Fanning's Illustrated Gazetteer of the United States....

ADAIR COUNTY, in the northern part of Missouri, and traversed by Chariton river. Area --- square miles. Courts are held at Kirksville. Pop.,in 1850, 2,342.

ADAMS COUNTY, south part of Pennsylvania, about 20 miles in length, 18 in width, and contains 360 square miles. The surface is extremely diversified by hill and dale, and the soil fertile and well-watered. Courts are held at Gettysburgh, the chief town. Pop. in 1820, 19,681; in 1830, 21,379; in 1840, 23,044; in 1850, 25,981.

ALBANY, city, capital of the state of New York, and seat of justice of Albany county, situated on the west side of Hudson river. 145 ms. N. of New York, and 164 ms. W. of Boston. Rising by a bold ascent from the water, and crowned with the glittering domes of capitol and city-hall, it presents an interesting appearance from the river, and creates anticipations which are rarely realized on entering its streets…
Few inland cities combine so many natural advantages for trade, improved by such extensive and costly public works as Albany. It is the terminus of the Erie canal, and the great chain of railroads which connects the central counties of New York, the great lakes, and their vast shores. The Green Mountain state sends its productions to Albany through Lake Champlain and the Champlain canal. Some of the products brought through these channels, pass through Massachusetts to Boston by railroad; more are whirled in a few hours to New York, by the gigantic Hudson River railroad, which now sweeps majestically through the solid mountains and rocky headlands which skirt mat mighty stream. Steamboats, schooners, and sloops, also convey large cargoes to and from the towns along the route. Pop. in 1790, 3,498; in 1800, 5,349; in 1810, 9,356; in 1820, 12,630; in 1830, 24,238; in 1840, 33,721; in 1850, 50,763.

ALEXANDER COUNTY, towards the westerly part of North Carolina. Area, ------- square miles. Courts are held at ------- . Pop. in 1850, 5,220.

ALLEGHANY COUNTY, in the extreme western part of Maryland, bordering on the north side of Potomac river.  Entire length 65 miles; bready very unequal, averaging about 124, with an area of about 800 square miles.  This county is traversed by the main chain of the Alleghany mountains, which discharge the upper branches of the Youghiogheny into the Potomac.  The face of the country is excessivley broken and rocky, notwithstanding there is muh excellent arable land in the valleys, and some even on the mountain plains.  the mountains contain extensive beds of bituminous coal, that of Frostburgh being of superior quality.  Courts are held at Cumberland.  Pop. in 1820, 8,654; in 1830, 10,609; in 1840, 15,686; in 1850, 22,769.

ALLEGHANY COUNTY, in the southwestern part of Pennsylvania. Watered by Alleghany, Youghiogheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers. Length of this county, 32 miles; mean breadth, 18, with an area of 575 square miles. The face of the country is peculiarly diversified by depressed vales, lying within large swelling hills, which are productive to their summits. In the bosom of these hills there exist inexhaustible beds of fine bituminous coal. Excellent lime and building stone also abounds. Courts are held at Pittsburgh. Pop. in 1820,34,921; in 1830, 50,552; in 1840, 81,235; in 1850, 138,300.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, situated on the westerly side of Patapaco river and Chesapeake bay, in Maryland, with Patuxent river on the west.  Length, 60 miles; mean breadth 12, extending over an area of 720 square miles.  The face of the country, in general, is agreeably undulating, with a varied soil, mostly of a secondary quality.  Courts are held at the city of Annapolis.  Pop., in 1830, 28,295; in 1840, 29,532; in 1850, 32,393.

ANSON COUNTY, situated in the south part of North Carolina, on the westerly side of the river Yadkin. Length, about 33 miles; mean width, 23, covering an area of about 760 square miles. The face of the country is mountainous and rather broken, the river lands fertile, but the uplands thin and unproductive. Courts are held at Wadesborough. Pop. in 1820, [22,534?]; in 1830 14,085; 1840, 15,077; in 1850, 13,489.

ARKADELPHIA, c. h., p. v., seat of justice of Clark co., Arkansas.

ARKANSAS COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of the state of Arkansas, and watered by Arkansas, White, and Bœuf rivers, and Bayou Barthelany. The face of the country is generally level, except the westerly part which rises into eminences. Length, 60 miles; mean width, 40, extending over an area of 2,400 square miles. Courts are held at Arkansas. Pop., in 1830, 1,426; in 1840, 1,346; in 1850, 3,246.

ARKANSAS POST, c. h., p. v., seat of justice of Arkansas со., Ark. 117 ms. S. E. of Little Rock; from W. 1,087 ms. Watered by Arkansas river.

ARMSTRONG COUNTY, situated in the westerly part of Pennsylvania, and is watered by Alleghany river. Length, 35 miles; mean width, 20, with an area of about 700 square miles. The face of the country is hilly, rocky, and broken, though much of the soil consists of a fertile loam, particularly along the Alleghany river. Courts are held at Kittaning. Pop., in 1820, 10,324; in 1830, 17,695; in 1840, 28,365; in 1850, 29,560.

ASCENSION PARISH, La., situated toward the southeast part of the state, and traversed by Mississippi river. Area -------- . The surface is level, and annually overflowed; the soil fertile and well-suited for cotton and sugar-cane. Courts are held at Donaldsonville. Pop., in 1840, 6,951; in 1850, 10,752.

ASHE COUNTY, situated in the northwest part of North Carolina, and drained by branches of the Great Kanawha and Holston rivers. Length, 64 miles; mean breadth, 120, covering an area of 768 square miles. The face of the country is generally hilly and mountainous, the air pure and healthy, and the soil in many parts productive. Courts are held at Jefferson. Pop., in 1820, 4,335; in 1830, 6,987; in 1840 7,467; in 1850, 8,777.

ASHLAND, p. v., Ashland co., O., 79 ms. N. W. of Columbus; from W. 368 ms. Pop. 1,344.

ASHLEY COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of Arkansas, between Bayou Bartholomew and Saline river. Area, ---- square miles. Courts are held at Hamburgh. Pop., in 1850, 2,058.

ASSUMPTION PARISH, La., situated toward the southeast part of the state, and watered by the Mississippi and Bayou La Fourche. Area, ------- square miles. Courts are held at Assumption. Pop., 1840, 7,141; in 1850, 10,538.

ATLANTA CITY, p.o., DeKalb co., Ga., Pop. 2, 572.

ATLANTIC COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of New Jersey, on the Atlantic ocean, and watered by Great and Little Egg-Harbor rivers. Area, 550 square miles. The surface is generally level, with numerous marches, bays, and islands on the southeast, and a light sandy soil, which is productive only from cultivation. Courts are held at May’s Landing. Pop., in 1840, 8,726; in 1850, 8,962.

BALTIMORE COUNTY, situated in the northerly part of Maryland, on the north side of Patapsco river, and the westerly side of Chesapeake bay.  Length, about 30 miles; mean breadth, 25, with an area of 750 square miles.  The face of the country is agreeably diversified by hill and dale, abundantly wooded and watered, and generally well cultuvated, tha soil being good for grazing, orchards, and the production of grain.  Courts are held at Baltimore.  Pop., in 1820, exclusive of that of the city and its precincts, 33,352; in 1830, including that of Baltimore, 120,870; in 1840, 134,379; in 1850, 203,928.

BANGOR CITY, the seat of justice of Penobscot co., Me., situated on the west side of Penobscot river, at the head of tidewater, 58 miles from the Atlantic, 68 northeast from Augusta, 230 northeast of Boston. Vast quantities of lumber are annually floated down the river to this place, whence it shipped to the West Indies and various parts of the Union. This city is built on elevated ground, affording a fine view of the surrounding country, and is tastefully laid out, and adorned with trees. The public as well as the private buildings are, many of them, neat and elegant. The harbor is inaccessible for four months in the winter, but will admit, at other times, vessels of 300 or 400 tons, the tide alone rising to the height of 17 feet. Lines of steamboats connect the city with Portland, and a railroad extends 12 miles up the river to Oldtown. The Bangor Theological seminary was incorporated in 1834, and is in prosperous condition. Population in 1790, 169; in 1800, 277; in 1810, 850; in 1820, 1,221; in 1830, 2,867; in 1840, 8,627; in 1850, 14,432.

BARNSTABLE COUNTY, situated at the extreme easterly part of Massachusetts, comprising the whole of the peninsula of Cape Cod and the Elizabeth island, with the Atlantic ocean on the south and east, Cape Cod bay on the north, and Buzzard bay on the west. Length, 65 miles; mean width, 5; with an area of 325 square miles. The surface is generally flat, the soil naturally sandy and barren, but covered in some places with forests of oak and pine. Courts are held at Barnstable. Pop. in 1820, 24,046; in 1830, 15,310; in 1840, 32,548; in 1850, 35,276.

BATAVIA, p. t. Kane co., Ill., 184 ms. N. of Springfield; from W. 755 ms. Pop. 892.

BEAUFORT COUNTY, situated in the easterly of North Carolina, on Pamlico sound, and traversed by Pamlico river. Length, 40 miles; mean breadth, 17; with an area of 670 square miles. The face of the country is generally level. Seat of justice, Washington. Pop. in 1820, 9,900; in 1830, 10,969; in 1840, 12,225; in 1850, 13,816.

BEAVER COUNTY, situated in the western boundary of Pennsylvania, and traversed by Ohio and Beaver rivers. Length, about 40 miles; mean breadth, 15; with an area of 600 square miles. The face of the country is broken and hilly; the soil generally fertile, well wooded and watered. Seat of justice, Beaver. Pop in 1820, 13,34O; in 1830, 24,183; in 1840, 29,368; in 1850, 26,689.

BEDFORD COUNTY, situated in the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, and drained by branches of Juniata and Potomac rivers. Length, 52 miles; mean breadth, 31; with an area of 1,600 square miles. The face of the country is extremely diversified by mountains, hills, and valleys, with an equally varied soil-barren and rocky in the mountains, and fertile and well watered in the valleys. Seat of justice, Bedford. Pop. in 1820, 20,248; in 1830, 24,502; in 29,335; in 1850, 23,052.

BENTON COUNTY, situated at the northwest corner of Arkansas, and watered by White river and branches of the Neosho. Area, 1,050 square miles. Seat of justice, Bentonville. Pop. in 1840, 2,228; in 1850, 3,710.

BERKS COUNTY, situated in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania. Area, 1820 square miles. Seat of justice, Reading. Pop. in 1840, 64,569; in 1850, 77,129.

BERTIE COUNTY, situated in the northeast part of North Carolina, on the northerly side of Roanoke river. Watered also by Cashie and Chowan rivers. Length, 28 miles; mean width, 25; with an area of 700 square miles. The face of the country is generally level, in some parts low and marshy; the soil moderately fertile. Seat of justice, Windsor. Pop. in 1820, 10,805; in 1830, 12,262; in 1840, 12,175; in 1850, 12,851.

BIENVILLE PARISH, situated in the northwest of Louisiana, on the easterly side of Lake Bisteneau. Area, --------- square miles. Seat of justice --------- . Pop. in 1850, 5,539.

BLADEN COUNTY, situated toward the southeast part of North Carolina, and traversed by Cape Fear river. Length, 50 miles; mean width, 30; with an area of 1,500 square miles. The face of the country is generally level; soil of moderate fertility. Seat of justice, Elizabethtown. Pop. in 1820, 7,276; in 1830, 7,814; in 1840, 8,022; in 1850, 9,767.

BLAIR COUNTY, situated in the central part of Pennsylvania, and traversed by the Frankstown branch of Juniata river. Area, 700 square miles. Seat of justice, Hollidaysburgh. Pop. in 1850, 21,777.

BOONE COUNTY, in the north boundary of Illinois, and drained by Kishwaukee river. Area, 400 square miles. Seat ot justice, Belvidere. Pop. in 1840, 1,705 ; in 1850, 7,626.

BOONE COUNTY, in the central part of Missouri, on the northeasterly side of Missouri river. Area, 600 square miles. Face of the country undulating. Soil, generally good. Seat of justice, Columbia. Pop. in 1830, 8,859; in 1840, 13,561; in 1850, 14,979.

BOSSIER PARISH, situated near the northwest corner of Louisiana, between Red river and Lake Bisteneau, containing also Lake Bodeau. Area, 880 square miles. Seat of justice, Belleview. Pop., in 1850, 6,962.

BRADFORD COUNTY, situated on the north boundary of Pennsylvania, and traversed by Susquehanna river. Length, 38 miles; mean width, 35; with an area of 1,330 square miles. The face of the country rocky and hilly, and the soil varied, but not very fertile. Seat of justice, Towanda. Pop. in 1820, 11,554; in 1830, 19,669; in 1840, 32,769; in 1850, 42,839.

BRADLEY COUNTY, situated in the south part of Arkansas, north of the junction of Wachita and Saline rivers. Area, ----- square miles. Seat of justice, Warren. Pop., in 1850, 3,829.

BRANDON, p. t., Rutland co., Vt., 14 ms S. W. of Montpelier; from W. 472 ms. Watered by Otter creek and Mill river. Pop. 2,835.

BRUNSWICK COUNTY, on the southern boundary of North Carolina, with Cape Fear river on the east, and the Atlantic ocean on the south. Area 1,344 square miles. The surface is level on the south level, abounding in marshes, and the soil is generally poor and thin. Seat of justice, Smithville. Pop in 1820 5,480; in 1830, 6,523; in 1840, 5,265; in 1850, 7,272.

BUCKS COUNTY, situated on the easterly boundary of Pennsylvania, on the westerly side of Delaware river. Length, 37 miles; mean breadth, 16; with an area of about 600 square miles. The face of the country is somewhat hilly and rolling, and the soil generally good and well cultivated. Seat of justice, Doylestown. Pop. in 1820, 37,642; in 1830, 45,740; in 1840, 48,107; to 1850, 56,091.

BURKE COUNTY, situated on the northeast boundary of Georgia, on the southwest side of Savannah river. Length, 40 miles; mean breadth, 24, with an area of 960 square miles. The face of the country is generally undulating, and the soil of middling quality. Seat of justice, Waynesborough. Pop. in 1820, 11,576; in 1830, 17,888; in 1840, 13,176; in 1850, 16,100.

BURKE COUNTY, in the western part of North Carolina, and traversed by Catawba river. Length, 6O miles; mean width, 22, with an area of 1,320 square miles. The surface is mountainous and hilly; soil varied. Seat of justice, Morgantown. Pop. in 1820, 13,411; in 1830, 17,727; in 1840, 15,799; in 1850, 7,772.

BURLINGTON COUNTY, situated toward the southern part of New Jersey, between the river Delaware and the Atlantic ocean. Length, 40 miles; mean width, 12 ½; with an area of 500 square miles. The face of the country is generally level; the soil sandy, but productive. Seat of justice, Mount Holly. Pop. in 1830, 31,066; in 1840, 32,831; in 1850, 43,203.

BUTLER COUNTY, situated in the western part of Pennsylvania. Length, 35 miles; mean width, 24; with an area of 840 square miles. The face of the country is generally hilly; soil fertile and well watered. Seat of justice, Butler. Pop. in 1820, 10,251; in 1830, 14,683; in 1840. 22,378; in 1850, 30,346.

CABARRAS COUNTY, situated in the southern part of North Carolina. Area, 300 square miles. The face of the country is mountainous and broken, with a soil of middling quality. Seat of justice, Concord. Pop. in 1820, 7,228; in 1830, 8,796; in 1840 9,259; in 1850 9,747.

CALCASIEU PARISH, situated on the southwest corner of Louisiana, on the east side of Sabine river, with the Gulf of Mexico on the south. Area, 5,000 square miles. Seat of justice, Lisbon. Pop. in 1840, 2,057; in 1850, 3,914.

CALDWELL COUNTY, situated toward the northeast part of North Carolina, on the north side of Catawba river. Area, -------- square miles. Seat of justice, Lenoir. Pop. in 1850, 6,317.

CALDWELL PARISH, situated toward the north part of Louisiana, and traversed by Wachita river. Area, ------- square miles. Seat of justice, Columbia. Pop. in 1840 2,017; in 1850, 2,815.

CALLOWAY COUNTY, situated on the southerly boundary of Kentucky, on the westerly side of Tennessee river. Area, 600 square miles. Seat of justice, Wadesborouch. Pop. in 1840, 9,794; in 1850, 8,096.

CALVERT COUNTY, situated in the south part of Maryland, between Patuxent river and Chesapeake bay.  Area, 264 square miles.  Seat of justice, Prince Frederick.  Pop. in 1840, 9,299; in 1850, 9,646.

CAMBRIA COUNTY, situated in the central part of Pennsylvania, and drained by Connemaugh river. Area, 720 square miles. Face of the country hilly and rocky, soil generally of fair quality. Seat of justice, Ebesnburgh. Pop. in 1820, 3,287; in 1830, 7,079; in 1840, 11,250; in 1850, 17,773.

CAMDEN COUNTY, situated on the westerly boundary of New Jersey, on the northeasterly side of Delaware river. Area, ----- square miles. Face of the country level; soil of fair quality. Seat of justice, Camden. Pop. in 1850, 25,422.

CAMDEN COUNTY, situated in the northeast part of North Carolina, on the northeast side of Pasquotauk river. Area, 228 square miles. Face of the country level; soil thin and generally sterile. Seat of justice, Jonesburgh. Pop. in 1820, 6,305; in 1830, 6,721; in 1840, 5,663; in 1850, 6,049.

CAPE MAY COUNTY, situated in the extreme southeast part of New Jersey, with Tuckahoe river on the north, Delaware bay on the west, and the Atlantic ocean on the east. Area, 252 square miles. Face of the country level. Soil sandy; in some parts marshy. Seat of justice, Cape May Court House. Pop. in 1820, 4,265; in 1830, 4,945; in 1840, 5,324; in 1850, 6,433.

CAPE MAY. c. h., p. v., Middle township, seat of justice of Cape May со., N. J., 93 ms. S. of Trenton; from W. 203 ms. Watered by Atlantic ocean.

CARBON COUNTY, situated in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, and traversed by Lehigh river. Area, -- square miles. Seat of justice, Mauch Chunk. Pop. in 1850, 15,686.

CARROLL COUNTY, situated on the north boundary of Maryland, on the northwest side of Patapsco river. Area, 500 square miles. Seat of justice, Westminster. Pop. in 1840, 17,241; in 1850, 20,616.

CAROLINE COUNTY, situated on the easterly boundary of Maryland, on the eastern side of Choptauk river. Area, 240 square miles. Face of the country level; soil sandy. Seat of justice, Denton. Pop. in 1820, 10,108; in 1830, 9,070; in 1840, 7,806; in 1850, 9,962.

CARROLL COUNTY, situated on the north boundary of Arkansas. Area, 1,650 square miles. Seat of justice, Carrollton. Pop. in 1840, 2,844; in 1850, 4,614.

CARROLL PARISH, situated in the northeast comer of Louisiana, on the west side of Mississippi river. Area, 1,100 square miles. Seat of justice, Providence. Pop. in 1840, 4,237; in 1850, 8,789.

CARTERET COUNTY, situated on the southeast boundary of North Carolina, on the Atlantic ocean. Area, 600 square miles. Face of the country level; soil generally sandy, but in part marshy. Seat of justice, Beaufort. Pop. in 1830, 5,609; in 1830, 6,607; in 1840, 6,591; in 1850, 6,803.

CASWELL COUNTY, situated in the north boundary of North Carolina. Area, 400 square miles. Seat of justice, Yanceyville. Pop. in 1830, 15,499; in 1840, 14,639; in 1850, 15,269.

CATAHOOLA PARISH, situated toward the easterly part of Louisiana, and watered by Catahoola lake, and Cataboola and Washita rivers. Area, 2,100 square miles. Face of the country generally flat, and partially subject to annual inundation. Seat of justice Harrisonburgh. Pop. in 1830, 2,581; in 1840, 4,955; in 1850, 6,982.

CATAWBA COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of North Carolina, on the southwest side of Catawba river. Area, ------ square miles. Seat of justice, Newtown. Pop. in 1850, 8,862.

CECIL COUNTY, situated at the northeast corner of Maryland, with Susquehanna river and Chesapeake bay on the west and southwest. Area, 264 square miles. Face of the country generally level; soil varied, with much good land along the streams. Seat of justice, Elkton. Pop. in 1820, 16,048; in 1830, 15,492; in 1840, 17,232; in 1850, 18,939.

CENTRE COUNTY, situated in the central part of Pennsylvania, with the west branch of Susquehanna river on the northwest. Area, 1,560 square miles. Face of the country, mountainous and hilly; soil generally rocky and sterile, but much good land along the streams. Seat of justice, Bellefonte. Pop. in 1820, 13 786; in 1830, 16,765; in 1840, 20,492; in 1850, 23,355.

CHAPEL HILL, p. v., Orange со., N. С., 28 ms. N. W. of Raleigh; from W. 286 ms. Watered by New Hope river. Seat of the University of North Carolina.

CHARLES COUNTY, situated in the southwest part of Maryland, on the northeat side of Potomac river. Area, 450 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil generally of fair quality, but some parts sandy. Seat of justice, Port Tobacco. Pop. in 1820, 16,500; in 1830, 17,666; in 1840, 16,023; in 1850, 16,162.

CHARLESTON DISTRICT, situated on the southeast boundary of South Carolina, on the Atlantic ocean, with Santee river on the northeast, and Combatree river on the southwest. Area, 2,244 square miles. Face of the country generally level; soil, in parts highly productive, while in others it is marshy or sandy. Seat of justice, Charleston. Pop. in 1820, 80,212; in 1830, 86,338; in 1840, 82,661; in 1850, 72,805.

CHARLESTOWN, c. h., p. v., seat of justice of Jefferson co., Va., 168 ms. N. of Richmond ; from W. 65 ms. Pop. 1,507.

CHARLOTTE, c. h., p. v., seat of justice of Mecklenburgh co., N. C., 158 ms. S. W. of Raleigh; from W. 397 ms. Watered by Sugar creek.

CHATHAM COUNTY, situated in the central part of North Carolina, and traversed by Haw and Deep rivers. Area, 858 square miles. Face of the country generally hilly; soil varied. Seat of justice, Pittsborough. Pop. in 1820, 12,661; in 1830, 15,499; in 1840, 16,242; in 1850, 18,449.

CHEROKEE COUNTY, situated at the extreme westerly angle of North Carolina. Area, 1,000 square miles. Face of the country generally mountainous and hilly, with a fertile soil along the stream. Seat of justice, Murphy. Pop. in 1840, 3,427; in 1850, 6,838.

CHEROKEE COUNTY, situated toward the easterly part of Texas, between Angelina and Neches rivers. Area, ------- square miles. Seat of justice, Rusk. Pop. in 1850, 5,057.

CHESTER COUNTY, situated at the southeast corner of Pennsylvania, with Schuylkill river on the northeast. Area, 729 square miles. Face of the country extremely diversified by mountains, hills, valleys and plains, with a soil equally varied, changing from rocky to the productive limestone valley, and the fertile loamy plain. Seat of justice, Westchester. Pop. in 1820, 44,455; in 1830, 50,910; in 1840. 57,515; in 1850, 66,438.

CHICOT COUNTY, situated at the southeast corner of Arkansas, on the westerly side of Mississippi river. Area, 1,800 square miles. Seat of justice, Columbia. Pop. in 1830, 1,165; in 1840, 3,806; in 1850, 5,115.

CHOCTAW COUNTY, situated on the westerly boundary of Alabama, on the west side of Tombigbee river. Area, -------- square miles. Seat of justice, Butler. Pop. in 1850, 8,384.

CHOWAN COUNTY, situated in the northeast part of North Carolina, on the northeast side of Albemarle sound. Area, 200 square miles. Face of the country flat; soil in general of middling quality, but in some parts swampy. Seat of justice, Edenton. Pop. in 1820, 6,464; in 1830, 6,688; in 1840, 6,690; in 1850, 6,721.

CHRISTIAN COUNTY, situated on the south boundary of Kentucky. Area, 612 square miles. Seat of justice, Hopkinsville. Pop. in 1820, 10,459; in 1830, 12,694; in 1840, 15,587; in 1850, 9,580.

CLAIBORNE PARISH, situated on the north boundary of Louisiana, on the east side of Bayou Dorcheat. Area, ------- square miles. Face of the country generally level; soil, along the streams, fertile. Seat of justice, Oveston. Pop. in 1830, 1,764; in 1840, 6,185; in 1850, 7,471.

CLARION COUNTY, situated toward the northwest part of Pennsylvania, on the northeast side of Alleghany river, and traversed by Clarion river. Area, 530 square miles. Seat of justice, Clarion. Pop. in 185O, 23,565.

CLARK COUNTY, situated toward the southwest part of Arkansas, between Little Missouri and Wachita rivers. Area, 1,500 square miles. Seat of justice, Greenville. Pop. in 1830, 1,369; in 1840, 2,309; in 1850, 4,011.

CLARKE COUNTY, situated in the northeast part of Virginia, and traversed by Shenandoah river. Area, 225 square miles. Seat of justice, Berryville. Pop. in 1840, 6,353; in 1850, 7,352.

CLEARFIELD COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of Pennsylvania, and traversed by the west branch of Susquehanna river. Area, 1,425 square miles. Although much of the soil of this county is excellent, it is truly an Alpine region, rich in the most varied scenery, the surface being generally broken, and much of it mountainous. It is well watered, and has a salubrious climate. Seat of justice, Clearfield. Pop. in 1820, 2,342; in 1830, 4,803; in 1840. 7,834; in 1850, 12,586.

CLEVELAND COUNTY, situated on the southern boundary of North Carolina. Area, 550 square miles. Seat of justice, Shelby. Pop. in 1850, 10,396.

CLINTON COUNTY, situated at the northeast part of New York, on the west side of Lake Champlain. Area, 932 square miles. Face of the county mountainous and hilly; soil generally inferior. Seat of justice, Plattsburgh. Pop. in 1820, 12,070; in 1830, 19,344; in 1840, 28,157; in 1850, 40,048.

CLINTON COUNTY, situated toward the north part of Pennsylvania, and traversed by the west branch of Susquehanna river. Area, 840 square miles. Face of the country mountainous and hilly. Soil varied. Seat of justice, Lock Haven. Pop. in 1840, 8,323; in 1850, 11,207.

COLUMBIA COUNTY, situated in the central part of Pennsylvania, and traversed by the east branch of Susquehanna river. Area, 700 square miles. Face of the country mountainous and hilly, with much excellent soil. Seat of justice, Danville. Pop. in 1830, 20,049; In 1840, 24,267; in 1850, 17,710.

COLUMBUS COUNTY, situated on the southern boundary of North Carolina. Area, 600 square miles. Faсе of the country generally flat; soil of middling quality. Seat of justice, Whitesville. Pop. in 1820, 1,912; in 1830, 4,141; in 1840, 3,941; in 1850, 5,909.

COLUMBUS, city, seat of justice of Franklin co., and capital of O., occupies a gentle slope on the east side of the Scioto river, 110 miles northeast of Cincinnati, and 863 miles from Washington. A large public square of 10 acres, in the centre of the city, is formed by the intersection of rectangular streets, and contains the statehouse, an imposing edifice of brick, with a cupola 106 feet above the ground, which displays an interesting view of a wide surface of country. Fronting this square, are also the federal courthouse, and a building for state purposes. The penitentiary is a solid and extensive structure of limestone. There are also asylums for the insane, and for the blind, deaf, and dumb; banks, churches, and numerous other prominent buildings. Columbus owes much of its prosperity to the circumstance of its being the seat of state government; but manufactures and trade are increasing with the facilities of communication. The Columbus Branch canal   extends 10 miles, to the Ohio and Erie canal, which traverses the state from Portsmouth, on the Ohio, to Cleveland, on Lake Erie, a distance of 307 miles. The Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus railroad communicates with this place.

The population in 1820, was 1,400; in 1830, 2,435; in 1840, 6,048; in 1850, 16,893.

CONCORDIA PARISH, situated on the east boundary of Louisiana, between Tensas and Mississippi rivers. Area, 1,300 square miles. Face of the country a universal alluvial flat partially subject to annual inundation. Seat of justice, Vidalia. Pop in 1820, 2,626; in 1830, 4,662; in 1840, 9,414; in 1850, 7,758.

CONWAY COUNTY, situated in the central part of Arkansas, on the northerly side of Arkansas river. Area, 1,025 square miles. Seat of justice, Lewisburgh. Pop. in 1830, 982; in 1840 2,892; in 1850 3,583.

CRAVEN COUNTY, situated on the southeast part of North Carolina, and traversed by the river Neuse. Area, 1,100 square miles. Face of the country generally flat; soil in part sandy and marshy. Seat of justice, Newbern. Pop. in 1820, 13,394; in 1830, 13,734; in 1840, 14,438; in 1850, 14,709.

CRAWFORD COUNTY, situated on the west boundary of Arkansas, and traversed by Arkansas river. Area, 780 square miles. Seat of justice, Van Buren. Pop. in 1830, 2,440; in 1840 4,266; in 1850 7,960.

CRAWFORD COUNTY, situated on the westerly boundary of Illinois, with Wabash river on the east, and Embarrass river on the southwest. Area, 426 square miles. Face of the county variegated by hills and plains; soil productive. Seat of justice, Palestine. Pop. in 1820, 3,024 ; in 1830, 3,117 ; in 1840, 4,422 ; in 1850, 7,135.

CRAWFORD COUNTY, situated on the west boundary of Pennsylvania. Area, 1,016 square miles. Face of the country moderately hilly; soil generally productive of grain, pasturage, and fruits. Seat of justice, Meadville. Pop. in 1820, 9,397; in 1830, 16,005; in 1840, 31,724; in 1850, 37,849.

CRITTENDEN COUNTY, situated on the eastern boundary of Arkansas, between Mississippi and St. Francis rivers. Area, 2,100 square miles. Face of the country generally level; soil fertile, and in many parts subject to annual inundation. Seat of justice, Marion. Pop. in 1830, 1,272; in 1840, 1,501; in 1850, 2,648.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated toward the southwest part of Maine with the Atlantic ocean on the southeast, and watered by Saco, Androscoggin, and Kennebec rivers. Area, 990 square miles. Face of the country, somewhat varied, being much indented by bays on the seaboard, and hilly in the interior; soil productive in pasturage, but generally poor in quality for other purposes.  Seat of justice, Portland. Pop. in 1820, 49,445; in 1830, 60,113; in 1840, 68,658; in 1850, 77,549.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated on the southeast boundary of New Jersey on Delaware bay. Area, 524 square miles. Face of the county generally level; soil sandy. Seat of justice, Bridgetown. Pop. in 1820, 12,668; in 1830, 14,091; in 1840, 14,374; in 1850, 17,189.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated near the central part of North Carolina, and traversed by Cape Fear river. Area, 1,300 square miles. The soil in many places is fertile. Seat of justice, Fayetteville. Pop. in 1830, 14,824; in 1840, 15,284; in 1850, 20,610.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated toward the south part of Pennsylvania, with Susquehanna river on the northeast. Area, 544 square miles. This county lies in the fine valley between the north and south range of mountains. The face of the country is generally, and the soil productive of grain, pasturage, and fruit. Seat of justice, Carlisle. Pop. in 1820, 23,606; in 1830, 29,218; in 1840, 30,953; in 1850, 34,327.

CURRITUCK COUNTY, situated at the northeast part of North Carolina, divided by Currituck sound, and comprehending Currituck inland. Area, 600 square miles. Face of the country level; soil generally sandy and barren, but much of it is profitably cultivated with rice. Seat of justice, Currituck. Pop. in 1820, 8,090; in 1830, 7,654; in 1840, 6,703; in 1850, 7,236.

DADE COUNTY, situated on the southerly boundary of Florida, with the Gulf stream on the south and east, including several islands, or keys, near the adjacent coast. Area, 5,000 square miles. Face of the country flat, a large portion of which consists of "everglades," or a body of savannas, covered with water several feet deep, containing many small islets of fertile land, and cypress swamps. Seat of justice, Key Biscayune. Pop. in 1840, 446; in 1850, 159.

DALLAS COUNTY, situated toward the southerly part of Arkansas, between Wachita and Saline rivers. Area, ---- square miles. Seat of justice, Princeton. Pop. in 1850, 6,877.

DAUPHIN COUNTY, situated toward the southeast part of Pennsylvania, with Susquehanna river on the west. Area, 608 square miles. Face of the country mountainous and hilly; soil generally fertile. Seat of justice, Harrisburgh, which is also the capital of the state. Pop. in 1820, 21,663; in 1830, 25,303; in 1840, 30,118; in 1850, 35,754.

DAVIDSON COUNTY, situated in the central of North Carolina. Area, 790 square miles. Seat of justice, Lexington. Pop. in 1830, 13,389; in 1840, 14,606; in 1850, 15,320.

DAVIE COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of North Carolina. Area, 175 square miles. Face of the country undulating; soil highly fertile. Seat of justice, Mocksville. Pop. in 1840, 5,574; in 1850, 7,866.

DE WITT COUNTY, situated near the central part of Illinois. Area, ----- square miles. Seat of justice, Clinton. Pop. in 1850, 5,002.

DEFIANCE COUNTY, situated on the west boundary of Ohio, and traversed by Maumee river. Area, -------- square miles. Seat of justice, Defiance. Pop in 1850, 6,966.

DE KALB COUNTY, situated toward the northwest part of Georgia, with Chattachoochee river on the northwest. Area, 360 square miles. This county consists principally of an elevated table land. Seat of justice, Decatur. Pop. in 1830, 10,047; in 1840, 10,467; in 1850, 14,328.

DEKALB COUNTY, situated in the northern part of Illinois. Area, 648 square miles. Seat of justice, Sycamore. Pop. in 1840, 1,697; in 1850, 7,450.

DELAWARE COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of Pennsylvania, with Delaware river on the southeast. Area, 220 square miles. Seat of justice, Chester. Pop. in 1820, 4,810; in 1830, 17,361; in 1840, 19,791; In 1850, 24,679.

DESHA COUNTY, situated in the southeast part of Arkansas, with Mississippi river on the east, and traversed by Arkansas and White rivers. Area, 800 square miles. Face of the country level. Seat of justice, Bellville. Pop. in 1840, 1,598; in 1850 2,920.

DINWIDDIE COUNTY, situated in the southeasterly part of Virginia, with Notaway river on the south, and Appomattox river on the north. Area, 616 square miles. Face of the country undulating; soil varied. Seat of justice, Dinwiddie. Pop. in 1810, 12,524; in 1820, 13,792; in 1830, 18,637; in 1840, 22,558; in 1850, 25,118.

DORCHESTER COUNTY, situated toward the southeasterly part of Maryland, with Chesapeak bay on the west. Area 640 square miles. Face of the country level and marshy; soil sandy and of middling quality. Seat of justice; Cambrdige. Pop. in 1810, 18,109; in 1820, 17,700; in 1830, 18,683; in 1840, 18,843; in 1850, 18,877.

DOVER, Dover Hundred, the capital of Del., and seat of justice of Kent co., is a borough on Jones' creek, 10 ms from its entrance into Delaware bay, 50 ms s. of Wilmington; from W. 120 ms. It is built on four principal streets, which, intersecting, form a square in the centre of the town. Here is an elegant statehouse, and several churches, banks, and other public buildings, are in the vicinity. The buildings are neat, and generally of brick. It contains a monument erected to the memory of Col. John Haslett, who fell at the battle of Princeton, in 1777. The population, in 1810, was about 900; in 1820, 600; in 1830, 1,300; in 1840, 3,790; in 1850, 4,207.

DREW COUNTY, situated in the southeasterly part of Arkansas, with Sabine river on the west. Area, ---- square miles. Seat of justice, Monticello. Pop. in 1850, 3,275.

DUPAGE COUNTY, situated in the northeasterly part of Illinois.  Area, 396 square miles.  Seat of justice, Napierville.  Pop. in 1840, 3,535; in 1850, 9,290.

DUPLIN COUNTY, situated in the southeasterly part of North Carolina. Area, 640 square miles. Surface level, or moderately hilly; soil, sterile. Seat of justice, Kenansville. Pop. in 1810, 7,863; in 1820, 9,744; in 1830, 11,373; in 1840, 11,182; in 1850, 13,514.

EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH, situated toward the southeasterly part of Louisiana, with the Mississippi on the west. Area, ------- square miles. Seat of justice, Baton Rouge. Pop. in 1820, 2,220; in 1830, 6,698; in 1840, 8,138; in 1850, 11,977.

EAST FELICIANA PARISH, situated on the northerly boundary of that portion of Louisiana which lies east of Mississippi river. Area, 560 square miles. Soil fertile. Seat of justice, Clinton. Pop. in 1830, 8,247; in 1840, 11,893; in 1850, 13,598.

EDGAR COUNTY, situated on the easterly boundary of Illinois. Area, 630 square miles. Soil rich. Seat of justice, Paris. Pop. in 1830, 4,076; in 1840, 8,335; in 1850, 10,692.

EDGECOMBE COUNTY, situated toward the easterly part of North Carolina. Traversed by Tar river. Area, 650 square miles. Face of the country level; soil sandy and of inferior quality. Seat of justice, Tarborough. Pop in 1810, 12,423; in 1830, 13,276; in 1830, 14,933; in 1840, 15,708; in 1850, 17,189.

EDGEFIELD DISTRICT, situated on the southwesterly boundary of South Carolina, with Savannah river on the southwest. Area, 1,840 square miles. Face of the country uneven. Soil of middling quality. Seat of justice, Edgefield. Pop. in 1810, 23,160; in 1820, 85,179; in 1830, 30,511; in 1840, 32,852; in 1850, 39,262.

EDWARDS COUNTY, situated in the southeasterly part of Illinois. Area, 200 square miles. Face of the country undulating; soil generally fertile. Seat of justice, Albion. Pop. in 1820, 3,444; in 1830, 1,649; in 1840, 3,070; in 1850, 3,524.

EFFINGHAM COUNTY, situated toward the southeasterly part of Illinois. Area, 486 square miles. Soil of middling quality. Seat of justice, Ewington. Pop in 1840, 1,675; in 1850, 3,799.

ELK COUNTY, situated in the northwesterly part of Pennsylvania. Area, ----- square miles. Seat of justice, Ridgeway. Pop. in 1850, 3,496.

ERIE COUNTY, situated at the northwesterly corner of Pennsylvania, south of Lake Erie. Area, 720 square miles. Face of the country undulating; soil fertile. Seat of justice, Erie. Pop. in 1810, 3,758; in 1820, 8,553; in 1830, 16,906; in 1840, 31,344; in 1850, 38,742. 

ESSEX COUNTY, situated at the northeast corner of Massachusetts, with the Atlantic ocean and Massachusetts bay on the east, and traversed by Merrimac river. Face of the country hilly; soil of middling quality. Seats of justice, Ipswich, Salem, and Newburyport. Pop. in 1810, 71,883; in 1820, 74,655; in 1830, 82,887; in 1840, 94,987; in 1850, 131,300.

ESSEX COUNTY, situated toward the part of New Jersey. Area, 241 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil fertile. Seat of justice, Newark. Pop. in 1810, 25,984; in 1820, 30,793; in 1830, 41,928; in 1840, 44.621; in 1850, 73,944.

ESSEX COUNTY, situated in the northeasterly part of New York, on the westerly side of Lake Champlain. Area, 1,779 square miles. Face of the country hilly and mountainous; soil generally sterile. Seat of justice, Elizabethtown. Pop. in 1810, 9,477; in 1820, 12,811; in 1830, 19,387; in 1840, 23,634; in 1850, 30,993.

EVANSVILLE, c. h., p. v., seat of justice of Vanderburgh co., Ind., 172 ms. s. w. of Indianapolis. Watered by Ohio river. Pop. 3,663.

FARMER, p. t., Defiance co., O. Pop. 894.

FAYETTE COUNTY, situated toward the central part of Illinois, and traversed by the Kaskaskia River. Area, 648 square miles. Seat of justice, Vandalia. Pop. in 1830, 2,704; in 1840, 6,328; in 1850, 8,075.

FAYETTE COUNTY, situated in the southwesterly part of Pennsylvania, with Monongahela river on the west. Area, 824 square miles. Face of the country broken with hills and mountains; soil fertile. Seat of justice, Union. Pop. in 1810, 24,714; in 1820, 27,285; in 1830, 29,237; in 1840, 33,574; in 1850, 39,312. 

FORSYTH COUNTY, situated in the northern part of North Carolina. Area, ----- square miles. Seat of justice, Winston. Pop. in 1850, 11,168.

FRANKLIN COUNTY, situated in the northwesterly part of Arkansas, and traversed by Arkansas river. Area, 800 square miles. Seat of justice, Ozark. Pop. in 1840, 2,665; in 1850, 3,500.

FRANKLIN COUNTY, situated in the southerly part of Illinois. Area, 866 square miles. Face of the country generally level; soil productive. Seat of justice, Benton. Pop. in 1820, 1,763; in 1830, 4,083; in 1840, 3,682; in 1850, 5,681.

FRANKLIN COUNTY, situated toward the northerly part of North Carolina, and traversed by Tar river. Area, 40 square miles. Face of the country uneven; soil in the valleys generally fertile. Seat of justice, Louisburgh. Pop. in 1810, 10,166; in 1820, 9,741; in 1830, 10,665; in 1840, 10,980; in 1850, 11,713.

FRANKLIN COUNTY, situated on the southerly boundary of Pennsylvania. Area, 734 square miles. Face of the country diversified with mountains, hills, and valleys; soil varied, consisting principally of two formations; one of slate, extending through the northwesterly part, and is much more of a productive soil. Seat of justice, Hambersburgh. Pop. in 1810, 23,083; in 1820, 31,192; in 1830, 35,103; in 1840, 37,739; in 1850, 39,904.

FRANKLIN PARISH, situated toward the northeasterly part of Louisiana. Area, -------- square miles. Seat of justice, Winnsborough. Pop. in 1850, 3,251.

FREDERICK COUNTY, situated on the northern boundary of Maryland with Potomac river on the southwest. Area, 750 square miles. Face of the country moderatley even, inclined toward the south. Soil, fertile. Seat of justice, Fredericktown. Pop. in 1810, 34,437; in 1820, 40450; in 1830, 45,793; in 1840, 36,405; in 1850, 40,987.

FULTON COUNTY, situated on the northern boundary of Arkansas. Area, ----- square miles. Seat of justice, Pilot Hill. Pop. in 1850, 1,819.

FULTON COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of Illinois, with Illinois river on the sotheast. Area, 874 square miles. Seat of justice, Lewiston. Pop. in 1830, 1,841; in 1840, 13,142; in 1850, 22,508.

GALLATIN COUNTY, situated on the easterly boundary of Illinois, with Ohio and Wabash rivers on the east. Area, 760 square miles. Face of the country, undulating; soil, productive. Seat of justice, Equality. Pop. in 1820, 3,155; in 1830, 7,405; in 1840, [illegible]; in 1850, 5,137.

GASTON COUNTY, situated on the southern boundary of North Carolina. Area, ------- square miles. Seat of justice, Hoylesville. Pop. in 1850, 8,073.

GEORGIA, so called in honor of its royal grantor, George II. of England, and the most southern of the original thirteen States, lies between 30° 19' and 35° north latitude, and 80° 50' and 85° 40' west longitude from Greenwich; and bounded north by North Carolina and Tennessee, northeast by Savannah river, which separates it from South Carolina, southeast by the Atlantic, south by Florida, and west by Alabama. Its superficial area is 61,500 square miles.
Physical Aspect. — This state occupies a large proportion of the great inclined plain, from which the peninsula of Florida protrudes, and down which several rivers flow into the Atlantic and the Mexicam gulf. From the Atlantic border of this state, this acclivity gradually rises to an elevation of 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, without estimating the mountain ridges. Like the Carolinas, it may be divided into three zones. First, the flat sea-border, including numerous small islands; second, the sand-hill zone; and third, a hilly and partly mountainous tract, beyond the lower falls of the rivers. The soil on the islands, called hummock land is very rich, producing the celebrated S'ea-island cotton. The seacoast on the main land counts of a belt of salt marsh, four or five miles in widrh. In the rear оf this margin commence the "pine barrens," which extend 60 to 90 miles from the ocean. The river and creeks are generally bordered with swamps, or marshes, which at every tide, are either wholly or partially overflowed for 15 or 20 miles from the coast. These constitute the principal rice plantations. Beyond the pine barrens the country becomes uneven, diversified with hills and mountains, of a strong rich soil. The northwestern part of the state is mountainous, and abounds in beautiful scenery. The soil of Georgia, though varied, is a large portion of it, productive. At a distance from the sea it changes from gray to red; in some places it is gravelly, but fertile : and farther back in the country its color is gradually deepened, till it becomes what is called the "mulatto soil," consisting of black mould and reddish earth. This is succeeded in its turn by a soil that is nearly black, and very rich. In the southwest portion of the state is Okefenokee swamp, about 170 miles in circumference.
Mountains. — This state is traversed on the north by a spur of the Alleghanies, among which are Yonah and Currahee mountains. Pine mountain lies near the western boundary.
Rivers and Sounds. — The principal rivers are, the Savannah, Ogeechee. Altamaha, Satilla, Ocmulgee, Oconee, St. Mary's, Flint, Chattahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. The coast of Georgia is indented by numerous sounds and inlets, which occur at the mouths of the principal rivers.
Islands. — Along the Atlantic coast there is a chain of islands, which are separated from the main by rivers, creeks, and inlets, forming an inland navigation of more than 100 miles. The principal of these islands are Ту-bee, Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catherine's, Sapelo, St Simon's, Jykill, and Cumberland.
Climate. — The climate, from the difference of elevation, is varied, one section producing wheat, and another sugar-cane. The winters are usually mild and pleasant; snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation often interrupted by severe frosts. The temperature of winter usually fluctuates from 40° to 60° Fahrenheit, although it occasionally falls as low as 16°. In the low country, in the vicinity of swamps, fevers and bilious attacks are common, owing partly to the badness of the water, but principally to the noxious vapors which arise from stagnant water, and putrid matter in the rice swamps. In the "upper country" the air is pure and salubrious throughout the year, and the water is abundant and good.
Productive Resources.—The staple products of this state consist of horses, mules, neat cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, silk, wool, butter, cheese, cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, wine, wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, and Indian corn. Among the mineral resources are, copper, iron, and gold. The latter occurs in considerable abundance in the northern part of the state, on both sides of Chattahoochee river, as far north as the Blue Ridge.
Manufactures. — The people of Georgia arе more engaged in manufactures than those of any other southern state. It has quite a number of large cotton factories, which are worked by slave labor. It has also extensive tanneries, and mills of various descriptions.
Railroads and Canals. — There are about 1,000 miles of railroad already in successful operation in Georgia, and more in process of construction. T he cost of the railroads already completed in this state is over $15,000,000. T he principal canals in Georgia are, one from Savannah to the Ogeechee river, 16 miles, and another from Altamaha to Brunswick, 12 miles.
Commerce. — The foreign commerce of Georgia amounts to about $9,000,000 annually. The coasting trade is also considerable.
Education. — The university of Georgia, founded in 1785, in Athens, is the principal literary institution in the state. There are also, the Oglethorpe university, at Medina, near Milledgeville. The Mercer university, at Penfield, the Georgia Female college, near Macon, and the Georgia medical college, at Augusta. There are about 250 academies scattered through the state, and some 1,500 primary and common schools.
Population — In 1749, 6,000; in 1790, 82,584; in 1800, 162,686; in 1810, 252,433; in 1820, 348,9899; in 1830, 516,567; in 1840, 692,392; in 1850, 905,999. Number of slaves in 1790, 29,264; in 1800, 59,404; in 1810, 105,218; in 1820, 149,656; in 1830, 217,531; in 1840, 280,944; in 1850, 381,681.
Government. — The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office two years. The senate consiets of 47 members, elected from forty-four districts of two counties each, two districts of three counties each, and one district comprising but a single county. The house of representatives is composed of 130 members : the 35 counties having the largest number of inhabitants are entitled to two members each, and the remainder one each. State election biennially, first Monday in October. The legislature meets biennially, on the first Monday in November (odd years), at Mllledgeville. The judges of the superior court are elected for three years by the legislature, and the judges of the inferior courts and justices of the peace are elected quadrennially by the people. All the free white male inhabitants, who shall have resided within the county in which they vote six months preceding the election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have the right of suffrage.
History. — The state of Georgia embraces a part of Virginia, as granted to Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1584; or a portion of South Virginia, as granted by James I., of England in 1606. A portion of its present territory also embraces a part of the ancient Georgia colony, chartered in 1732, to a corporation "in trust for the poor," for twenty-one years, including the country between the Savannah and Altahama rivers, extending westward from their sources to the "South sea;" also a portion of the northern part of Florida, as claimed at the time by Spain. The first permanent settlement in Geargia was made under this çrant at Savannah, by Oglethorpe, in 1732, who brought out a band of colonists, collected from among the poor and vicious population, as an experimental effort for their reformation, by providing them with the means of self-support. This benevolent design failing of success, the trustees of the colony sent out a better class of emigrants in 1735 from Scotland, Switzerland, and Germany. In the year following Oglethorpe extended his settlements as far south as St. John's river, in Florida, but was repulsed by the Spaniards. He retained his fortification at the mouth of the St. Mary's, and this river afterward became the boundary between Georgia and Florida. In the year 1752, the trustees of the colony surrendered their charter to the king, and their province was forced into a royal government. А general representative assembly was established in 1755; and in 1763, all the territory between the Altamaha and St. Mary's was annexed. In 1775, Georgia acceded to the union of the colonies, and sent deputies to Congress. When military operations were transferred to the southern states, from 1779 to 1781, Georgia became a portion of the bloody arena. It was at the siege of Savannah, Sept. 23, 1779, that Count Pulaski, the brave and patriotic Pole, was killed. In 1777, the first state constitution was adopted, and the parishes then existing were formed into counties. A second constitution was adopted in 1785, and the one now in force in 1708. In 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United States by a unanimous vote. By different conventions, all of the new states, Alabama and Mississippi, lying north of thirty-one degrees, have been yielded to the general government. Motto of the state seal of Georgia, "Constitution" supported by "Wisdom," "Justice," "Moderation," and " Agriculture and Commerce."

GETTYSBURG, c. h., p. b., seat of justice of Adams co., Pa., 35 ms N. E. of Harisburgh; from 75 ms. Pop. 2,180.

GRANGER COUNTY, situated toward the northeasterly part of Tennessee, with Holston river on tho southeast, and Clinch river on the northwest. Area, 320 square miles. Face of the country hilly and mountainous; soil, along the streams, fertile; elsewhere unproductive. Seat of justice, Rutledge. Pop. in 1820, 7,650; in 1830, 10,066; in 1840, 10,572; in 1850, 12,370.

GRANVILLE COUNTY, situated on the northern boundary of North Carolina, and traversed by Tar river. Area, 828 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil generally productive. Seat of justice, Oxford. Pop. in 1810, 15,576; in 1820, 18,216; in 1830, 19,343; in 1840, 18,817; in 1850, 21,249.

GREEN COUNTY, situated on the southern boundary of Wisconsin. Area, 576 square miles. Seat of justice, Monroe. Pop. in 1840, 933; in 1850, 6,179.

GREENE COUNTY, situated at the northeast corner of Arkansas, with St. Francis river on the east, and Cache river on the west. Area, 1,025 square miles. Face of the country level. Seat of justice, Gainesville. Pop. in 1840, 1,586; in 1850, 2,593.

GREENE COUNTY, situated toward the westerly part of Illinois, with Illinois river on the west. Area, 942 square miles. Face of the country rolling; soil, fertile. Seat of justice, Carrollton. Pop. in 1830, 7,674; in 1840, 11,951; in 1850, 3,658.

GREENE COUNTY, situated toward the easterly part of North Carolina. Face of the country uneven; soil generally productive. Seat of justice, Snow Hill. Pop. in 1820, 4,553; in 1830, 6,313; in 1840, 6,595; in 1850, 6,619.

GREENE COUNTY, situated toward the southwesterly part of Ohio, and traversed by Little Miami and Mad rivers. Area, 400 square miles. Face of the country pleasantly diversified; soil fertile, and well cultivated. Seat of justice, Xenia. Pop. in 1830, 14,801; in 1840, 17,528; in 1850, 22,946.

GREENE COUNTY, situated at the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, with Monongahela  river on the east. Area, 576 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil fertile. Seat of justice, Waynesburgh. Pop. in 1810, 12,544; in 1820, 15,554; in 1830, 18,028; in 1840, 19,147; in 1850, 22,136.

GRUNDY COUNTY, situated toward the northeastern part of Illinois, and traversed by Des Plaines river. Area, 324 square miles. Seat of justice, Morris. Pop. in 1850, 3,023.

GUILFORD COUNTY, situated toward the northerly of North Carolina. Area, 672 square miles. Face of the country hilly; soil productive. Seat of justice, Greensborough. Pop. in 1820, 14,511; in 1830, 18,735; in 1840, 19,175; in 1850, 19,754.

HALIFAX COUNTY, situated toward the northerly part of North Carolina, with Roanoke river on the northeast. Area, 720 square miles. Face of the country, generally level; soil fertile. Seat of justice, Halifax. Pop. in 1810, 15,620; in 1820, 17,237; in 1830, 17,738; 1840, 16,865; in 1850, 16,589.

HAMBURGH, p. v., Edgefield district, S. C., 79 ms. S. W. of Columbia; from W. 574 ms. Watered by Savannah river.

HAMILTON COUNTY, situated in the south easterly part of Illinois. Area, 432 square miles. Seat of justice, McLeansborough. Pop. in 1830, 2,616; in 1840, 3,945; in 1850, 6,362.

HANCOCK COUNTY, situated on the western boundary of Illinois, with Mississippi river on the west. Area, 775 square miles. Face of the country even, consisting of prairie land; soil productive. Seat of justice, Carthage. Pop. in 1830, 483; in 1840, 9,946; in 1850, 14,652.

HANCOCK COUNTY, situated toward the easterly part of Indiana. Area, 310 square miles. Seat of justice, Greenfield. Pop. in 1830, 1,436; in 1840, 7,535; in 1850, 9,698.

HANOVER COUNTY, situated in the extern part of Virginia, with Pamunky river on the northeast. Area, 630 square miles. Face of the country generally hilly; soil sandy, except along the streams, where it is rich. Seat of justice, Hanover. Pop. in 1810m 15,082; in 1820, 15,267; in 1830, 16,253; in 1840, 14,968; in 1850, 15,153.

HANOVER, p. b., Heidelberg township, York co., Pa., 35 ms. S. of Harrisburgh; from W. 82 ms. Watered by a branch of Conewago creek. Pop. 1,210.

HARDIN COUNTY, situated in the southeastern part of Illinois, bounded on the east and south by Ohio river. Area, 100 square miles. Seat of justice, Elizabethtown. Pop. in 1840, 1,378; in 1850, 2,887.