his pre-inaugural tour
Abraham Lincoln visits Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and from there secretly travels directly to Washington
Edward Payson Weston sets off to walk from Boston to Washington DC to pay off an election bet
Abraham Lincoln secretly heads directly to Washington arriving in the early morning hours
The 36th Congress of the United States ends its second session, finishes its term, and adjourns
Hannibal Hamlin takes the oath as fifteenth Vice President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol
Edward Payson Weston, having walked from Boston, arrives in Washington DC four hours late
Abraham Lincoln takes the oath as the sixteenth President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol
Outgoing president James Buchanan leaves Washington for his home in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
The U.S. Senate, sitting in extraordinary session, confirms all of President Lincoln's cabinet choices
Date Title
Washington (DC) National Era, "Black Republicanism in Missouri," January 1, 1857
New York Herald, "The Decision in the Dred Scott," March 9, 1857
New York Herald, “The New Order of Battle,” March 13, 1857
Washington (DC) National Era, "The Southern Press," April 30, 1857
Washington (DC) National Era, “A Mistake,” August 13, 1857
Washington (DC) National Era, "The Union," October 15, 1857
New York Times, “Opening of the Presidential Campaign of 1860,” December 23, 1857
Israel Washburn to James Shepard Pike, March 16, 1858
New York Herald, "Found At Last," June 13, 1858
Raleigh (NC) Register, “The Northern Democracy Split to Pieces,” June 23, 1858
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “A Crumb of Comfort for Mr. Seward,” June 26, 1858
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Orleans Delta on the Illinois Republican Convention,” July 5, 1858
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Senator Crittenden,” July 8, 1858
New York Times, "Presidential Candidates," July 14, 1858
Milwaukie (WI) Sentinel, "Douglas in the South," July 20, 1858
New York Herald, "The Late Meeting of Maryland Slaveholders," July 23, 1858
(St. Louis) Missouri Republican, “Our Work Is Done,” August 1, 1858
New York Herald, “Political Joking," August 15, 1858
Recollection by J.K. Magic, Ottawa Debate, August 21, 1858
Recollection by Ingalls Carleton, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Recollection by Joseph Medill, Freeport Debate, August 27, 1858
Joseph Medill to Abraham Lincoln, August 27, 1858
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “1860,” September 13, 1858
New York Times, “A Georgia Douglas Man,” October 20, 1858
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, "Divided We Fall," October 25, 1858
Horace White to Abraham Lincoln, November 5, 1858
New York Herald, “Douglas for the Presidency,” November 7, 1858
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Revival of the Whig Party,” November 8, 1858
William A. Grimshaw to Abraham Lincoln, November 11, 1858
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "A House Divided, &c.," November 17, 1858
New York Herald, “Mr. Douglas On His Travels,” November 28, 1858
New York Herald, “The Struggle Among the Virginia Democracy,” December 5, 1858
Raleigh (NC) Register, “Douglas Stock Rising,” December 8, 1858
New York Herald, “The Union of the Opposition Factions,” December 10, 1858
Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, December 11, 1858
New York Times, “Senator Douglas and the City Government,” December 20, 1858
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Political Meeting,” December 24, 1858
New York Times, “Douglas and the Democracy,” December 25, 1858
New York Times, “Reasons why all Parties should Nominate Southern Candidates for President in 1860,” December 27, 1858
Recollection of Jesse W. Fell, Conversation with Abraham Lincoln in early 1859
New York Times, “Arrival of Senator Douglas in Philadelphia,” January 4, 1859
Recollection by Gustave Koerner, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
Recollection by Horace White, Senator Douglas Reelected, January 5, 1859
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Plans of the Opposition for 1860,” January 9, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Presidential Aspirants,” January 10, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “For the Lambs of the Flock,” January 12, 1859
New York Herald, “The Present Congress and the Next President,” January 17, 1859
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Chicago Times, Senator Douglas and the Administration,” January 18, 1859
New York Herald, “The Presidential Question,” January 24, 1859
New York Herald, “The Case of Douglas vs. Fitch," January 25, 1859
New York Times, “The Killing of the Pacific Railroad,” January 29, 1859
New York Herald, “The Presidential Question,” January 29, 1859
Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “A Candid Southern Opinion,” January 31, 1859
New York Herald, “The Tariff,” February 13, 1859
New York Herald, “The Black Republicans and Mr. Douglas,” February 22, 1859
New York Times, “The Political Future,” February 26, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Union of the South,” March 9, 1859
New York Herald, “The Anti-Slavery Tactics,” March 10, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “A Hand Writing on the Wall,” March 11, 1859
New York Herald, “The Gubernatorial Contest in Virginia,” April 3, 1859
New York Herald, “The Late Scattering Elections,” April 6, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Beginning of the Presidential Campaign,” April 7, 1859
New York Herald, “The Next Presidential Election,” April 10, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Democratic Prospects,” April 11, 1859
Thomas J. Pickett to Abraham Lincoln, April 13, 1859
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “The Democracy and Non-Intervention,” April 13, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Thomas J. Pickett, April 16, 1859
Ripley (OH) Bee, “Gov. Wise and the Presidency,” April 16, 1859
New York Herald, “The Charleston Convention,” April 20, 1859
New York Times, “A Party Portrait of Dictator Lopez,” April 25, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “An Opinion,” May 3, 1859
New York Times, “When Did He Die?,” May 11, 1859
New York Times, “Democratic Preparations for 1860,” May 17, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Theodore Canisius, May 17, 1859
New York Times, “Making Too Much Haste,” May 21, 1859
New York Herald, “Does Mr. Crittenden Back Out?,” May 22, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Republicanism in Virginia,” June 7, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Another Dred Scott Decision,” June 8, 1859
New York Times, “Political Letters,” June 16, 1859
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “William H. Seward,” June 18, 1859
New York Times, “Albany and Richmond,” June 29, 1859
Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “The Douglas Manifesto,” July 4, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Forney and Douglas,” July 7, 1859
New York Herald, “The Spoils,” July 20, 1858
New York Herald, “Mr. Buchanan and the Succession,” July 24, 1859
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Folly,” July 25, 1859
San Francisco (CA) Evening Bulletin, “If a Republican President?,” July 26, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Douglas in Kentucky,” July 27, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Chances of Douglas,” July 28, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, July 28, 1859
New York Times, “The Slavery Question,” July 29, 1859
New York Herald,“Mr. Douglas and His Forthcoming Manifesto,” July 31, 1859
New York Times, “An Unwise Letter,” August 5, 1859
New York Herald, “The Morals of Politics,” August 7, 1859
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “What is thought at the North of the New Ultimatum,” August 15, 1859
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Presidential,” August 30, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Open Declaration of Hostilities,” August 31, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Speech of Hon. Jeff. Davis,” September 5, 1859
New York Times, “The Telegraph and the Presidency,” September 9, 1859
New York Herald, “Stump Candidates for the Presidency,” September 11, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “New Danger To Douglas,” September 29, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Douglas in Mississippi,” October 3, 1859
Memphis (TN) Appeal, “Fremont’s Position,” October 9, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Corwin, October 9, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “The Charleston Convention,” October 15, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Where will they Go?,” October 17, 1859
Charles H. Ray to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1859
Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, "The Slave Insurrection at Harper's Ferry," October 27, 1859
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "Good Out of Evil," October 27, 1859
New York Herald, “Political Excitement on the Rise,” October 30, 1859
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "Political Effect," October 31, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to William E. Frazer, November 1, 1859
Charleston (SC) Mercury, “Mr. Douglas’ New Book,” November 4, 1859
Hartford (CT) Courant, "Untitled," November 9, 1859
William E. Frazer to Abraham Lincoln, November 12, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Other Brown," December 1, 1859
New York Herald, “The South and Southern Safety,” December 4, 1859
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "Virginia Wants the Nation to Foot Her Bills," December 8, 1859
New York Herald, “Judge Douglas and the Administration,” December 11, 1859
William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, December 12, 1859
Hartford (CT) Courant, “Untitled,” December 20, 1859
Abraham Lincoln to Jesse W. Fell, December 20, 1859
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Mr. Douglas and the Presidency,” December 23, 1859
New York Herald, “Seward Nominated for the Presidency by the Abolitionists,” December 25, 1859
New York Herald, “Nomination of Gen. Scott by the New York Union Meeting,” December 27, 1859
New York Herald, "The Underground Railroad and Its Victims," January 5, 1860
Oliver P. Hall and Others to Abraham Lincoln, January 9, 1860, Mechanicsburg, Illinois
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Another Grievance for Virginia,” January 11, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “The Campaign of 1860,” January 14, 1860
Charleston (SC) Courier, “The Probable Southern Candidate,” January 26, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “Paying the Piper,” January 28, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “The Voice of Indiana,” January 28, 1860
Charles Billinghurst to Abraham Lincoln, February 8, 1860
Horace White to Abraham Lincoln, February 10, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Sedition Laws,” February 14, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Oliver P. Hall, Jacob N. Fullinwider, and William F. Correll , Springfield, Illinois
Raleigh (NC) Register, “How Firmly United the Democracy Are,” February 22, 1860
Boston (MA) Advertiser, “What to do with Mr. Douglas,” February 23, 1860
Abraham Lincoln, Address at Cooper Institute, New York City, February 27, 1860
New York Herald, “Trouble among the Republican President Makers,” February 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Andrew J. Curtin,” March 1, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “The Chicago Convention,” March 2, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Abraham Lincoln’s Speech,” March 2, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Mr. Seward’s Speech,” March 3, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Mary Todd Lincoln, March 4, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Pennsylvania,” March 5, 1860
Bangor (ME) Whig and Courier, “Mr. Douglas’s Bid,” March 5, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Pair of Smart Politicians,” March 14, 1860
Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Untitled,” March 15, 1860
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “Kellogg on Douglas,” March 17, 1860
T. E. Norris to Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter, March 17, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot,“For President In 1860, Stephen A. Douglas,” March 17, 1860
James A. Briggs to Salmon Portland Chase, March 17, 1860
New York Times, "Democratic National Convention," March 17, 1860
Philip Dandridge to Robert Hunter, March 18, 1860
R. Tansill to Robert Hunter, March 22, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Charleston Convention,” March 24, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, March 24, 1860
Charles Linsley to Robert Hunter, March 26, 1860
Henry Fitzhugh to Robert Hunter, March 26, 1860
William Wilkins to James Watson Webb, March 26, 1860
Asa Biggs to Robert Hunter, March 27, 1860
New York Times, “A Political Reason for High Charges,” March 28, 1860
Thomas L. Kane to Robert Hunter, March 30, 1860
C.G. Baylor to Robert Hunter, March 31, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “The Last Revelation from Douglas,” April 3, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Wide-Awakes,” April 4, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Douglas in Pennsylvania,” April 7, 1860
Alexander Kelly McClure to Eli Slifer, April 14, 1860
New York Times, “A Bomb-Shell for Charleston,” April 19, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Waking Up to Their Danger,” April 20, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Douglas Nomination,” April 21, 1860
New York Herald, “The Republican Press on the Chances of Douglas,” April 22, 1860
New York Times, “The Charleston Convention,” April 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Wigwam,” April 25, 1860
San Francisco (CA) Evening Bulletin, “Seward the Republican Nominee,” April 25, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “The Union,” April 26, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “‘Old Judge McLean’,” April 27, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Infamy Complete,” April 27, 1860
New York Times, “Party Contests,” April 28, 1860
New York Herald, “The Platform Crisis in Charleston,” April 29, 1860
New York Times, “The Charleston Convention,” May 1, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Democratic Party Gone To Smash,” May 2, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Prophecy Fulfilled,” May 2, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Seceders at Charleston,” May 3, 1860
Boston (MA) Advertiser, “The Wide Awakes,” May 4, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Northern Democrat at a Slave Auction,” May 5, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “The Coming Conventions,” May 9, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Admission of Kansas,” May 10, 1860
New York Times, “Disunion Plots,” May 10, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom’s Champion, “The Charleston Convention,” May 12, 1860
Entry by Orville Browning, May 16, 1860
- Recollection by Henry C. Whitney, Republican National Convention, May 16-18, 1860
- Recollection by Murat Halstead, Republican National Convention, May 16-18, 1860
Abraham Lincoln's Endorsement on the Margin of the Missouri Democrat, May 17, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "The Convention Week in Chicago," May 17, 1860
New York Times, “A Douglas Demonstration in New York,” May 18, 1860
Joshua Reed Giddings to Abraham Lincoln, May 19, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Enthusiasm over the Nomination,” May 19, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Black Republican Nominees," May 21, 1860
Richmond (VA) Dispatch, “The Chicago Convention,” May 21, 1860
Charleston (SC) Courier, "A Great Error," May 22, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "The Objects of the Black Republican Party Boldly Avowed," May 22, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Nomination of Mr. Lincoln,” May 22, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln as He Is,” May 23, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Register, "The Giant Killer Reversing His Own Work," May 23, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, “The Chicago Convention,” May 23, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Kansas in the Senate,” May 23, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to George Ashmun, May 23, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Candidates,” May 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Going – Going – Gone!,” May 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune,“The Fillmore Men,” May 25, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Lincoln and Hamlin,” May 25, 1860
New York Herald, “Bell and Everett Going Ahead,” May 27, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The New York Sun on Lincoln,” May 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln's Committals,” May 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Lincoln’s Hold on the Working-Men,” May 30, 1860
Schuyler Colfax to Abraham Lincoln, May 30, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Leonard Swett, May 30, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Stop Quarreling,” May 30, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What Lincoln Did Not Do,” May 30, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Bell and Everett Going Ahead,” May 31, 1860
Abraham Lincoln, Autobiography, circa June 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Abraham Lincoln,” June 1, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to George Ashmun, June 4, 1860
Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “Can Locofocos Explain It?,” June 5, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, “Untitled,” June 6, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Bell on Abolition Petitions,” June 6, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Lincoln at the South,” June 7, 1860
Stephen A. Douglas to Follett Foster & Company, June 9, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Mr. Lincoln’s Majority in 1858,” June 11, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Getting Their Eyes Open,” June 11, 1860
New York Herald, “Commencement of Republican Cabinet Making,” June 12, 1860
Richard W. Thompson to Abraham Lincoln, June 12, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Mr. Bell’s Acceptance,” June 14, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Violations of the Constitution,” June 15, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Richard W. Thompson, June 18, 1860
John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, June 18, 1860
George Ashmun to Abraham Lincoln, June 18, 1860
New York Times, “The Baltimore Convention,” June 18, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Samuel Galloway, June 19, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Fillmore Men,” June 19, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Jeff. Davis on Platforms,” June 21, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “Noble Deeds of Northern Democracy,” June 23, 1860
New York Herald, “The Reception of the Nomination of Douglas,” June 24, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Douglas’ Saturday Night,” June 25, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Thirty Days From Now,” June 26, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Explanation,” June 28, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Difference of Opinion,” June 29, 1860
James O. Putnam to Leonard Swett, copied in Swett to Abraham Lincoln, July 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “A Quiet Campaign,” July 2, 1860
New York Times, “The Presidential Election,” July 4, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Douglas Fizzle in Ashtabula,” July 6, 1860
Richard W. Thompson to Abraham Lincoln, July 6, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Shabby Treatment,” July 7, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “The Democratic ‘Irrepressible Conflict,’” July 7, 1860
Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Decidedly Wrong,” July 7, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A New Picture of Lincoln,” July 9, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Richard W. Thompson, July 10, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Political Dodge,” July 10, 1860
John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, July 11, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “In A Quandary,” July 12, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Republican Paper Destroyed and Its Editor Driven from Town,” July 13, 1860
John L. Scripps to Abraham Lincoln, July 17, 1860
New York Times, “The Fears of Mr. Wigfall,” July 17, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Register, “The President on the Stump,” July 18, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “An Important Change,” July 19, 1860
New York Times, “The Herald in Harness,” July 21, 1860
Atchison (KS) Freedom's Champion, “An Insult to Labor,” July 21, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Still 'Suppressed,'” July 21, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Abraham Jonas, July 21, 1860
New York Herald, “Lincoln or Breckinridge,” July 22, 1860
William T. Sherman to Thomas Ewing, Jr., July 22, 1860
New York Herald, “Slaves in New York,” July 23, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, “Untitled,” July 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “What the South Really Fears,” July 25, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Black Republicanism Defined,” July 25, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “Bell for a Slave Code,” July 26, 1860
Jole Johnson to Abraham Lincoln, July 27, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Mobbing Business,” July 28, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Patriotic Woman,” July 28, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Making a Cat’s-Paw of Douglas,” July 31, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Wide Awakes,” August 1, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “The Two Kinds of Intervention,” August 2, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Result of Freedom,” August 3, 1860
New York Herald, “The Election in North Carolina,” August 4, 1860
New York Herald, “Trouble Among the Republicans,” August 5, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “A Word For Douglasites,” August 6, 1860
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, "Who Are For Disunion?," August 8, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "The 'Irrepressible Conflict,'" August 9, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, "Precipitate A Revolution," August 9, 1860
New York Times, "Politics at the South," August 10, 1860
James Buchanan to Gerard Hallock, August 11, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Combination to Cheat the People,” August 11, 1860
New York Herald, “A Crowd of Douglasites in the Mud,” August 12, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Three Southern Frights,” August 13, 1860
New York Herald, “'Honest Old Abe' and His Cabinet,” August 14, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "Let Us Frighten Them," August 16, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “The South for Bell and Everett,” August 20, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Not Going to Dissolve the Union," August 21, 1860
New York Times, “Mr. Yancey's Speech,” August 21, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, "No Go Yet," August 23, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “Mr. Lincoln’s Foresight,” August 23, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, "California for Douglas," August 25, 1860
New York Herald, “Interruption of a Political Meeting,” August 26, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "Facts for the People," August 28, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Alexander McClure, August 30, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Broken Platform,” August 30, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, “Is Lincoln an Abolitionist?,” August 31, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Artful Dodger,” September 1, 1860
New York Herald, “Pennsylvania Politicians and New York Money,” September 2, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “A Two-Edged Sword,” September 3, 1860
New York Times, “Senator Seward in Michigan,” September 5, 1860
Memphis (TN) Appeal, "Yancey on Douglas," September 6, 1860
Dover (NH) Gazette, “Withdrawal of General Houston,” September 8, 1860
New York Times, “Speech of Mr. Breckinridge,” September 10, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "Mr. Breckinridge’s Great Speech at Lexington," September 11, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "The Disunion Movement," September 13, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, “The War of the Giants,” September 13, 1860
New York Herald, “The Reign of Terror in Texas,” September 16, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “The Astounding Impertinence of Douglas,” September 17, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Mum on the Great Question,” September 17, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “As Was Expected,” September 18, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Register, "Bell and Everett Pole-Raising," September 19, 1860
New York Times, “Disunion Ravings,” September 20, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Who Began It?,” September 21, 1860
New York Times, “The Nonsense of Disunion,” September 22, 1860
New York Herald, “The Missouri Breckinridge State Convention,” September 23, 1860
Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “The Difference,” September 25, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "Black Republican Bible," September 26, 1860
New York Times, “When to Secede,” September 28, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Wolves In Sheep’s Clothing,” September 29, 1860
New York Herald, “Campaign Documents,” September 30, 1860
New York Times, “The Wide-Awake Parade,” October 3, 1860
Ripley (OH) Bee, "The Disunion Slave Code Candidate," October 4, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "The 'Coercion' Issue," October 5, 1860
New York Times, “Found at Last,” October 5, 1860
New York Herald, “Won't Submit to Lincoln,” October 8, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Judge Taney vs. Douglas," October 9, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Information Wanted,” October 10, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Trap For Douglas,” October 11, 1860
Charleston (SC) Mercury, "The Terrors of Submission," October 11, 1860
Anonymous. “True Republicans” to Abraham Lincoln, Friday, October 12, 1860
New York Herald, “What are the Southern States Going to Do?,” October 12, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “There's No Secession in That,” October 13, 1860
New York Herald, “Disturbance at a Breckinridge Barbecue in Kentucky,” October 14, 1860
New York Times, “Very Suspicious,” October 15, 1860
Grace Bedell to Abraham Lincoln, October 15, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Attack on the Wide Awakes of Wheeling, Va.,” October 17, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Wide Awakes at Washington,” October 19, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Grace Bedell, October 19, 1860
John Hays to Charles Francis Himes, October 19, 1860
David Hunter to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1860
David Wilmot to Abraham Lincoln, October 20, 1860
New York Herald, “American Sensations During 1860,” October 21, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, "John Sherman, the Abolitionist, Proposes Three Cheers for Douglas," October 24, 1860
Chicago (IL) Press and Tribune, “Fear of Insurrection,” October 24, 1860
New York Herald, “The Demonstration on Tuesday Night,” October 25, 1860
New York Times, “The Disunion Plot at Washington,” October 26, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to David Hunter, October 26, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Plot of the Desperadoes,” October 27, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Illinois Sure for Douglas,” October 27, 1860
New York Herald, “Helper and His Black Republican Endorsers,” October 28, 1860
Edward Mattson to Abraham Lincoln, October 29, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Union at the South," October 29, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Wide Awakes a Minute Men!," October 31, 1860
Milwaukee (WI) Sentinel, "Look Out for Illegal Votes!," November 1, 1860
New York Times, "Douglas Out of the Canvass," November 3, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Don't Care,” November 3, 1860
New York Herald, “The New York Herald and the Disunion Question,” November 4, 1860
New York Times, "The Republicans and Slavery," November 5, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Register, "Look Out, Douglas Men," November 6, 1860
New York Herald, “Down With the Helper Treason,” November 6, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "Pro-Slavery Tricks," November 6, 1860
Boston (MA) Advertiser, "Read Your Ballot," November 6, 1860
New York Times, "The Administration and Disunion," November 7, 1860
New York Herald, “Who are the Cooks in Pennsylvania?,” November 8, 1860
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “Conservative Sentiments,” November 8, 1860
New York Times, "From the Home of Mr. Lincoln," November 8, 1860
Boston (MA) Advertiser, "How Mr. Lincoln Voted," November 8, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “Remarkable Unanimity,” November 9, 1860
Newark (OH) Advocate, "Lincoln's Administration," November 9, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “John C. Breckinridge,” November 10, 1860
William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 10, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Disunion Flurry," November 10, 1860
John P. Sanderson to David Davis, November 12, 1860
(Jackson) Mississippian, “A Bugle Blast from Washington,” November 13, 1860
Charles Billinghurst to Abraham Lincoln, November 14, 1860
Raleigh (NC) Standard, "Untitled," November 14, 1860
Varina Anne Banks Howell Davis to Jefferson Finis Davis, November 15, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "An Honest Confession," November 17, 1860
New York Herald, “Douglas on Lincoln,” November 18, 1860
Carlisle (PA) American Volunteer, “Bad State of Affairs,” November 22, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Will They Do It?,” November 22, 1860
John Sherman to William Tecumseh Sherman, November 26, 1860
William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, November 23, 1860
New York Herald, “Untitled,” November 23, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Secession Cadets,” November 26, 1860
New York Times, “Political Assassination,” November 29, 1860
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, “Brooks and Sumner,” December 6, 1860
Abraham Lincoln, Certified Transcript of Passage from the House Divided Speech, December 7, 1860
New York Herald, “Vermont Negroes and Wool,” December 8, 1860
Chicago (IL) Tribune, "The Prime Cause," December 8, 1860
New York Herald, “The Crisis and Its Solution,” December 10, 1860
Lowell (MA) Citizen & News, “British Views of Secession,” December 14, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to John A. Gilmer, December 15, 1860
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “What the South Intends to do on the Fourth of March,” December 15, 1860
Abraham Lincoln to Henry J. Raymond, December 18, 1860
New York Times,“A Visit to Mr. Lincoln,” December 20, 1860
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “A Presidential Election Without A Parallel,” December 22, 1860
Anonymous to Abraham Lincoln, January 1, 1861
John P. Verree to Abraham Lincoln, January 1, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Letter From Virginia,” January 2, 1861
Charlestown (VA) Free Press, “A Forgeone Conclusion,” January 3, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Driven From Kentucky,” January 10, 1861
(Montpelier) Vermont Patriot, “Mr. Lincoln A Black Man,” January 19, 1861
Abraham Lincoln, Farewell Address to Springfield, Illinois, February 11, 1861
Louisville (KY) Journal, “Mr. Lincoln’s Speeches,” February 14, 1861
Cleveland (OH) Herald, “Mr. Lincoln’s Indianapolis Speech,” February 19, 1861
Abraham Lincoln, Address to the New Jersey Senate, Trenton, New Jersey, February 21, 1861
New York Times, “The Plot Against Mr. Lincoln’s Life,” March 4, 1861
Fayetteville (NC) Observer, "4th of March," March 4, 1861
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861, Washington, DC
New York Times, “Reception of the Inaugural,” March 5, 1861
New York Herald, “The Republican Party and their Professions for the Poor,” March 31, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “A Cheat at the Board,” April 6, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Good Bye, John Bell,” May 2, 1861
Ripley (OH) Bee, “One of the Volunteers,” May 23, 1861
Charles B. Calvert to Abraham Lincoln, July 10, 1861
Raleigh (NC) Register, “Arrest of a Traitor,” August 14, 1861
Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Resignation of Secretary Cameron,” January 14, 1862
Recollection by Frederick Douglass, Inauguration of President Lincoln, March 4,1865, Washington, D.C.
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” July 1865
Johnson to William H. Herndon, 1865-66
- John G. Nicolay's conversation with James Moorhead, May 12-13, 1880
Chicago Style Entry Link
Barney, William L. The Secessionist Impulse: Alabama and Mississippi in 1860. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974. View Record
Crofts, Daniel W. Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. View Record
Desmond, Jerry R. "Maine and the Elections of 1860." New England Quarterly 67, no. 3 (1994): 455. View Record
DiNunzio, Mario R. “Lyman Trumbull and the Making of a President, 1860.” Lincoln Herald 75, no. 1 (1972): 11-17. View Record
Donald, David Herbert. "1860: The Road Not Taken." Smithsonian 35, no. 7 (October 2004): 54-56. View Record
Ecelbarger, Gary. “Before Cooper Union: Abraham Lincoln’s 1859 Cincinnati Speech and Its Impact on His Nomination.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 30, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 1-17. View Record
Freehling, William W. The Road to Disunion. Vol. 2, Secessionists Triumphant, 1854-1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. View Record
Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. View Record
Green, Don. "Constitutional Unionists: The Party that Tried to Stop Lincoln and Save the Union." Historian 69, no. 2 (2007): 231-253. View Record
Harris, William C. Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2007. View Record
Helper, Hinton Rowan. Compendium of the Impending Crisis of the South. New York: A. B. Burdick, 1860. View Record
Hickey, James T. "Oglesby's Fence Rail Dealings and the 1860 Decatur Convention." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 54 (1961): 5-24. View Record
Hitchcock, William S. "The Limits of Southern Unionism: Virginia Conservatives and the Gubernatorial Election of 1859." Journal of Southern History 47, no 1 (1981): 57-72. View Record
Holzer, Harold. "The Bearding of the President, 1860: The Portraitists put on Hairs." Lincoln Herald 78, no. 3 (1976): 95-101. View Record
Holzer, Harold. Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech that made Abraham Lincoln President. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004. View Record
Holzer, Harold. Lincoln President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. View Record
Hubbell, John T. "The Douglas Democrats and the Election of 1860." Mid-America 55, no. 2 (1973): 108-133. View Record
Hunt, H. Draper. “President Lincoln’s First Vice: Hannibal Hamlin of Maine.” Lincoln Herald 88, no. 4 (Winter 1986): 137-44. View Record
Hunt, H. Draper. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine: Lincoln's First Vice-President. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1969. View Record
Johannsen, Robert W. "Stephen A. Douglas and the South." Journal of Southern History 33, no. 1 (February 1967): 26-50. View Record
Johannsen, Robert W. "Stephen A. Douglas' New England Campaign, 1860." New England Quarterly 35, no. 2 (June 1962): 162-186. View Record
Johannsen, Robert Walter. Lincoln and the South in 1860. Fort Wayne, IN: Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum, 1989. View Record
Kelly, Jack. “John J. Crittenden and the Constitutional Union Party.” Filson Club History Quarterly 48 (July 1974): 265-276. View Record
Klein, Maury. Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. View Record
Lowell, James Russell. "The Election in November." The Atlantic Monthly 6, no. 36 (October 1860): 492-502. View Record
Maddox, Robert Franklin. "The Presidential Election of 1860 in Western Virginia." West Virginia History 25, no. 3 (1964): 211-227. View Record
Mering, John V. "Allies Or Opponents? The Douglas Democrats and the Constitutional Unionists." Southern Studies 23, no. 4 (1984): 376-385. View Record
Mering, John V. "The Slave-State Constitutional Unionists and the Politics of Consensus." Journal of Southern History 43, no. 3 (1977): 395-410. View Record
Morris, Roy. The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America. New York: Smithsonian Books, 2008. View Record
Neely, Mark E. The Boundaries of American Political Culture in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. View Record
Plummer, Mark. "Lincoln and the Rail-Splitter Election." Lincoln Herald 101, no. 3 (1999): 111-116. View Record
Potter, David Morris. The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. Edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1976. View Record
Reynolds, David S. "John Brown, the Election of Lincoln, and the Civil War." North & South 9, no. 1 (2006): 78-88. View Record
Rozinek, Erika. "Trembling for the Nation: Illinois Women and the Election of 1860." Journal of Illinois History 5, no. 4 (2002): 309-324. View Record
Stampp, Kenneth M. And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis, 1860-1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950. View Record
Towers, Frank. "Violence as a Tool of Party Dominance: Election Riots and the Baltimore Know-Nothings, 1854-1860." Maryland Historical Magazine 93, no. 1 (1998): 4-37. View Record
Venable, Austin L. "The Conflict Between the Douglas and Yancey Forces in the Charleston Convention." Journal of Southern History 8, no. 2 (1942): 226-241. View Record
How to Cite This Page: "Election of 1860," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/9604.